湖南省湘潭市高考英语完形填空和阅读理解暑假选练（10）.doc

湖南省湘潭市2016高考英语完形填空和阅读理解暑假选练（10）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a.b.c和d项中，选出最佳选项。in parts of africa, the sky is filled with a dark cloud. but this is no rain cloud. it is a living cloud made of billions of locusts that are traveling across the continent eating everything in their path.and in the battle to stop this disaster, a radio station in senegal, west africa, is offering listeners 50 kilograms of rice if they can catch and kill 50 kilograms of locusts. the radio station is in one of senegals worst affected regions.this is west africas biggest locust disaster in 15 years, and it is moving east, causing huge damage to crops. as they move, they breed, and increase their number and will soon threaten sudan in the northeast of africa. some say it could reach asia.experts say the great damage to crops in areas already suffering from food shortages and war could cause many people to go hungry. governments in the region are not well equipped to fight the pest.although leaders of 12 countries have agreed on a plan, it is not expected to be enough. “we are now treating 6,000 hectares per day with pesticide, but we need to treat 20,000 hectares per day in order to have any hope of controlling this disaster,” said mohamed abdallahi ould babah, director of locust control in mauritania.requests are being made for international aid, which is the only way to limit the crisis, the uns food and agriculture organization warned.1. the purpose of offering people rice for catching locusts in senegal is _.a. to get more people to eat rice so as to leave less for locustsb. to get more people involved in the war on the locustsc. to prevent more people from starvationd. to get more people to listen to the radio report on locusts2. which of the following is not the reason for west africans going hungry?a. locust disaster causes the great damage to crops.b. food supply is far from the need of the people.c. these regions are affected by the war.d. governments are unwilling to fight the pest.3. it can be concluded that, in order to end the locust disaster, _.a. leaders of 12 countries in west africa should call on their people to take actionb. insects experts should be sent to these regionsc. other countries outside africa should keep close watch on their own landsd. help from all over the world is in urgent demand4. what does the passage mainly talk about?a. food shortage in africa. b. international aid to africa.c. the insects attack on africa. d. terrible storm in africa.1. b 推测题。根据第二段意义，广播电台向听众悬赏捕杀蝗虫。可推测出其目的是让更多的人参与到救灾行动中来。2. d 细节理解题。根据第四段意义：专家称一些地区本来就食品匮乏，并饱受战火之苦，而灾害给农作物产量造成的损失更是雪上加霜。许多人因此而挨饿。3. d 推理题。根据短文最后一段的意义：国际社会施以援手是抑制灾情的唯一方法。由此推理可得“国际援助迫在眉睫”。4. c 主旨题。根据短文第一段的描述及下文的阐发可看出本文的主题是“非洲西部的虫灾”。阅读理解。chemicals used for industrial processes often create dangerous forms of waste. the amount of these chemicals has risen heavily in the past few years, as more areas of the world industrialize and new products are produced. over 80,000 different chemicals are used in industries world-wide. around the world hundreds of millions of tons of harmful waste are produced each year. often, it is difficult and expensive to get rid of these chemicals or to store them in a way that does not endanger human life and the environment.every year, major health problems result from harmful waste. sadly, it is often after someone has died or, become seriously ill that governments will take actions and reduce levels of dumped（倾倒的）harmful waste. in 1989, a school in new jersey had to be closed because students there had suffered too much exposure（暴露）to chromium（铬）. it was later learned that large amounts of chromium had been dumped nearby and blown over to the school area.research has been done to provide information on the effects of every chemical. because waste chemicals often mix together, it will also be necessary to learn how the combinations of these chemicals affect human health.some governments have realized how serious the problem is and are making laws to get rid of harmful waste. they are also trying to limit the amount of waste industries are allowed to produce.not only governments but the public as well must form part of the solution. they can choose not to buy those products which require the production of harmful waste, attempt to affect policymakers, and produce less harmful waste themselves. many scientists think that waste production can be cut. the waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.1. what is mainly discussed in the text?a. the effect of every chemical.b. problems of harmful waste.c. chemicals used for industrial processes.d. events related to waste chemicals.答案解析：答案为b。本题为主旨大意题。文章先陈述工业生产过程中使用化学物产生的有害垃圾所导致的问题，并举例证明，最后探讨解决这一问题的方案。在第一段的首句 “chemicals used for industrial processes often create dangerous forms of waste.”和最后一句 “often, it is difficult and expensive to get rid of these chemicals or to store them in a way that does not endanger human life and the environment.”都是在指出有害垃圾这一严峻的问题。故答案为b。2. from the text we know that .a. chromium can poison people when there is a wind b. chromium pollution makes the local government close the school c. some governments dont realize how serious the problems are until people suffer a lot from harmful waste d. about two-thirds of the waste can pollute the environment 答案解析：答案为c。本题为细节推理题。从第二段的第三句话 “in 1989, a school in new jersey had to be closed because students there had suffered too much exposure（暴露）to chromium（铬）.”