安徽省马鞍山市高考英语阅读理解、动词短语精讲讲练（10）.doc

马鞍山市2014高考英语阅读理解、动词短语精讲讲练（10）及答案athe first harvest means the death of the crops as grain is gathered, and the thanksgiving of the people to the goddesses who provided them with life sustaining grains.late july and early august mark the middle of summer and the beginning of the harvest season. famine (饥荒) was common during july as the previous years harvest supplies were almost totally used up. harvesting grains in august ensured the continuance of life and was recognized by many cultures as a time of thanksgiving.in ancient rome the grain goddess ceres was honored on the first harvest called ceresalia in her honor. our modern word cereal comes from her name. other goddesses celebrated at the first harvest were demeter, persephone, venus and the corn mother. many native american tribes honor the corn grandmother during the festival of green corn. it was held during the full moon when the corn was ready to be harvested. the celebration lasted for several days and was a time to be thankful and a time of forgiveness.lughnasadh was a happy time regarded as the first of three harvest festivals. lughnasadh honors the god lugh, and his fostermother taillte who died while clearing the fields of ireland for agriculture. in old irish lunasa means “august”. the celts celebrate this day from sunset of august 1 to sunset on august 2 as the wake of lugh, the sunking whose light began to decline after the summer solstice(夏至). at_this_time_oaths(誓言)_were_taken_and_contracts_were_signed.this day was known to the saxons as lammas, or loafmass, a time when grains were harvested and baked into bread. the grain was harvested, giving its life so that people might live. the grain was made into bread, and the bread was symbolic of the gods. christians later adopted this holiday as a day when bread, made from the first fruits of the harvest, was brought to the church to be blessed.august is a time to reflect on the past year, on things that have come to fruition and things that failed. a time to let go of regrets and say farewell to things that have passed and preserve all the fruits that have been gathered to hold onto for future memories.5the passage should be entitled _.a. august harvest festivalsb. august traditionc. gathering graind. special august time6what was the significance of harvesting grains in august?a. it welcomed the death of the crops.b. it provided the chance of thanksgiving.c. it guaranteed the continuance of life.d. it marked the middle of summer.7which of the following is not a close relationship according to the passage?a. ancient romansthe grain goddess ceres.b. native americansthe corn grandmother.c. christiansthe god lugh and his fostermother taillte.d. the celtslugh, the sunking.8from the last sentence of the 4th paragraph “at this time oaths were taken and contracts were signed”， we can infer that the celts are _.a. happy at that time b. serious about the dayc. are full of hope d. thankful at that time答案七月底八月初是收获季节的开始，此时收获的粮食保证了生命的延续，人们把这个时候看做是向诸神表示感激的时机，感谢神灵给他们维系生命的粮食。本文介绍古罗马人、土著美洲人、爱尔兰人、凯尔特人、撒克逊人和基督徒为感谢诸神、欢庆丰收而举行的各种丰收节日。5a。考查主题大意。全文介绍了不同地方、不同文化的人们在八月收获季节开展的各种庆祝丰收的节日，从全文内容可知本文的标题应该选a，八月丰收节日。6c。考查细节理解。第二段说，每年七月，饥荒很普遍，因为此时头年收获的粮食已几乎吃完了，而七月底八月初的粮食丰收确保了生命的延续，因此在很多文化里被视为感恩的时候。7c。考查推理判断。第五段说基督徒采用了凯尔特人的节日，而凯尔特人的节日与taillte没有关系，taillte是爱尔兰人在丰收节祭祀的神，因此c项搭配不对，而其他选项都符合文章的叙述：古罗马祭祀司粮女神ceres，土著美洲人缅怀corn grandmother，凯尔特人感激lugh, the sunking。8b。考查推理判断。第四段的语境说到誓言、签署合同、契约，由此判断，他们是非常虔诚地对待这个节日的。*结束 dna(deoxyribonucleic acid)is one of the most important discoveries in science. dna is the plan for the human being, as a blueprint is the plan for a building. dna makes a person look the way he does. a persons dna comes from a mixing of his parents dna. thats why a child looks like his parents. but, besides controlling things such as height and hair color, dna can also give people diseases. scientists are now studying dna to cure diseases.in the seventies, scientists developed a process called recombinant (重新组合) or rdna. although it sounds difficult to understand, rdna simply means taking dna from one animal or plant and putting it into another. by doing so, scientists can create new beings. in so doing, scientists can better understand dna, especially what parts of dna do what. after they understand dna, scientists can begin to cure diseases. often, the new being created will itself be the cure.besides curing diseases, rdna research can also do other things. for example, scientists in japan have already created “supertrees”. trees help humans, because they take co2, which poisons humans, from the air and turn it into oxygen, which lets humans breathe. “supertrees” do this too, but do it much faster. as things such as cars and factories have already put much co2 in the area, “supertrees” are badly needed.unfortunately, there is a serious danger in rdna research. scientists want to create animals to cure old diseases, but these new animals may also create new diseases. it will be a serious problem if the animals escape from the science laboratory and into nature. as these animals are not natural, they may let_loose many new powerful diseases.as a result, rdna research will create many solutions(解决方案), but it will also create many problems.5from the passage, we can know that a boy looks like his parents because _.a. he is son of his parentsb. his parents dna decides his appearancec. he has received dna from his father or his motherd. scientists have put some of his parents dna into him6what does the underlined expression “let loose” probably mean?a. let.go free b. get rid ofc. absorb d. survive7what is the best title for the passage?a. the dan research in japan.b. a new way of dna research in japan.c. the causes and effects of dna research.d. the advantages and disadvantages of rdna.8the following statements are true about rdna research except _.a. the research has been stopped because the created animals carry virusesb. “supertrees” might be widely planted around the worldc. scientists have not completely understood dnad. rdna research will benefit human beings a lot答案说起dna，大家都知道它指的是遗传基因，可你知道什么是rdna吗？