人人文库网 > 图纸下载 > 毕业设计 > 载货汽车前空气悬架的结构设计【3张CAD图纸+毕业论文】

外文翻译--电子系统-其他辅助设备的缺点和问题.doc

载货汽车前空气悬架的结构设计【3张CAD图纸+毕业论文】

资源目录

载货汽车前空气悬架的结构设计【3张CAD图纸+毕业论文】.rar

载货汽车前空气悬架的结构设计答辩稿.ppt---(点击预览)

载货汽车前空气悬架总成的设计论文.doc---(点击预览)

联接.dwg---(点击预览)

空气弹簧.dwg---(点击预览)

外文翻译--电子系统-其他辅助设备的缺点和问题.doc---(点击预览)

减振器与轴联接.dwg---(点击预览)

任务书.doc---(点击预览)

压缩包内文档预览：

编号：427554 类型：共享资源大小：266.02KB 格式：RAR 上传时间：2015-04-25 上传人：上*** IP属地：江苏

35
积分

版权申诉 word格式文档无特别注明外均可编辑修改；预览文档经过压缩，下载后原文更清晰！ 立即下载

关键词：: 载货汽车空气悬架结构设计 cad图纸毕业论文载货汽车前空气悬架

资源描述：

载货汽车前空气悬架的结构设计

31页 9800字数+说明书+任务书+答辩稿+外文翻译+3张CAD图纸【详情如下】

任务书.doc

减振器与轴联接.dwg

外文翻译--电子系统-其他辅助设备的缺点和问题.doc

空气弹簧.dwg

联接.dwg

载货汽车前空气悬架总成的设计论文.doc

载货汽车前空气悬架的结构设计答辩稿.ppt

QQ截图20150424142115.gif

答辩稿.gif

减振器与轴联接.gif

空气弹簧.gif

联接.gif

载货汽车前空气悬架总成的设计

摘要

悬架是汽车的重要组成部分。它对汽车的行驶平顺性、乘坐舒适性以及操纵稳定性等多种使用性能都有很大影响。随着汽车速度的提高对汽车悬架的性能提出了越来越高的要求。而空气弹簧悬架具有自振频率低、动载荷小、通过性好、使用寿命长等优点，能提高汽车的速度，乘坐舒适性，减少汽车对路面的破坏。所以越来越受到汽车制造商和汽车研究人员的关注。目前国外高级大客车几乎全部使用了空气悬架,这是汽车悬架发展的趋势,有着广阔的市场前景和应用前景。

本文概括的介绍了空气悬架的发展历程、使用现状和应用前景及其在国内外的使用情况。在原有的CA1160P4K2L5车型基础上，根据给出的基本结构和性能参数来设计计算载货汽车前空气悬架。为了减小冲击采用弹性元件，此弹性元件为钢板弹簧与空气弹簧相结合的结构。为了传递除弹性元件传递的垂直力以外的各种力和力矩采用导向机构，此导向机构的功能是通过纵置钢板弹簧来实现的。为了使振动衰减采用双向作用筒式减振器。

关键词空气悬架；空气弹簧；钢板弹簧；减振器

The Unitized Design of Motor Trucks’ Front Air Suspension

Abstract

Supension is an important part of vehicle,it greatly impacts vehicle’s performances,such as ride comfort control stabilization ,etc.With the improvement of vehicle’s speed,we need that more and more improvements on suspension’s performance load is low,the life-span is long.Now that the air spring suspension takes on many virtues,for example,its stiffness is variable and vibration frequency is dynamic,more and more engineers pay attention to studying this kind of suspension.At the present time,foreign grand buses are almost equipped with air suspension.The air suspension begins to be the trend of the suspension, it has broad market prospect and potential application.

This thesis talks about the air suspension’s development track application actuality.It expatiates the main body and purport of the thesis.Base on the configuration and parameters of CA1160P4K2L5,I design the motor truck’s front air suspension’s structure.In order to diminish shock,the elastic elements are both the steel leaf spring and the air spring.Furthermore in order to transitive different kinds of force and moment except the vertical force of the elastic elements,the steel leaf spring is used as guide mechanism.The bilateral sausage type shock absorber make the vibrate attenuation.

