高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Inventors and inventions素材 新人教版选修8.doc

unit 3 inventors and inventions话题词汇1breakthrough n突破；重大进展2convenience n便利；方便3electronic adj.电子的4intelligent adj.智能的5invention n发明；创造6technical adj.技术的；工艺的7be in the lead领先8follow the fashion追随时尚9in the field of science在科学领域10with the development of 随着的发展经典语篇(2014湖南)学校正在组织科技创新大赛，你想为日常生活中某件物品(如钢笔、书包、鞋子)设计添加新功能来参赛。请以“my magic _”为题写一篇英语短文，介绍你的创意。内容：1.说明设计理由；2介绍新功能。注意：词数不少于120个。 佳作欣赏my magic water bottlemy magic water bottle will be a replacement of the traditional one which can change the temperature of the inside water automatically according to the changes of the outer environment.there are certain factors i take into account on my new invention.for one thing，traditional_water_bottle_makes_it_inconvenient_for_travelers_to_have_a_comfortable_drink_anytime_and_anywhere. for another，drinking_too_cold_or_too_hot_water_does_nothing_but_harm_to_our_health， so my magic water bottle can serve as an assistant or a doctor.the new functions will win my magic water bottle enormous love and popularity.on the one hand，the automatic temperaturecontrolling system mentioned above can adjust the water temperature.on the other hand，we can set a desirable temperature for the inside water，and what_surprises_us_most_is_that_the_water_can_remain_at_that_temperature_for_about_20_hours. 思维发散1仿照第句用it作形式宾语翻译句子他们过去形成一个规则，每月底在一起聚会一次。they_used_to_make_it_a_rule_to_meet_and_have_a_party_at_the_end_of_a_month.2仿照第句用动名词作主语翻译句子早睡早起对年轻人来说是个好习惯。going_to_bed_early_and_getting_up_early_is_a_good_habit_for_the_young.3按要求改写第句(1)it_surprises_us_most_that the water can remain at that temperature for about 20 hours.(it作形式主语)(2)the water can remain at that temperature for about 20 hours，which_surprises_us_most.(非限定性定语从句).重点单词a写作单词1seize (vt.)抓住；捉住；夺 2file (n.)文件；档案；文件夹；(vt.)提交；将归档3bear (vt.)忍受；忍耐；负担4tap (vt.& vi.)轻打；轻拍；轻敲；(n.)轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头5passive (adj.)被动的；消极的；被动语态的 6associate (vt.)联想；联系；(n.)同伴；伙伴association (n.)联盟；社团；联想7current (n.)(水或气)流；电流；(adj.)现在的；当前的currency (n.)货币；通货8freezing (adj.)冰冻的；严寒的freeze (vt.& vi.)冻结；凝固9convenient (adj.)便利的；方便的；就近的convenience (n.)方便；便利10practical (adj.)实际的；实践的；实用的practically (adv.)实际上；事实上practice (vt.& vi.& n)实践；练习b阅读单词11stainless (adj.)无锈的；不锈的；没有污点的12valid (adj.)有效的；确凿的13ripe (adj.)熟的；成熟的14dial (vt.)拨(电话)15dynamic (adj.)充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的16abrupt (adj.)突然的；意外的17extension (n.)电话分机；扩大；延伸18jam (n.)堵塞；阻塞；果酱19merciful (adj.)宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的mercy (n.)仁慈；慈悲；宽容20product (n.)产品produce (vt.)生产21cube (n.)立方体；立方cubic (adj.)立方的22caution (n.)小心；谨慎cautious (adj.)小心的；谨慎的23expectation (n.)预料；期待；期望expect (vt.& vi.)预料；期待；期望24distinguish (vi.& vt.)显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别distinguished (adj.)卓越的；杰出的；著名的；高贵的；有尊严的25merry (adj.)愉快的；高兴的merrily (adv.)高兴地；愉快地26identification (n.)鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明identify (vt.)确认；识别；鉴别identified (adj.)被识别的；经鉴定的27innocent (adj.)清白的；无罪的；天真的innocence (n.)清白；无罪；天真28stable (adj.)稳固的；稳定的；安定的stability (n.)稳定；安定；稳定性29competence (n.)能力；胜任；本领competent (adj.)能胜任的；有能力的；称职的30personnel (n.)人力资源；人事部；全体人员personal (adj.)个人的；身体的；亲自的personality (n.)个性；品格.重点短语1call_up给打电话2now_and_then偶尔；有时3set_about开始；着手4dive_into迅速把手伸入；一心投入5set_out_(to_do)开始(做)6hang_on不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住7out_of_order次序颠倒；发生故障8get_through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过9ring_back回复电话10ring_off挂断电话.经典句式1prepared_with_some_research_findings，i decided on three possible approaches：.经过一番研究准备之后，我决定了三种可能的方法：2only after you have had that recognition can_you_say that you are truly an inventor.只有你获得那种认证之后，你才能说你是一个真正的发明者。3but once_picked_up，they tried to bite me.但是它们一旦被捡起来，就试图咬我。4.follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you_will_have_something_worth_thinking_about to occupy your mind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西盘踞着你的头脑。.