2013何凯文写作基础班笔记.doc

狂欢是一群人的寂寞，寂寞是一个人的狂欢。2013考研何凯文写作基础班笔记未来之星收集整理小作文：10分，目标得分8分；大作文：20分，目标得分14-16分。大作文20分： 奖励分3分基准分17分奖励分：正确正规可读。（1）书法笔记：a笔的选择 b大写&小写 c正确的标记（2）标点的使用：a随意点 b逗号的问题 c句号的问题 d省略号（） e顿号（英文中没有） f书名号（?） g惊叹号和问好（最好不用）（3）修改的问题：a尽量别修改（三处以上修改扣一分） b反对对于内容的修改c正确的修改 d修改液基准分的考察范围内容：相关即可，自圆其说，内容趋同，避免跑题。形式：分三段。语言十二个万能理由：经济、效率、交流、他人；安全、方便、环境、健康；情感、性格、经济、空间。语言最重要：谚语和典故修辞准确和地道复杂的句式多变的用词一 谚语和典故Just as an old Chinese/English proverb says,编谚语：（1）将具体的问题抽象化Ends justify means.不管白猫黑猫，抓住老鼠就是好猫。（2）抽象的问题具体化All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.劳逸结合。Each Jack has his Jill.男大当婚，女大当嫁。总结：不要直白的表达自己的目的 Jack和Jill在谚语中经常出现 否定常出现二修辞（1）比喻：找到形容词常修辞的名词，把它们放到asas之间（2）反复：（113页）（3）押头尾韵：Aspire to inspire until I expire.生命不息，奋斗不止。 “To survive and thrive in our society” “for the health and wealth of people”(4)平行：Few people are immune to vanity, jealousy and pretension.(虚荣、猜忌、嫉妒)Large shopping centers provide not only pleasant environment, abundant goods but also excellent services.Such belief is unfortunately wrong and possibly dangerous.三语言的准确和地道：互译法四复杂的句式（1）形容词和副词：见到名词想形容词；见到动词想副词。（2）同位语做插入语：见到名词想插入语。（3）介词结构作修饰（4）非限定性定语从句修饰整个句子(，which is left us a deep impression) (5)非谓语动词和独立主格：将两个句子写为一个句子的方法。两个句子主语相同时，将一个句子的主语去掉，动词作相应变化。备注：当另据话的时态一致的时候，was/were也可以直接变为being.两个句子主语不同，保留主语，将动词作非谓语变化，可以再非谓语动词前加with，being也可省略。5大经典句型倒装虚拟语气as引导的状语从句状语从句的省略问题rather than和other thana.倒装完全倒装：主系表倒装为表系主否定副词提前，部分倒装省略语气，省略倒装If被省略，were或者had提前b.虚拟语气It is high time +that+主语+did(是做某件事情非常紧急和迫切的时刻)The situation being so serious, it is high time that we took effective measures to(必背)It is important /necessary/urgent + that + (should)+do important=imperative； introduce and enforce制定和实施；curb and harness=solve控制，解决 It is imperative that corresponding laws and regulations (should) be introduced and enforced to curb and harness this urgent problem.（必背）条件从句引导的虚拟语气Reform and opening policy 改革开放； KFC ； McDonalds麦当劳Were there no reform and opening policy, never would we taste the KFC or McDonalds.（必背）强调某件事情很重要的句型。Were there no sth, never would sb do sth. c.as引导的状语从句让步状语从句Simple as the picture is, the meaning behind it is as deep as ocean.(必背)d.状语从句的省略问题（1）当从句和主句的主语相同（2）从句中的动词为系动词的时候，从句中的主语和系动词可以被省略。e. rather than VS other thanrather than:而不是（万能插入语）other than:除了In no country other than China, it has been said, is the problem of environment more serious.（必背）五词汇多样性将简单词变为复杂此的方法（115页）(1) of +n.=adj.(2) the poor, the beautiful, the old (3) n.+and the like a.和他的同类作为从一个到多个的推广方法，议论文常用。b.表达陌生词汇（4）so called +n.所谓（5）形容词转折、取非有效的词汇转换（1） very=将形容词的同义词变为副词（2） one的使用 the problems,the following one.（3） 上下义词 A of B考研写作深度分析各段内容1. Describe the picture 描述图画2. Interpret its symbolic meaning 阐述寓意3. Give your comment/examples 给出评论或例子第一段的写作第一句（万能开头句）：报纸上有张图引起人们的广泛关注There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newpaper.Newspaper, artoon, photograph, drawing, magazine, journal.The past decade has witnessed a huge development in economy, owning to the reform and opening at the same time, with the following one being the foremost.