Key words air spring suspension ,air spring ,steel leaf spring ,shock absorber

摘要I

AbstractII

第1章绪论1

1.1 引言1

1.2 国外空气悬架的发展1

1.3 我国空气悬架的现状2

1.4 空气悬架的优缺点3

1.4.1 空气悬架的优点3

1.4.2 空气悬架的缺点4

1.5 本文研究内容4

第2章载货汽车前空气悬架的结构设计5

2.1 前空气悬架的主要参数5

2.1.1 主要参数5

2.1.2 载荷分配的复合计算7

2.2 弹性元件的设计8

2.2.1 空气弹簧8

2.2.2 钢板弹簧13

2.3 导向机构的设计20

2.4 本章小结21

第3章减振器的设计22

3.1 概述22

3.2 设计计算22

3.2.1 减振器阻尼系数的确定22

3.2.2 最大卸荷力的确定23

3.2.3 筒式减振器工作缸直径的确定23

3.3 减振器螺栓的校核24

3.3.1 减振器螺栓24

3.3.2 减振器与车架连接的螺栓24

3.4 本章小结24

结论25

致谢26

参考文献27

1.3 我国空气悬架的现状

空气悬架在我国的应用落后于国外几十年，直到上世纪90年代初期才开始在原装引进车型上使用。目前我国拥有空气悬架项目的公司为数众多，但以具有代理性质而无实际设计能力的公司居多。我国长春汽车研究所早在1957年就开始了空气悬架技术的研究，不少高校的相关专家及研究机构多年来也做了大量卓有成效的工作，并取得了许多重要研究成果。但是由于种种原因，这些研究成果大多还停留在理论上，产业转化率非常低，导致许多有价值的研究没能继续坚持和深入下去，使我国汽车悬架技术的研究和应用与欧美等发达国家相比处于明显的落后地位。

我国公路条件的改善为汽车空气悬架创造了基本的使用条件。国内高速公路的发展对汽车的操纵稳定性、平顺性、安全性提出了更高的要求，对国内空气悬架市场产生了很大的促进作用。随着道路保护意识的加强，高档客车制造技术的引进以及人们对舒适性要求的提高，加上国家对客车等级划分的标准要求，空气悬架开始逐步应用起来。此外，重型汽车对路面破坏机理的研究及认识进一步加深、政府对高速公路养护的重视、限制超载逐步在国内各地受到重视等因素，使空气悬架在重型车市场的应用也将进一步扩大。为适应高速公路运输的需要，高级客车和大型载货车都必须使用空气悬架。汽车市场的快速发展将大大拉动空气悬架的需求增长[2]。

1.4 空气悬架的优缺点

1.4.1 空气悬架的优点

随着人们对乘坐舒适性要求的提高，与钢板弹簧悬架相比，空气弹簧悬架因其独特的性能和适应性，正在逐步打入传统的钢板和螺旋弹簧领域。空气悬架系统是以空气弹簧为弹性元件，利用气体的可压缩性实现其弹性作用的。通过压缩气体的气压能够随载荷和道路条件变化而进行自动调节，不论满载还是空载，整车高度不会变化，可以大大提高乘坐的舒适性。

空气弹簧的运动性能特点是：

(1)空气弹簧悬架的固有频率可以根据需要而适当改变；

(2)空气弹簧的特性曲线可以设计成理想的形状；

(3)空气弹簧对于高频振动的吸收和隔音性能好；

(4)空气弹簧悬架能保持车身高度不变；

(5)空气弹簧的通用性好；

(6)空气弹簧悬架能节约大量的弹簧钢；

(7)空气弹簧可以利用空气阻尼作用；

(8)空气弹簧的强度高；

(9)空气弹簧寿命长。

这些特点决定了空气悬架具有以下优点：

(1)高频振动隔断性较好，降低噪声。由于采用空气弹簧将地面振动传递给车身，故高频隔振性相对于钢板弹簧较小并降低噪声；

(2)乘坐更舒适安全,改善车辆的行驶平顺性。空气弹簧刚度小，振动频率低，空气弹簧弹性特性为非线性，即刚度随载荷的变化小，整车空载与满载频率相差较小，从而有效改善整车平顺性；