可知，学校不得不被迫关闭是由于学生暴露在倾倒的垃圾铬之中，生命受到了威胁，故答案为c “ 直到人们饱受有害废弃垃圾的危害，政府才意识到问题的严重性。b选项只是文章的细节，属于表面现象；c选项真正概括了问题的本质，是通过细节推理出的总结性答案。故选c。从第二段的最后一句话 “it was later learned that large amounts of chromium had been dumped nearby and blown over to the school area.”可知，铬威胁着人的生命是由于 “dumped nearby and blown over” 即 “倾倒而被风吹拂”, 而不仅仅由于风，故a选项错误。d选项与文章最后一句话 “the waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.”不符。3. which of the following least matches the solution the writer refers to?a. chemicals used for industrial processes should be banned.b. people can make use of the existing technologies and methods to reduce the waste.c. policymakers make laws to limit the production of harmful waste.d. people choose not to buy products which may produce harmful waste.答案解析：答案为a。本题考查作者的观点态度。解答此题需看清题意 “哪个选项与作者提到的解决方案最不匹配?” 从文章的最后一段最后一句话 “the waste can be reduced by at least one-third using existing technologies and methods.” 可知，b选项正确；从最后一段 “they can choose not to buy those products which require the production of harmful waste, attempt to affect policymakers, and produce less harmful waste themselves.” 可知，作者的态度是号召政府与公众不买生产有害垃圾的产品；政策制定者可以生产较少的有害垃圾，而非禁止工业生产过程中使用化学物品。故c、d是正确的，a选项与作者的态度最不匹配。4. the writer of the text thinks that .a. governments should have forbidden the production of waste chemicals b. mixed waste chemicals can always be stored without endangering people c. industries must not produce waste chemicals which harm people so much d. everyone can do something to help solve the problem of waste chemicals 答案解析：答案为d。本题考查作者的观点态度。结合上题分析，作者认为应该限制和减少有害化学物的生产，而不是a选项的禁止，也不是c选项的不允许生产，故a、c不正确；b选项在文章中未提及， always 一词也使得该选项太绝对，故不选。只有d选项才是作者的观点：人人都可以帮助解决有害化学物的问题。故答案为d。阅读理解。joan chen is famous both in china, where she grew up, and in the united states，where she now lives. how did joan become a famous actress in two countries? its an interesting story.joan chen was born in shanghai in 1961. when she was 14, some people from a film studio (制片厂) came to her school and chose her to study at the studio. she was happy about this chance, but mainly she liked the idea of getting out of school. soon, however she discovered that she really liked acting. at age 18, she won the golden rooster, chinas top film prize.in the late 1970s, joans parents, who were doctors, moved to the united states. joan joined them when she was 20 and went to college there. her parents hoped she would study medicine. instead, she majored in film and later looked for work as an actress. to work in the united states, joan had to start all over again. she told hollywood that she was an actress in china, but she only got some small parts in tv shows.one day joan went to speak to a director who was making a movie called tai - pan. the interview didnt go well. as she walked away, a man in a car noticed her. the man was dino delaurntiis, the films producer. he immediately offered her a leading part. a year later, she started in bernardo bertoluccis the last emperor and was on her way to worldwide fame.1. what was turn about joan chen when she was 14?a. some people came to her school and chose her as an actress.b. she liked to study at the studio just because she wanted to be famous.c. the most important reason for her going to the studio was that she wouldnt like to stay at school.d. she found she was fond of acting even before she was 14. 答案解析：答案为c。本题为细节推理题。由第二段 “when she was 14, some people from a film studio came to her school and chose her to study at the studio”可知，a错误；由 “but mainly she liked the idea of getting out of school”可以推断，她不喜欢呆在学校, 故b选项不正确，c选项正确；由 “soon, however she discovered that she really liked acting.” 可知，d选项错误。2. when did she move to the states?a. in the late 1970s. b. after she graduated from college.c. in the late 1980s. d. in the early 1980s.答案解析：答案为d。本题为数字计算题。由第三段的第一、二句 “in the late 1970s, joans parents, who were doctors, moved to the united states. joan joined them when she was 20 and went to college there.”可以推断，1961年出生的joan chen，20岁去美国上大学，此时应该是1981年，故答案为d。3. the interview with a director _.a. made her on the way to being famous in the worldb. led to no immediate good resultc. made her play a leading part in tai - pand. gave her a chance to act in the last emperor答案解析：答案为b。本题为推断题。从最后一段 “the interview didnt go well.” 可知， c选项不正确；由 “he immediately offered her a leading part. a year later, she started in bernardo bertoluccis the last emperor and was on her way to worldwide fame.”可知，joan chen出演主角是在一年后，并开始走向世界范围内的成功之路，故a，d不正确；答案为b ，参加director的面试并没立刻产生好的效果。【2014高考英语广东省华侨中学四模】完形填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1-15各题所给的abc和d项中，选出最佳选项。life is filled with challenges. as we get older we come to realize that those challenges are the very things that _1_ us and make us who we are. it is the same with the challenges that come with _2_.when we are faced with a challenge, we usually have two _3_. we can try to beat it off, or we can decide that the thing _4_ the challenge isnt worth the _5_ and call it quits. although there are _6_ times when calling it quits is the right thing to do, in most _7_ all that is needed is _8_ and communication.when we are committed to something, it means that no matter how _9_ or how uncomfortable something is, we will always choose to _10_ it and work it through instead of running away from it. communication is making a _11_ for discussion and talking about how you feel as opposed to just saying what the