课文语法填空1when the writer called up her mother in the countryside 2.on the phone，she learned that snakes came near their house and 3.that the snakes seemed to have made their home near their house.the writer felt proud and considered 4.it a chance for her to distinguish herself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.she set about 5.researching(research) the habits of snakes.she decided to cool them so that they could be easily caught.6.however，her first two plans were not successful.as 7.a result，she had to attempt a 8.third time，which helped her fulfill her aim 9.successfully(success)she was so delighted that she 10.was_determined(determine) to send her invention to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea.1. distinguish v.区分；辨别；分清(recognize the difference between)；成为的特征(be characteristic)；使有别于应试指导distinguished作为高级词汇替换famous(1)distinguish.from.使别于的特征distinguish between.and.区分和(2)distinguished adj.著名的；卓著的；高贵的be distinguished for因而出名(3)distinguishing adj.有区别的(1)it is necessary to distinguish the policies of two successive governments.分清前后两届政府的政策很有必要。(2)its important to distinguish right from wrong.辨别是非很重要。(3)research suggests that babies learn to see by distinguishing between areas of light and dark.研究表明婴儿通过辨别光亮和黑暗的区域来学会看东西。多维训练(1)用distinguish的正确形式填空distinguished guests and friends，welcome to our school.the bird has no distinguishing features.(2)同义句改写he was distinguished for his knowledge of economics and was elected as head of the economic school.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)distinguished_for_his_knowledge_of_economics，he_was_elected_as_head_of_the_economic_school.2. bear vt.承受；忍耐；运送；生(孩子)多词一义bear，stand，tolerate，put up withbear doing/to do.忍受做bear sb./sb.s doing.容忍某人做bear sb.to do.忍受某人做keep/bear sth.in mind牢记(1)they will have to bear the misery of living in constant fear of war.他们不得不忍受长期生活在战争恐惧中的痛苦。(2)bear in mind that success comes from hard work.记住：成功来自于努力。特别提醒(1)bear表示“容忍，忍耐”时多与can/could连用，且多用于否定句和疑问句中。(2)bear的过去分词形式，作“生育，生产”讲时用borne；作“出生”或“出身”时用born。多维训练(1)单句语法填空mary has_borne him six sons and the eldest son was_born in 1970.(bear)he cant bear being_laughed/to_be_laughed(laugh) at.i cant bear him treating/to_treat(treat) his parents like that.(2)一句多译那个妇女已生了两个孩子。the_woman_has_borne_two_children.(bear)the_woman_has_given_birth_to_two_children.(birth)the_woman_has_been_delivered_of_two_children.(deliver)3. associate vt.& vi.(在思想上)把联在一起；使结合在一起；交往；n.c伙伴；合伙人(1)associate.with.把和联系起来be associated with和有关associate with和交往或打交道(2)association nc协会；社团；u联合；结合；交往in association with和联合(1)he is closely associated in the public mind with horror movies.在公众心目中，他总是和恐怖电影紧密联系在一起。(2)i dont like you associating with such people.我不喜欢你和那些人混在一起。(3)man is a social animal.he finds his fulfillment in association with others.人是社会性动物，在与他人的交往中寻找满足感。多维训练(1)单句语法填空never associate with bad companions.in the childrens minds，summer is_associated(associate) with picnics.we are working in association(associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless.the first step to making friends is associating(associate) with other people.(2)同义句改写he was associated with the murder，so he was arrested.associated_with_the_murder，he_was_arrested.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)associating_himself_with_the_murder，he_was_arrested.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)4 .seize v.抓住；捉住；夺取；把握；逮捕多维训练(1)单句语法填空before he could run away，she seized him by the collar.(2)完成句子抓住这个机会，你会成功的。seize_the_chance and youll succeed.当地报纸迫不及待地对这些传闻加以炒作。the rumors were_eagerly_seized_upon by the local press.5. call up给打电话(ring up)；征召入伍(draft)；使回忆起(recall)多维训练(1)写出下列句子中call up的汉语意思when im in pittsburgh，i call him up.给打电话youngsters coming up to university were being called up.征召入伍the sound of happy laughter called up memories of his childhood.使回忆起(2)短语填空the picnic was called_off because of the rain.lets stop off and call_on tim and his family.these pictures call_up memories of those beautiful days when they stayed in hainan during the summer holiday.the worried mother posted the letter of asking for help online，calling_for kind netizens to help her find her missing son.6. get through完成；通过；接通电话；度过(时间)；仔细检查多维训练写出下列句子中get through的汉语意思(1)i couldnt have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.度过(2)ms.chen is going through the students papers.仔细检查(3)i tried to ring my girlfriend but i couldnt get through.接通电话(4)lets start；theres a lot of work to get through.完成(5)do you think the bill will get through parliament？通过7. follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中你就会发现某种值得思考的东西盘踞着你的头脑。