(3)延长轮胎和制动片的使用寿命；

(4)负载变化时整车高度始终保持不变,装有高度调整机构的空气悬架系统，整车高度在不同载荷时保持不变。用在箱式货车上，可以在法规限制内相应增加货箱高度；

(5)减少电气、空调、排气系统、车桥、车身和底盘的维修成本,减少对道路的冲击，保护路面，降低高速公路的维修费用,空气弹簧本身也不需维护和润滑；

(6)利用空气控制，可以实现多种功能。尤其采用电子控制空气悬架系统ECAS，可以实现不同整车高度的转换，以适用于不同的行驶状况，或便于货物的装卸；也可根据不同的使用情况，实现不同的载荷分配方式等功能；

(7)延长车辆的使用寿命并增加折旧值[3]。

1.4.2 空气悬架的缺点

(1)需要导向机构由于空气弹簧只能承受纵向力，而不能传递纵向的制动力、驱动力和侧向力，所以使用空气弹簧的悬架需要相应的导向机构。

(2)增大减振器负担因悬架的上跳行程限位是由减振器内部的限位装置进行限位的，所以减振器负担增大，同时结构相对复杂。

(3)弹簧寿命降低与钢板弹簧相比，空气弹簧寿命相对较低，需要定期更换。

(4)结构及控制系统复杂，成本高空气弹簧悬架结构较复杂，需要的零部件较多，成本较高。必须增加气源供给装置，储气筒，相应的空气管路和高度调整机构，如果是电子控制系统还需增加相应的电路、传感器、中央控制单元ECU及电磁阀等。

(5)不适用于超载状况一般情况下，空气弹簧的超载能力比额定设计载荷只能超出10%-30%，如果载重量超出该值，整车高度下降，如果是ECAS系统，当载荷超出ECU中设定的最大允许载荷，空气弹簧将放气。经常使用在额定载荷以上时，空气弹簧寿命将降低。

1.5 本文研究内容

本文所研究的主要内容分为三部分：

(1)通过已知参数进行载货汽车前空气悬架弹性元件的结构设计。这部分结构为钢板弹簧和空气弹簧相结合，共同构成弹性元件。

(2)通过已知参数进行导向机构的设计。导向机构的功能是通过纵置钢板弹簧来实现的。

(3)通过已知参数进行减振器的设计。减振器的结构采用双向作用筒式减振器。参考文献

1 Kwon-Hee Suh, Yoon-Ki Lee. a Study on the Handing Performance of a Large-

Sized Bus with the Change of Rear Suspension Geometry SAE Paper 2002-01-

3071.

2 Guoquan Wang, Wentong Yang. Airtual Test Approach for Vehicle Ride Comfort Evaluation, SAE Paper 2004-01-0376.

3 嵇伟. 新型汽车悬架与车轮定位. 机械工业出版社， 2004.

4 田海鹰. 6X2 MIRA空气弹簧牵引车悬架设计. 吉林大学硕士研究生毕业论文， 2003.

5 赵学敏. 汽车底盘构造与维修. 国防工业出版社， 2004.

6 J.Z.Feng, F.YU, Y.X.Zhao. Design of a Bandwidth-Limited Active Suspension

Controller for Off-Road Vehicle Based on the Co-Simulation Technology SAE

Paper 2004-01-1067.

7 张陵. 不同路况下车辆悬架系统的动态特性研究. 机械科学与技术出版社， 2005.

8 刘鸿文. 材料力学. 高等教育出版社， 2002.

9 机械设计全书. 第四版第3卷. 北京工业出版社， 2002.

10 李军. 汽车悬架参数对操纵稳定性的影响. 机械工业出版社， 1990.

11 [日] GP企画室编宋桔桔董国良译. 汽车车身底盘图解. 吉林科学技术出版社香港万里机构出版有限公司， 1996.

12 褚志刚, 邓兆祥. 汽车前轮定位参数优化设计. 重庆大学学报, 2003，Vol.26， No.2：86～89.

13 雷雨成. CA1190汽车悬架设计及平顺性分析. 1994,No1：16～20.

14 齐志鹏. 汽车悬架和转向系统的结构原理与检修. 人民邮电出版社, 2002.

15 李春明. 现代汽车底盘技术. 北京理工大学出版社， 2002.