第二句:描述图画As is shown in the picture ,.(后接完整单独句子描述图画)Shown，depicted, drawnClearly,vividly,ridiculously,interestinglyKK三步描述法：第一步：描述中心事物的位置，用完全倒装句型；第二步：描述中心事物的动作与状态（用非谓语动词结构）第三步：描述中心事物周围的动作与状态（用独立主格结构） 没有周围事物，创造一个主语不同的句子，创造独立主格结构。PS:有时也可使用非限定性定语从句。第三句：总结评价图画句。（51页）1、 The situation being so serious , it is high time(该做某事的时候) that we took effectivemeasures(有效措施)to 2、 It is imperative(紧要的) that corresponding(相应的) laws and regulations(规程) be introduced(采用, 提出) and enforced(强制的) to harness(利用) and curb(抑制) this urgent (紧急的)problem.3、 Simple(简单的) as the picture is , the meaning behind it is as deep as ocean .(由as引导的让步状语从句的倒装)4、 In no country other than China, it has been said, is the problem of environment more serious.5、 There has been a heated discussion(激烈的讨论) about a picture in the newspaper. 6、 The past decade has witnessed(见证,证明) a huge(巨大的) development in economy owing(未付的, 归因于的) to the reform and opening-up policy(改革开放政策) being carried out(实施, 贯彻) , bringing some problems at the same time , with the following one being the foremost(最重要的) .7、 The authors real purpose is not the fact itself , but to lead us to find what hides behind the ice burg .(作者的真实目的不是图画本身，而是要引导我们去探求在图画背后究竟隐藏着什么。)8、 According to one of the latest survey(调查) conducted by a certain(确定的) international organization(机构, 组织), money spent on pets in the city of Beijing is as much as $1,000,000,000 , which can feed all the Japanese in the world for a whole year . 9、 Our human history has been filled with a variety of examples of , with the following one being the foremost . (我们人类历史上与这个话题相关的例子有很多，下面这个是最有说服力的。) Numerous(为数众多的, 许多) examples can be given , but this/these will suffice . (可以给出无数的例子，但是这个/这些就足够了。)10、 The disadvantages(.disdvntid,不利条件) cannot weighed(wei,衡量) against the benefits .(利大于弊) The benefits are in large measure(测量, 比较) canceled out by the problems . (弊大于利。)11、 Were there no sth never would we do sth . (如果没有 我们可能根本做不了 好的主题)12、 Were the situation to continue as it is ,(our future generation(后代) would not bother to think of excuse for us ,) we would pay the high price . (如果情况继续恶化下去，(我们的后代将不会原谅我们，)我们将付出更加昂贵的代价。不好的主题)13、 It is imperative(紧要的) that the essence(esns, 精髓, 本质, 要素) be absorbed(吸收, 吸引 . 的注意)and the drawbacks(弊端) (should) be neglected(被忽视的) , during this process(过程) , especially(特别, 尤其) in the times of knowledge explosion(iksplun,爆炸, 爆炸声) , when the news facts(新闻事实) , opinions(意见) even rumors(谣言, 传闻)have been bombarding(bmba:di, 照射, 辐射,轰击, 射击, 碰撞) us from every corner of the world .(万能时间状语)14、 With a proper(合适的, 正当的) law and alert(使意识到, 警觉的) public(民众, 公众) , it will only be a matter of time before the problem becomes things of the past .(伴随着一个恰当的法律和警觉的民众，这个问题迟早可以被解决。)15、 Only in a reasonable(合理的,