句型公式：祈使句and/or/otherwise陈述句“祈使句and/or/otherwise陈述句”为常见句型。该结构中的祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句，所以用一般将来时。在该句型中，祈使句有时也可用名词短语表示。(1)quit smoking，or you may ruin your health.要戒烟，否则你会毁了自己的健康。(2)one more effort，and youll succeed.再努力一下，你就会成功。多维训练(1)单句语法填空give me a chance，and ill give you a wonderful surprise.seize the chance，or/otherwise you wont have one any more.(2)同义句改写lend her a hand，and she will be grateful to you.(用含有条件句的复合句改写)if_you_lend_her_a_hand，she_will_be_grateful_to_you.work hard，and you will succeed.(用现在分词短语作状语改写) working_hard，you_will_succeed. .语境填词1although this result may not surprise you，it leads to important practical(实用的) advice.(2015江苏)2i have a preference for wild release，because it is very convenient(方便的) for the other persons who want to read books.(2015重庆)3there is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent(清白的)，is there？(2012江苏)4the elephant seized(抓住) a nearby branch and put it into her mouth.(2014重庆)5for internet universities，exams and diplomas will be valid(有效的) if they can defeat academic cheating.(2013广东).单句语法填空1the first thing that he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow.(2015北京)2video games can be a poor influence if left(leave) in the wrong hands.(2015湖南)3one of the families moving in was the brenninkmeijers，currently(current) the wealthiest family of the netherlands.(2015湖北)4it also includes related skills such as distinguishing fact from opinion and assessing the soundness of evidence.(2011北京)5seen(see) from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.(2010陕西)6should we allow modern buildings to_be_built(build) next to older buildings in a historic area of a city？(2014安徽) 7only after talking to two students did(do) i discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.(2015湖南)8people select news in expectation(expect) of a reward.(2015江苏)9in recent years，nepal set out to_attract(attract) foreign visitors to fund developments in health and education.(2013江西)10we associate piggy banks with children，but in many countries，the little containers are also popular with adults.(2014浙江).短语填空1who knew that so many years later i would look to dr.bernie and his cds again to get_through my own cancer experience？(2015江苏)2armed with the information you have gathered，you can set_about preparing your business plan.(2012浙江)3now_and_then we slowly pulled one kite back，watching it dancing up and down in the wind.(2011浙江)4find something，dive_into it，take the good parts，skip the bad parts，get what you can out of it，go on to something else.(2015浙江)5i would like you to meet the fellow who is_distinguished_for being the worst boy in this county.(2010江苏)6if you know that your worklife balance is out_of_order then you need to change that.完成句子1直到20世纪英国才成为历史上第一个城市社会。it_was_not_until_the_20th_century_that great britain became the first urban society in history.(2013北京)2站在那里你将会看得更清楚。stand over there and_youll_be_able_to_see_it_better.(2015天津例题)3只有当他为自己的无礼道歉时，我才会再和他说话。only when he apologizes for his rudeness will_i_speak_to_him again.(2013江西)4当儿子出生时凯茜就已辞去了工作，以便能够待在家里抚养孩子。cathy had quit her job when her son was born so_that_she_could_stay_home_and_raise_her_family.(2014浙江)5实验表明，如果有规律地进行适量的运动(锻炼)，会改善我们的健康。the experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise，if carried_out_regularly，can improve our health.(2010浙江)写作素材(关于专利)1thomas先生是一个谨慎的商人，他的产品获得了专利。2但是，后来他发现他的产品没有达到标准。3他抓住机会着手来改善产品。4他希望自己的产品能经受得住检验。5他也希望他的收入会稳定增长。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用who引导的定语从句，that引导的宾语从句。连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)mr.thomas，who was a cautious businessman，got a patent for his products.but later he found his products didnt live up to their criteria.he seized the chance and set out to improve them.he expected that his products could bear the tests and that his income would have a stable increase.阅读理解awe know the famous onesthe thomas edisons and the alexander graham bellsbut what about the less famous inventors？what about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper (雨刮器)？