内容简介：: 附录原文：Electrical Systems-Other Auxiliary Equipment Faults and ProblemsM73 Secondary Air Pump Circuit RewiringModel:BMW E38-750iLA with M73 engine produced between August 1998 and October 1998.Complaint:Due to the wiring for the secondary air circuit at the Engine Control Modules being reversed,the illumination of the check engine light may result causing the fault FC 79 (4F)-Undefined.Remedy:Utilize the Service Menu of the Dealer Communication System,and based upon the response of the system either proceed with corrective action,or take no action at all.If action is necessary the wiring in module connector number 4 of DME I pin 3 and DME II pin 31 must be swapped.Reprogramming of Engine Control Module May Not Be PossibleModel:BMW E38-740i/iLA with M62 engine and DSC 3 produced as of September 1998.BMW E38-540i/iA/iTA with M62 engine and DSC 3 produced as of September 1998.BMW E38-528i/iA/iTA with M52 engine and DSC 3 produced as of September 1998.Complaint:Due to the DSC 3 control module troubling the communication path between the DIS/MODIC and the DME and/or EGS module,the reprogramming procedure is unable to peform and the following message is displayed:”Programming cannot be performed correctly!Test code 002400.Repeat programming if necessary.”Remedy:Before starting the programming operation the power supply to the DSC 3 module must be removed.Vacuum Hose to Secondary Air Non-Return Valve.Model:BMW E46-323i/iA,328i/iA produced between April 1998 and July 1998.Complaint:The vacuum hose going to the Secondary Air Non-Return Valve may be wrongly routed.Consequently if this hose connects with the exhaust system it may set off the following faults may set within the Engine Control Module(ECM/DME):-Fault Code 245(F5 hex)-Flow rate secondary air rate too slow bank 1.-Fault Code 245(F6 hex)-Flow rate secondary air rate too slow bank 2.Remedy:Utilize the Service Menu of the Dealer Communication System,and base upon the response of the system either proceed with corrective action,or take no action at all.If action is necessary then check the condition and routing of the vacuum hose going to the non-return valve on all affected vehicles if required reroute.If fault code 245 or 246 ate set in the DME the vacuum hose going to the non-return valve will need to be replaced if it is damaged.Motronic M1.1-Circuit SuppressionModel:BMW E32(735i),BMW E30,BMW E24,Equipped with M1.1 Fuel injection 1987 and 1988 Model Years(prior to 5.88 production).Complaint:M1.1 control unit durability can be affected by migrant voltage surges from the “Check Engine” light circuit.Remedy:The following Service Action is necessary:Install suppression diode harness(P/N 88 88 2 000 100).Idle Mixture Check and Adjustment(after major engine repair)Model:BMW M3,BMW M5,BMW M6Complaint:M3,M5 andM6 cars that do not have CO-screws on the exhaust manifold pipes may need the idle mixture checked and adjusted after major engine repair.Remedy:Follow this procedure to ensure the idle mixture is correctly adjusted if necessary.-Engine is at operating temperature;the oil needs to be at least 60 degrees C or 140 degrees F.-The ignition timing and valve clearance are correct.-The plate synchronization is correct.-The idle speed is correct.-All electrical consumers and air conditioner must be switched off.-Connect the digital mixture measurement unit (integrator voltage measuring unit for 318i-P/N 88 88 6 126 400) to engine diagnosis socket (BMW service tester cable is connected to digital mixture measurement unit).-Start engine.-Flashing of the red LED at regular intervals indicates normal operation of the oxygen sensor.-Read integrator voltage on LCD display.If necessary,adjust to a value of 6 plus/minus 3 volts at the airflow meter bypass screen while the red LED pulsates at a regular interval.-If the red LED stays ”on” continuously,the engine idle speed mixture is too lean,or the oxygen sensor is defective.