英语自考本科高级英语笔记-下册-Lesson Ten 2.xls

Page 1 of 19Lesson Ten Lesson Ten How Market Leaders Keep Their Edge Words and Expressions 1adept adj 熟练的 精通的Having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude be adept at擅长 精于 2adherent n 支持者 拥护者Someone who believes and helps to spread the doctrine of another 3ante n 赌金 the initial contribution that each player makes to the pot 4assortment n 各式各样A collection containing a variety of sorts of things This shop has a good assortment of goods to choose from assorted adj 各式各样的 Of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity He bought a pound of assorted toffees 什锦太妃糖 5attribute v 归因于Attribute to a source or cause I attributed my success to hard work attributable adj 可归因于的Capable of being attributed His progress is attributable to diligence attribution n 所归属之物Assigning to a cause or source 6billing n 账款Request for payment of a debt 7carrier n 承运人Someone whose employment involves carrying something Page 2 of 19Lesson Ten 8commercialize vt 使商品化Make commercial 9disposable contact lenses一次性隐形眼镜 10 consultation n 咨询The act of referring 11 contingency n 偶发事件A possible event or occurrence or result We are prepared for all contingencies contingent adj 偶然的 意外的Possible but not certain to occur It is only a contingent advantage 12 dabble vi 涉猎 涉足Dip a foot or hand briefly into a liquid 13 deliberate v 仔细考虑Think about carefully weigh We are deliberating whether to buy a new car deliberation n 慎重考虑 商讨Careful consideration After long deliberation they decided to buy a new house 14 differentiate v 区别 分别Mark as different Coloring often differentiates the sexs in birds differentiation n 区别 差别A discrimination made between things as different It s not easy to discover their differentiation 15 domain n 范围 领域 领地A particular environment or walk of life 16 empower vt 授权 允许Give or delegate power to Page 3 of 19Lesson Ten 17 engender vt 造成 产生某种情况Call forth 18 entrepreneur n 企业家Someone who organizes a business venture and assumes the risk for it The famous entrepreneur donated ten thousand dollars to his hometown entrepreneurial adj 企业家的Of or relating to an entrepreneur His company became a market leader because of his entrepreneurial foresight 19 excel v 胜过 优于 Distinguish oneself 20 fine tune vt 微调Adjust finely 21 footwear n 脚上穿用之物的总称Clothing worn on a person s feet 22 glitch n 轻微的缺陷 瑕疵 A fault or defect in a system or machine 23 guru n 受尊敬的领袖 A mentor in spiritual and philosophical topics 24 hassle n 麻烦 困难 挣扎An angry disturbance hassle freeadj 省事的 没有困难的 25 incur vt 遭受 蒙受 负债 Receive a specified treatment abstract 26 inventory n 库存 库存商品A detailed list of all the items in stock 27 leapfrog v 蛙跳 越过Jump across 28 merchandise n 商品 货物的总称Commodities offered for sale 29 mold n 模式 模型 形状 The distinctive form in which a thing is made 30 momentum n 势头 劲头An impelling force or strength Page 4 of 19Lesson Ten 31 mundane adj 平凡的 世俗的Found in the ordinary course of events 32 obsolete adj 过时的Old no longer in use or valid or fashionable 33 ophthalmologist n 眼科医师 眼科专家A medical doctor specializing in the treatment of diseases of the eye 34 optimize vt 使最优化Make optimal get the most out of use best 35 optimum adj 最适宜的 最有效的Most desirable possible under a restriction expressed or implied 36 parent n 母公司 one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child a relative who plays the role of guardian 37 parity n 同等 同量 价值对等Functional equality 38 pharmaceutical adj 制药的 药物 学 的Of or relating to pharmacy or pharmacists The factory wants to hire several pharmaceutical workers pharmaceutical n 药物A pharmaceutical product pharmaceutics n 制药学The art and science of preparing and dispensing drugs and medicines It is difficult to learn pharmaceutics well pharmaceutist n 药剂师 药商 39 peddle v 贩卖 兜售Sell or offer for sale from place to place 40 pin vt 归因于 Attach with or as if with a pin 41 pitch vt 投 扔 抛 Throw or toss with a light motion 42 proposition n 建议 主张A proposal offered for acceptance or rejection 43 relentlessly adv 不屈不挠地 无情地In a relentless manner Page 5 of 19Lesson Ten He pursues his goal relentlessly relentless adj 无情的 不懈的Never ceasing relent v 怜悯 发慈悲 减弱Give in as to influence or pressure We will never relent toward the enemy 44 reside vi 居住 存在于 属于Make one s home or live in 45 retention n 保留 被留存The act of keeping in your possession 46 scout vt 侦查 寻找 搜索 Get the lay of the land 47 sophisticated adj 富有经验的Intellectually appealing She seems very sophisticated for her age sophisticate v 使文雅 使懂世故Make less natural or innocent sophisticate n 文雅的人 懂世故的人A worldly wise person Jerry is a sophisticate sophistication n 老练 文雅 The quality or character of being intellectually sophisticated through cultivation or experience or disillusionment 48 stake vt 赌 以 为赌注 Place a bet on stake on把 赌在 上面 49 state of the artadj 最先进的 最现代化的 50 subsidiary n 子公司A company that is completely controlled by another company 51 tailor vt 当裁缝 适应 适合 Make fit for a specific purpose Page 6 of 19Lesson Ten 52 test marketingn 试销 53 tinkerer n 无技术的工人 修补匠 54 tip n 消息 忠告An indication of potential opportunity 55 trade show商业展览 展销会 56 vengeance n 报仇 报复The act of taking revenge with a vengeance彻底地 过分地 57 vested interest既得利益 58 via prep 经过 凭借 By way of 59 wearability n 耐用 耐用性 They have not only extended the wearability but also improved the performance of their products wearable adj 适宜穿戴的Suitable for wear or able to be worn The old hat is no longer wearable wearer n 穿戴者 佩戴者 