shouldnt we know who they are?joan mclean thinks so.in fact，mclean，a professor of physics at mountain university in range，feels so strongly about this matter that shes developed a course on the topic.in addition to learning “who” invented “what”，however，mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and “how” questions.according to mclean，“when students learn the answers to these questions，they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”her students agree.one young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of mcleans statement.“if i had not heard the story of the windshield wipers invention，” said tommy lee，a senior physics major，“i never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive.” lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer.so，just what is the story behind the windshield wiper？well，mary anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to new york city.the day was cold and stormy，but anderson still wanted to see the sights，so she jumped aboard a streetcar.noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield，she found herself wondering why there couldnt be a builtin device for cleaning the window.still wondering about this when she returned home to birmingham，alabama，anderson started drafting out solutions.one of her ideas，a lever (操作杆) on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside，became the first windshield wiper.today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.its hard to imagine driving without garrett amorgans traffic light.its equally impossible to picture a world without katherine jblodgetts innovation that makes glass invisible.can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?1by mentioning “traffic light” and “windshield wiper”，the author indicates that countless inventions are .abeneficial，because their inventors are famousbbeneficial，though their inventors are less famouscnot useful，because their inventors are less famousdnot useful，though their inventors are famous答案b解析推理判断题。由文章最后一段第一句“today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.”可知信号灯和雨刮器这些小的发明使我们受益。由第一段可知信号灯和雨刮器等的发明者不怎么出名，故选b项。2professor joan mcleans course aims to .aadd colour and variety to students campus lifebinform students of the windshield wipers inventionccarry out the requirements by mountain universitydprepare students to try their own inventions答案d解析细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“when students learn the answers to these questions，they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”可知应选d项。3tommy lees invention of the unbreakable umbrella was .anot eventually accepted by the umbrella producerbinspired by the story behind the windshield wipercdue to his dream of being caught in a rainstormdnot related to professor joan mcleans lectures答案b解析细节理解题。由第三段中tommy lee的话“if i had not heard the story of the windshield wipers invention.i never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive.”可知他的发明是因为受到了雨刮器的发明故事的启发。4which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?ahow to help students to sell their inventions to producers?bhow to design a builtin device for cleaning the window?cshouldnt we know who invented the windshield wiper?dshouldnt we develop invention courses in universities?答案c解析标题归纳题。全文讲述一些小的发明，虽不为人知，却非常有益，借以鼓励年轻人要善于把握发明的契机，故选c项。其他选项都比较片面。bgive your students control over their own learning experience at the natural history museum with the selfled activities.school bookingsall school activities must be booked in advance.to book，please call our school bookings line between 08：3016：00，monday to friday during termtime，or 10：0013：00 during the school holidays.this activity has curriculum(课程) links appropriate for ks3，ks4 and post16 students.bury yourself in the cocoon experience，a brand new journey through the darwin centre.this interactive and visually stunning experience will inspire your students to look at the variety of life in a different way.find out how we store，care for and use our 20 million insects and plants specimens(标本) and discover some of the stories behind the scenes.*who were the first collectors and how did their methods differ from modern day scientists?*how do scientists organize，classify and name specimens?*why is our collection so valuable for research and how do we share it with the world?*what do molecular(分子的) techniques tell us about our specimens and how is this helping in the fight against malaria(疟疾)?discover the answers to these questions and more through a series of interactive(交互式的) exhibits，which allow you to collect inform