句子成分讲解.docx

英语中句子成分有：主 谓 宾 定 状 表语 主语：可以作主语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等主语一般在句首。n 1) Mr. Chen is a well-known scientist.n 2) He reads newspapers everyday.n 3) Two and six is eight.n 4) Smoking is harmful to health.n 5) To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.n 6) What we shall do next is not yet decided.谓语：说明主语的动作，状态或特征。做谓语的词类是动词n 1) The new term begins on the 1st of September.n 2) She seemed tired.n 3) What have you been doing? n 4) What have you done? n 5) He was often laughed at for this.6) Id rather he didnt come tomorrow宾语:宾语通常在及物动词（可以接名词的动词）和介词的后面可以做宾语的词类是名词代词数词不定式动名词从句等n 1) I think it right to help her.n 2) My little sister always likes to ask questions.n 3) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?n 4) He asked me what I was going to do in summer.系动词：本身有词义，但不能单独做谓语，后面必须跟表语（补语），构成 主+系+表 结构（系动词没有进行时和被动时态）n 1）be seem appear2) look sound taste smell feel （感官类）3) get turn grow become go（维持类）4) stay remain keep continue（变化类）1.this kind of cloth feels very soft2.this flower smells very sweet3.his face turned red表语：出现在系动词之后，说明主语的状况、特征、性质等，可由名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、动词-ing、动词-ed、从句等担当1) My uncle is a professor. 2) He looked tired.3) The basketball match is on.4) All the pupils are on the playground now.5) Our aim was to win more medals.6) His work is teaching French.7) The question is who can really repair the machines.定语: 是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、 短语或句子.（前置定语放在被修饰词的前面，后置定语放在后面）The girl in the classroom needs a pen of yours. The boy needs a coffee cup. The best boy here is Tom. There is nothing to do today. The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday. 状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词及其相应的短语或从句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、 伴随、程度、目的等1) She sings quite well.2) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 3) He sits there, asking for a pen. 4) The boy needs a pen to do hishomework. 5) If I have some spare time, I will take up German.名词（表人或物、表时间、表方位）动词（动作行为、发展变化、心理活动等）形容词（表事物的形状、性质、状态）代词（含人称、疑问和指示代词）副词(用在动词或形容词前)介词(用在名词或代词前)连词(起连接作用)助词(起辅助作用,表附加的语气、动态或结构意义)及物动词vt（直接跟宾语） give me 不及物动词vi（不能直接跟宾语的动词，加上介词才能跟宾语）Laugh at sb listen to the music look at （主要是记短语）不及物动词无被动，Sell 作为受欢迎、有销路的意思时是不及物动词，作为销售，买的时候是及物动词 this kind of shoes sell well and are all sold out 英语五种基本句型列式如下：一： | （主谓）谓语动词是不及物动词1. The moon rose. The birds fly2. The universe remains. 3. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 4. Who cares? 5. What he said does not matter. 6. They talked for half an hour. 7. The pen writes smoothly 二： （主系表）1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary.2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. Everything looks different. 5. The troubleis that they are short of money. (表语从句)6. Our well has gone dry. 7. His face turned red. 三： （主谓（及物动词）宾）1. Who knows the answer? 2. She smiled her thanks. 3. He enjoys reading. 4. They ate what was left over. 5. He said Good morning. . 6. He admits that he was mistaken.四： （主谓间宾直宾）（两个宾语才能表达完整的意思）直宾（动作的直接承受者）+介词+间宾（动作的间接承受者）1. She ordered herself a new dress. 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 3. He brought you a dictionary. 4. He denies her nothing. 5. I showed him my pictures. 6. I gave my car a wash. 7. I told him that the bus was late. 8. He showed me how to run the machine. 五： （主谓宾宾补）只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。（宾补，补充说明宾语） （及物） （宾语） （宾补） 1. They appointed him manager. 2. They painted the door green. 3. This set them thinking. 4. They found the house deserted. 5. What makes him think so? 6. We saw him out. 7. He asked me to come back soon. 8. I saw them getting on the bus. We found