-If the red LED stays ”off” continuously,the engine idle speed mixture is too rich.-Adjust the idle mixture by carefully turning the airflow meter bypass screw to a value of 6 plus/minus 3 volts,until the LED flashes at a regular interval. -Check the engine idle speed and integrator voltage.Idle Control Valve Binding-No StartModel:BMW E36 with M44 engine.Complaint:Due to a binding idle control valve the engine may not start or will only start when the accelerator pedal is depressed making the throttle plate open.This is causing by the air gap between the rotary slide valve and the idle control valve housing being too small which causes the valve to bind in the closed position.When this happens the throttle plate by-pass air is restricted during cranking causing the engine not to start to very difficult to start.Remedy:A new style idle control valve part number 13 41 1 435 846 should be installed.Whistling Noise from idle Control ValveModel:BMW E36 with M44 engine.Complaint:The idle control valve can emit a whistling noise when the engine is at idle.This is due to adverse tolerances between the idle control valve housing and the rotary slide valve.Remedy:A new style idle control valve part number 13 41 1 435 846 should be installed.RelaysModel:All BMW.Complaint:If a relay sticks in the closed position after the ignition is turned off the following complaints could arise.-The auxiliary fan continues running.-A/C-heater blower motor continues running.-Fog lights and/or headlights stay on.-The battery goes dead overnight.-The rear window defogger stay on.This is due to the battery voltage still being present when the ignition is turned off.Apart from the auxiliary fan the componets need their control switch left on for the situation to occur.The auxiliary fan will automatically continue running in this condition.Remedy:Replace the defective relay.Vibration Resistant BatteryModel:BMW E36 Convertible.Complaint:Not only is the E36 convertible battery an energy source it is also a vibration damper.The battery also has a special battery tray with integrated vibration absorber.Remedy:If the battery needs to be replaced a vibration resistant one must be installed.Hints and Tips:Audi idle speed problemsEngine stalls at idle speed or stalls after the start Vehicle has no idle speedCause:Coking causes the piston in the idle stabilization valve-N71 to jam.Models affected:ABK engine from MY 95.Service:The idle stabilization valve-N71should be checked according to the workshop manual.If the valve sticks.Attach the modification kit for changing the air intake point for the idle stabilization valve-Part No.048 198 455.Replace the idle stabilization valve-N71-Part No.048 133 455.Idle speed which is either fluctuating or excessiveCause:The idle speed components are lacking electronic adjustment after a voltage loss in the system(for example after the disconnection of the battery,control unit change and a problem with the voltage).Models affected:ABK,ABC engine.Service:Referring to the workshop manual do a basic setting with V.A.G 1551.Throttle valve potentiometers and idle stabilization valves have been unnecessarily changed too often because of lacking system adjustment.If the complaint is not corrected with the basic setting,then a component is defective.It must be located by referring to the workshop manual.Poor accelerator response or the engine stalls when in the warming up stage whilst being station at traffic lights for instance.Cause:In the control unit the cold initial running set is too thin.Models affected:AHL engine.Service:Part No.3B0 907 557 A for improved control unit.Identification on the sticker”5WP4351”,data ver”D05”.Wavering idle speed with cold/warm engine.Cause:A smaller vacuum hose branches off from the crankcase ventilation,which is routed as bypass around the throttle valve.Especially in winter the throttle hose and/or the vacuum hose can become clogged and/or iced up with crankcase