本文将带你去探索这个神秘的微观世界。5b。细节理解题。根据第一段第四句和第五句可知孩子之所以看起来像父母是由于父母的dna决定了他的相貌。父母不是把他们的dna以外在形式传递给孩子，因而d项错误。6a。词义猜测题。本段前面提到这种被科学家们创造出来的动物可能会产生新的疾病，所以如果它们从实验室中逃脱，可能会“传播”很多新的可怕的疾病。后三项分别表示“除掉”“吸收”“幸存”，都不符合语境。7d。主旨大意题。文章从第二段开始叙述的都是rdna的优点和缺点，因此本部分内容是文章的中心。8a。细节理解题。此项在文章中没有信息支持。由于“supertrees”能比普通的树更快地吸收二氧化碳，所以能在全世界种植；根据第一段最后一句可知科学家还没有完全理解dna；根据第二段后半部分和第三段前半部分可知d项本身没有错误。高考英语必考动词考点30题大家知道，动词是高考英语中最重要的语法考点，根据近几年的高考试题分析，在单项填空中，动词少则有道(占单选总量的33.3%)，多则有8道(占单选题总量的53.3%)。其中涉及时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、动词辨析、短语动词等。本文拟就对这一考点精编经典试题30道，供同学们考前复习之用。1. when youre learning to drive, _ a good teacher makes a big difference.a. have b. having c. and have d. and having2. anyone _ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.a. seen carry b. seen carrying c. saw to carry d. saw carrying3. any student _ will be disqualified from the exam. a. catchingcheating b. catching to cheat c. caught cheating d. caught to cheat4. to test eggs, _ them in a bowl of water: if they float theyre bad, if they sink theyre good.a. put b. putting c. to put d. to be putting5. she read the letter through before sending it, _ for spelling mistakes.a. checked b. to be checking c. checking d. having checked6. _ this report _ in such a short time was quite a difficult exercise.a. getting, done b. get, done c. to get, to do d. getting, to do7. certainly i posted your letteri remember _ it. a. posting b. to post c. to be posting d. have posted8. i asked the boss for a months holiday and, _ it or not, he agreed.a. believe b. to believe c. believing d. believed9. _ wine, first you must press the grapes.a. making b. to make c. to be makingd. make10. before you decide to leave your job, _ the effect it will have on your family.a. consider b. considering c. to consider d. considered11. “i thought you wouldnt mind.” “well, as a matter of fact i dont, but you _ me first.” a. should ask b. should have askedc. must ask d. must have asked12. that car nearly hit me; i _. a. might be killed b. might have been killed c . may be killed d. may been killed13. you _ practise the drums while the baby is sleeping.a. neednt b. mightnt c. mustnt d. wont 14. you _ him the news; he knew it already.a. neednt tell b. neednt have told c. mightnt tell d. mightnt have told15. “whats her name?” “sorry, i _.” a. forget b. forgot c. had forgottend. am forgetting16. look at that little boy wandering about perhaps he _ his mother.a. will lose b. is losing c. had lost d. has lost17. its good that we _ to the park because its started to rain.a. dont go b. hadnt gone c. didnt go d. wasnt going18. i _ for five minutes; why dont they come?a. am calling b. called c. was callingd. have been calling19. you _ your turn so youll have to wait.a. will miss b. have missed c. are missing d. had missed20. i left my pen on the desk and now its gone; who _ it?a. took b. has taken c. will take d. had taken 21. they havent arrived yet but we _ them at any moment.a. are expected b. have expectedc. are expecting d. will expect22. youll never guess who i met todaymy old teacher! we _ for 20 years.a. dont meetb. havent met c. hadnt met d. couldnt meet23. i think you must be mistaken about seeing him at the theatre; im sure he _ abroad all week.a. is b. was c. has been d. had been24. i tried to phone her, but even as i _ she was leaving the building.a. phoned b. would phone c. had phoned d. was phoning25. we _ to move but are still considering where to go to.a. are deciding b. decided c. have decided d. had decided 26. a red sky in the morning _ to be a sign of bad weather. a. says b. is saying c. has said d. is said27. were so busy that no one in the office can _ for any other work.a. spare b. be spared c. share d. be shared28. all the girls swam in the lake except two, who _ halfway. a. gave off b. gave up c. gave away d. gave out29. if the new arrangement doesnt _, well go back to the old one. a. work over b. work out c. work up d. work down30. my worst fears were _ when i saw what the exam questions were. a. done b. seen c. finished d. realized【答案与解析】1. b when 引导的是时间状语从句，填空句为主句，动名词短语 having a good teacher 为主句主语。2. b anyone seen carrying bags为 anyone who was seen carrying bags 之略，其中过去分词短语 seen carrying bags用作定语修饰代词 anyone。3. c caught cheating 为 who is caught cheating 之省略。同时注意句型：catch sb doing sth (逮住某人做某事)。4. a 句首的 to test eggs 为目的状语，填空句为祈使句谓语，故用动词原形。5. c 现在分词短语在此表示伴随。6. a 注意句子的谓语是 was，getting this report done in such a short time 是动名词短语，用作句子主语。7. a remember doing sth=记住曾经做过的事，remember to do sth=记住要做的事。8. a believe it or not 是习语，用作插入语，其中的 believe 只用原形。9. b to make wine 为目的状语。10. a before 引导的是时间状语从句，填空句为主句，而此主句为一祈使句，故动词用原形。下面五题也都选a，道理是一样的：(1) before you send the letter, _ with bill to see if the address is right.a. check b. to check c. checking d. checked(2) if the car wont start, _ it.a. try pushing b. try push c. to try pushing d. to