One that wears or carries or displays something as a body covering or accessory 60 compete v 竞争 比赛 Compete for something engage in a contest measure oneself against others 61 rigorous adj 严格的 严厉的Rigidly accurate allowing no deviation from a standard 62 shrewd adj 精明的Marked by practical hardheaded intelligence 63 sprinkle v 洒 喷A light shower that falls in some locations and not others nearby 64 hum v exploit 由由于于 而而获获益益 利利用用 He capitalized on the trust of his boss and succeed at last 25 Vistakon s speedy response engendered goodwill in the marketplace Vistakon s quick response produced goodwill in the marketplace Goodwill is the privilege of a successful company with a good relationship with its customers It is considered to be part of the assets of a company 26 Product leaders have a vested interest in protecting the entrepreneurial environment A vested interest is a special interest or advantage gained from an existing system or situation An entrepreneurial enviroment is the enviroment that is suitable for entrepreneurs to display their abilities 产产品品先先锋锋们们对对保保护护他他们们所所建建造造的的企企业业环环境境保保有有既既得得的的利利益益 27 They no sooner cross a frontier than they are scouting the next A frontier when used figuratively means an undeveloped area or an extreme limit of something To cross a frontier here implies developing a new product As sooner as they finish developing a new product they are looking for ways to develop something newer Page 15 of 19Lesson Ten 28 They must be adept at rendering obsolete the products and sevices they have created They must be extremely good at making their own products and services out of date This impliese that they constantly do innovation on their own products and services 29 The customer intimate company makes a business of knowing the people it sells to The company considers it their serious job to know the people it sells to 30 The customer intimate company s greatest asset is its customers loyalty Customer s loyalty is most important to the customer intimate company 与与顾顾客客关关系系密密切切的的公公司司的的最最大大的的资资产产是是其其顾顾客客对对它它的的忠忠心心 31 Cable Wireless a long distance carrier is a good example of a company that is better than most at building relationships that pay off in repeat sales from loyal customers Cable Wireless a long distance carrier is better than most companies at building intimate relationships with its customers As a result many customers are loyal to the company and continue to buy its products and services That is the reward the relationships bring back to the company to pay off to bring a reward to prove worthwhile or to make profit Page 16 of 19Lesson Ten 32 The company attributes its 20 annual growth rate in number of long distance customer minutes to its striving continuously to serve customers better than bigger companies The company has a 20 yearly growth rate in number of minutes used by its long distance customers The company holds that this growth rate is the result of its continuous great efforts to serve customers better than big companies to attribute something to something else to think that something is the result of or comes from something else 33 The result is that Cable Wireless has turned itself from a mundane commodity business peddling long distance service into a sophisticated telemanager Cable Wireless used to be an ordinary commodity enterprise providing long distance service on a small scale Now it has become an advanced and experienced company knowing how to manage telecommunications business 34 Cable Wireless pins its success on choosing the customers it can serve best Cable Wireless attaches its success to choosing the customers it can serve best 35 The key is to segment the market vertically 关关键键是是划划分分市市场场 to segment the market vertically suggests the idea of dividing the market in such a way as to enable your product or Page 17 of 19Lesson Ten service to meet the needs of a particular group of customers The market can be thus segmented in several ways such as in age group 36 This enables the company to pitch specific customers with specialized services 这这样样做做可可以以使使公公司司选选定定特特定定的的顾顾客客群群并并提提供供特特殊殊的的服服务务 pitch here means provide 37 Top management empowers all employees to make sophisticated decisions Top managers give offical power to all employees who work with customers to make complex decisions 38 Pricing was once the domain of corporate pricing gurus Pricing used to be a special area for corporate pricing experts Only they knew how to do pricing 39 as the ante has risen in their market they ve improved their cost structure As the competition becomes fiercer and fiercer in their markets they have to improve their cost structure that is to lower their cost 40 They ve kept up with rising parity levels to stay in the game They have kept up with rising levels of parity prices 对对等等价价格格 平平价价 so that they can stay in the competition Page 18 of 19Lesson Ten 41 They have not traveled past competence to reach excellence They have not made use of their past competence to reach excellence in any one dimension 他他们们没没有有超超越越过过去去的的能能力力权权限限以以达达到到优优异异 42 if you decide to play an average game to dabble in all areas if you decide not to excel but to perform on an average level to do things in an unprofessional manner in all areas 43 With Nike the superior value does not reside just in its athletic footwear Nike s great value not only lies in its sportswear reside in be the property of be present