condense water.Consequently the idle speed wavers by several 100 rpm during the phase of warming up,gradually dying down as the engine heats up.Pulsations in the air inlet hose are possible through the crankcase ventilation.This leads mainly to wavering idle speed with switched on electrical consumers and air conditioning with a warm engine.Model affected:ADP engine 1.6 L.Service:Take away the intake hose complete with crankcase ventilation hose and vacuum hose.Clean the throttle hole,2 mm (4) diameter,and hose of vacuum (3).Take away the cylinder head cover,put in the new oil splash guard and get rid of the old one-Part No.06A 103 544 (unscrewed).Adjust the cylinder head cover and intake hose.Do not lose the O ring and make sure it doesnt lose itself in the neck of the crankcase ventilation hose.A tiny wavering of idle speed by approx 50rpm when the vehicles is still rolling and the clutch is pressed down is no cause for concern and is normal.When cold or even just after more than 20 seconds or so the engine doesnt start.There is a vehicle breakdown and no fault is stored in the fault memory.Cause:Engine adjustment.Models affected:ACK engine (142 KW) from MY 96.Service:1. Looking at the fault memory of the engine control unit.Investigate the vehicle according to the workshop manual if a fault has been stored.2. See if the basic setting of the throttle valve control unit is correct,if necessary reset it.3. If the basic setting is all right and if no fault has been stored,take out the spark plugs and clean them,then replace.4. Part No.4D0 907 551 B-with data version D09-fit control unit.译文：电子系统-其他辅助设备的缺点和问题M73第二空气泵电子线路举例：在1998.8-1998.10间生产的带有M73型号发动机的BMW E38-750iLA。缺点：因为在发动机控制模块中的第二空气循环线路混乱,检查发动机的照明灯将导致不确定的故障-FC 79。改正：利用经销商通讯系统中的维修菜单及其回复进行纠正或不采取行动。如果必须纠正，应使4号线路中的DME I 3和DME II 31交换。不可以改编发动机控制模块举例：在1998.9生产的带有M62型号发动机和DSC 3的BMW E38-740i/iLA。在1998.9生产的带有M62型号发动机和DSC 3的BMW E38-540i/iA/iTA。在1998.9生产的带有M62型号发动机和DSC 3的BMW E39-528i/iA/iTA。缺点：因为DSC 3控制模块混淆了DIS/MODIC、DME和/或EGS模块间联系的线路，改编程序不能完成任务。将显示如下信息：“程序不能正常进行!如果需要，测试代码002400重新编程。”改正：在编程操作前必须移走提供给DSC 3模块的动力。第二空气非循环真空管举例：在1998.4-1998.7间生产的BMW E46-323i/iA,328i/iA。缺点：第二空气非循环真空管不恰当的发送气体。总地来说，如果与排气系统连接，真空管能防止发动机控制模块内部的故障。如下：-错误代码245(F5 十六进制)-储存库1中空气流动速率过慢。-错误代码245(F6 十六进制)-储存库2中空气流动速率过慢。改正：利用经销商通讯系统中的维修菜单及其回复进行纠正或不采取行动。如果必须纠正，需检查所有影响汽车非循环真空管中气体的环境和行程是否需要改变。如果错误代码245、246出现在DME真空管的内部，且设备毁坏则需更换真空管。M1.1-循环抑制举例：在1987年和1988年生产的带有M1.1燃油喷射装置的BMW E32 (725i)，BMW E24。缺点：检查发动机照明循环设备中的电压振荡影响M1.1控制个体的耐久力。改正：有如下建议：安装控制二极管(P/N 88 88 2 000 100)。空转混合控制和调节器(在主要发动机修理后)举例：BMW M3,BMW M5,BMW M6。缺点：排气系统中各个管没有联合螺钉的M3,M5和M6汽车,在主要发动机修理后需要空转混合检查装置和调节装置。改正：如下步骤确保空转混合装置正确调整:-发动机运转温度:油液需要至少60摄氏度或140华氏度。-注意点火正时和气体管的清理。-同步电镀要正确。-空转速度要正确。-所有的电子设备和空气调节设备要切断。-将数字混合测量设备连接到发动机诊断插座上(综合电压测量为318i-P/N 88 88 6 126 400),(宝马检测电缆与数字混合测量设备相连)。-运转发动机。-红色发光二极管规则闪亮指示氧传感器正常工作。-读出液晶显示器指示的综合电压。如果需要，在气流仪表旁显示屏上原来的6伏基础上，增加或减少3伏电压，使红色发光二极管以规则的时间间隔闪亮。-如果红色发光二极管一直保持“亮”的状态，则发动机空转时的混合气太稀，或氧传感器有故障。-如果红色发光二极管一直保持“灭”的状态，则发动机空转时的混合气太浓。-通过小心调整气流仪表旁螺钉增加或减少3伏电压来调节混合气的浓度，直到发光二极管以规则的时间间隔闪亮。-检查发动机空转速度和综合电压。空转控制阀弯曲-不能工作举例：装有M44型号发动机的BMW E36。缺点：有弯曲空转控制阀的发动机不能工作或仅当压下加速踏板使节流阀打开时才工作。这是因为在旋转滑动阀和空转控制阀机架间空气缺口太小的原因，这导致控制阀粘住相近的活塞。当这种情况发生时，节流阀旁路空气是有限的，使曲轴不能或很难使发动机工作。改正：安装新型空转控制阀部件，型号为1 3 41 1 435 846。空转控制阀噪声举例：装有M44型号发动机的BMW E36。缺点：当发动机空转时，空转控制阀产生噪声。是因为在空转控制阀机架和旋转滑动阀间有不利的公差存在。改正：安装新型空转控制阀部件

温馨提示:
1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明，都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
2: 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等，如果需要附件，请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
3.本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸，网页内容里面会有图纸预览，若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间，仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理，对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑，并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容，请与我们联系，我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

人人文库网所有资源均是用户自行上传分享，仅供网友学习交流，未经上传用户书面授权，请勿作他用。