浙江省高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解（5）.doc

科普知识阅读理解（5）科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2013辽宁,c)改编here is an astonishing and significant fact: mental work alone cant make us tired.it sounds absurd.but a few years ago,scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue (疲劳).to the amazement of these scientists,they discovered that blood passing through the brain,when it is active,shows no fatigue at all! if we took a drop of blood from a day laborer,we would find it full of fatigue toxins (毒素) and fatigue products.but if we took blood from the brain of an albert einstein,it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.so far as the brain is concerned,it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning.the brain is totally tireless.so what makes us tired?some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional (情感的) attitudes.one of englands most outstanding scientists,j.a.hadfield,says,“the greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin.in fact,fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.” dr.brill,a famous american scientist,goes even further.he declares,“one hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”what kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? joy? satisfaction? no! a feeling of being bored,anger,anxiety,tenseness,worry,a feeling of not being appreciatedthose are the emotions that tire sitting workers.hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue.we get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.1.what surprised the scientists a few years ago?()a.fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborers blood.b.albert einstein didnt feel worn out after a days work.c.the brain could work for many hours without fatigue.d.a mental workers blood was filled with fatigue toxins.2.according to the author,which of the following can make sitting workers tired?()a.challenging mental work.b.unpleasant emotions.c.endless tasks.d.physical labor.3.whats the authors attitude towards the scientists ideas?()a.he agrees with them.b.he doubts them.c.he argues against them.d.he hesitates to accept them.4.we can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic,sitting workers need to .a.have some good foodb.enjoy their workc.exercise regularlyd.discover fatigue toxins语篇解读:科学家们研究发现,单纯的脑力劳动不会使人感到劳累。真正使人感觉疲劳的是一些不良的情感态度。答案及剖析:1.c细节理解题。根据第一段中的to the amazement of these scientists,they discovered.可知,大脑活跃时,流经大脑的血液没有表现出疲劳。故c项正确。2.b细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,使脑力劳动者疲劳的主要原因是不良的情感问题,如:厌烦、生气、焦急、紧张、忧虑等,故b项正确。3.a推理判断题。本文主要介绍了科学家的研究成果,作者对此进行了进一步的分析、论证,对情感态度导致人疲劳的观点持肯定态度,并未对此进行质疑,故a项正确。4.b推理判断题。根据最后两段的叙述可知,不良的心理和情感态度是导致脑力劳动者疲劳的主要原因,因而保持好的心理状态才会感觉精力充沛;b项意为“喜欢他们的工作”,符合文意,这就避免了导致疲劳的烦躁、气愤等情感。其余几项都与导致疲劳的因素无关,故排除。【疑难词汇解读】appreciate vt. 感激id appreciate it if you let me get on with my job.如能让我继续工作,我会非常感激的。【长难句子分析】if we took a drop of blood from a day laborer条件状语从句,we would findit full of fatigue toxins and fatigue products主句.如果从一个劳动了一天的人身上取一滴血,我们就会发现血中充满了疲惫的因素及产物。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2014山东实验中学一模)global positioning systems (全球定位系统) are now a part of everyday driving in many countries.these satellitebased systems provide turnbyturn directions to help people get to where they want to go.however，they can also cause a lot of problems，send you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost.many times，the driver is to blame.sometimes a gps error is responsible.most often，says barry brown，it is a combination of the two.barry brown is with the mobile life centre in stockholm，sweden.he told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern united states.there he borrowed a gpsequipped car to use during his stay.mr brown says，“they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination.and，then it wasnt until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they actually put in a destination back on the west coast where they lived.they actually put their home address in.so again，the gps is kind of garbage in garbage out”mr brown says this is a common human error，but what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings，or failures，of gps equipment.he says，“one problem with a lot of the gps units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn.because they just give you the next turn，sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that its going to the wrong place.”mr brown says，“one of the things that struck us，perhaps the most important thing was that you have to know what youre doing when you use a gps.there are these new skills that people have developed.there are these new competencies (资格) that you need to have to be able to use a gps because they sometimes go wrong.this goes against a common belief that gps systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational skills.”barry brown says to make gps systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers，passengers and gps systems work together.1according to barry brow，in most cases，_are blame for the problems.ahuman errorsbgps errorscerrors caused by both drivers and gpsderrors caused by putting in a wrong address2the example of barry browns friend is used to show that_.agps is nothing but garbagebgps is still not accurate enoughcit is difficult for drivers to use gps equipmentdsometimes drivers are responsible for the problem3it can be inferred from the second paragraph that_.aits impossible to drive from the east to the west in the usbbarry browns friend went to stockholm，sweden by planecgiven wrong instructions，the gps will produce wrong resultsdgps systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational skills4which of the followings is one of the shortcomings of gps equipment?ait just tells the driver to turn once at a time.bit gives the driver the overview.cits screen is too small to be seen clearly.dit is only suitable for passive drivers.5whats the main idea of the text?agps systems are helpful for drivers.bdriving with gps can be difficult to navigate (导航)cdrivers should understand how gps systems work.ddrivers should learn to use gps systems correctly.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了开车用gps导航系统也很难导航。1解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“most often，says barry brown，it is a combination of the two.”可知，答案c符合文意。答案：c2解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句“they actually put their home address in.”可知，这次走错方向是由于人的疏忽导致的，不是gps系统的原因，故答案d正确。答案：d3解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段最后两句“they actually puy their home address in. so again，the gps is kind of garbage in garbage out”和对全段的整体理解可知，答案c“给错误的指令，导航系统就会产生错误的结果”符合文意。答案：c4解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句“he says，one problem with a lot of the gps units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn.”可知，答案a符合文意。答案：a5解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第三句“however，they can also cause a lot of problems，send you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost.”的开篇点题和对全文的整体理解可推知，答案b“开车用gps导航系统有时候也很难导航”最能概括文章大意。答案：b。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。【2014德州模拟】some animals will defend their territory by fighting with those who try to invade it.fighting，however，is not often the best choice，since it uses up a large amount of energy，and can result in injury or even death.most animals rely on various threats，either through sounds or smells.the songs of birds，the drumming of woodpeckers and the loud calls of monkeys are all warnings that carry for long distances，advertising to possible invaders that someone elses territory is being approached.many animals rely on smells to mark their territories or leaving droppings around the territories.other animals will be warned off the territory without ever meeting with the territorys defender.sometimes，these warnings may be ignored，and an invader may move accidentally into a neighboring territory，or two animals may meet near the border of their nearby territories.when the two animals meet，they will generally threaten each other with visual (视觉的) displays.these displays will often exaggerate an animals size by putting up feathers or fur，or will show off the animals weapons.the animals may go through all the behavior of fighting without ever actually touching each other.the displays are generally performed best near the center of an animals territory，where it is more likely to attack an invader and where retreating becomes more of a choice.actual fighting usually only happens in overcrowded conditions，when resources are not enough.serious injury can result，and old or sick animals may die，leading to a more balanced population size.under most natural conditions，territoriality is an effective way of maintaining a healthy population.the study of social behaviors such as territoriality in animals may also help us to understand human society.1what topic is the passage mainly involved in?awhat animals territory is usually like.bhow animals deal with different threats.chow animals defend their territory.dwhere animal fights take place frequently.2for most animals，whats their first response to the possible invaders to defend their territory?afighting in groups.bthreatening and warning.cescaping before being hurt.dasking partners for help.3what does the underlined word “exagg