宾语从句讲解及练习.doc

宾语从句（The Object Clause）一、宾语从句的定义及类型宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语，或者形容词宾语。1、 作动词的宾语: 大多数动词都可以带宾语从句可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.He told us that they would help us though the whole work.他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的. 注意：(1)部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句这类副词短语有（figure out work out find out point out ）I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?(2)动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有:make sure确保 make up ones mind下决心 keep in mind牢记Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.2、 作介词的宾语:（1）介词后一般用wh-类的引导词连接的宾语从句We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.(2)that引导从句做介词宾语时，一般需要用形式宾语it替代，然后将that从句放在后面当it作形式宾语时 it作形式宾语，从句作真正宾语。（1） 动词 + it + important / necessary / natural / etc. + thatclause。thatclause中谓语动词前可加should，亦可省略。如：I think it important that you （should） attend the conference.（2） 动词+ it + as + 名词 / 形容词 + clause。如：The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.（3） 动词+ it + 介词 + thatclause。常见的有：owe it to sb. + thatclause（把归功于某人）， leave it to sb. + thatclause（把留给某人去做）， take it for granted + thatclause （想当然）， keep it in mind + thatclause （记住）。如：I just took it for granted that hed always be around.（4） 动词 + it + clause。如：I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.。(3) 有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句看作固定搭配epect that but that save that beside that 除了 in that 因为 I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知3、作形容词宾语：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。I am sure I will pass the exam.我确信我会通过考试.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他. 二、宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法从属连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if连接代词：who, whose, what ,which 连接副词：when ,where, how, why 等。1、从属连词：that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）(1)当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better (2)当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. (3)当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。I cant tell him that his mother died. (4)当it作形式宾语时 it作形式宾语，从句作真正宾语。(5)当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win，I believe(6)当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语2、由whether,if 引导的宾语从句当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用whether，不能用if：在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（ifor not也可以使用）。如：Let me know whether if he will come or not（Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。I dont know whether if he does any washing or not（I dont know whether or not he does any washing）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego我不知道我们是去还是留。在介词之后用whether。如：Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。在不定式前用whether。如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say这是否真的我说不上来。3、连接代词：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?4、连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。He didnt tell me when we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.练习题(1) I dont know _or not.A. whether he is at home B. if he is at homeC. that he is at home D. whether is he at home(2) This depends on _ the weather is fine.A. which B. whether C. if D. that(3) The teacher asked the new student _ class he was in.A. which B. where C. if D. that(4) I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. Hell help us with our English.A. why B. when C. how D. where(5) - Be careful! Dont break the bottles. Do you hear _ I said? David?- Yes, MumA. what B. that C. why D. if(6) - Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is?- He may live at NO.18 or No. 19 of Bridge Street. Im not sure of _.A. where, which B. where, what C. what, which D. what, where(7) There is not much difference between the two. I really dont know _.A. what should I choose B. which I should chooseC. which should I choose D. what I should choose三、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。I dont know what they are looking for. Could you tell me when the train will leave? 练习题(1) Did you find out _?A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking forC. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for(2) Are you interested in _?A. how did he do it B. he did it how C. how he did it D. he how did it(3) I dont know _. Can you tell me?A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are(4) - What did the scientist say?- He said he wondered if _ into space by spaceship one day.A. he had to fly B. he could fly C. can he fly D. could he fly(5) Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me _?A. Where the bank nearest B. where is the nearest bankC. where the nearest bank is D. the nearest bank is where（6）She asked Tom _ with his car?A. what the matter was B. what the matter isC. what was the matter D. what is the matter四.宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过v 去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）I know he lives here .v I know he lived here ten years ago . v I have heard that he will come tomorrow .2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）v I knew who lived here. v I saw she was talking with her mother. v He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. v He said that he had seen it .3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。v The teacher said that the sun travels around the earth .练习题(1) Its 7:30. I cant believe you_ cooking dinner yet, Sally.A. havent started B. didnt C. dont start D. hadnt started(2) The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 _ Christmas Day.A. is B. was C. has been D. will be(3) The teacher said that the earth _round the sun.A. goes B. go C. went D. will go(4) We d like to tell you that you _the exam.A. have passed B. had passed C. pass D. will pass (5) “Could you tell me_?” “Yes. They _ to the library.”A. where are the twins, have been B. where were the twins, have beenC. where the twins are, have gone D, where the twins were, have gone (6) Our father said that he _ a new computer next week.A. will buy B. have bought C. would buy D. buys (7) I hear that he _ to Beijing yesterday.A. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone五、宾语从句的否定转移当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是? I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, havent you?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he? 我们发现他从不仔细听老师讲课，是不是？当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she? You thought they could have completed the project, didnt you? They dont believe shes an engineer, do they? She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, does she?(1)I dont think he is right,_?Aisnt he Bis he Cdo I Ddont I(2). He believes she is right, _?Adoesnt he Bdoes he Cis she Disnt she(3).I thought that he disliked playing football,_?Adidnt he Bdid he Cdid I Ddidnt I(4). I find _ important that we practice English every day.A. it B. this C. that D. what(5). You cant imagine _when they received the nice gift.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited were they D. they were how excited六、运用虚拟语气的情况在表示 建议 suggest 、advise、propose; 要求demand 、desire、request； 决定 decide; 命令 order、command、require;坚决主张 insist; 等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v（虚拟语气） Eg： I suggested that you（should）study hard He ordered that we should go out at once 七、简化宾语从句的方法方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. We decided to help him.方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window.注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to the station？方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化，如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy.宾语从句练习题类型一：引导词的运用（1） I dont know _or notA whether he is at homeB if he is at homeC that he is at home D whether is he at home（2） This depends on _ the weather is fineA which B whetherC if D that（3） The teacher asked the new student _ class he was inA which B whereC if D that（4） I dont know _ Mr Green will come to see us Hell help us with our EnglishA why B when C how D where（5） Be careful！ Dont break the bottles Do you hear _ I said? David? Yes， MumA what B that C why D if（6） Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is? He may live at NO18 or No 19 of Bridge Street Im not sure of _A where， which B where， whatC what， whichD what， where（7） There is not much difference between the two I really dont know _A what should I chooseB which I should chooseC which should I choose D what I should choose类型二：宾语从句的语序（1）Did you find out _?A she was looking for whose childB whose child was she looking forC whose child she is looking forD whose child she was looking for（2）Are you interested in _?A how did he do it B he did it howC how he did itD he how did it（3）I dont know _ Can you tell me?A how the two players are old B how old are the two playersC the two players are how old D how old the two players are（4） What did the scientist say? He said he wondered if _ into space by spaceship one dayA he had to flyB he could flyC can he flyD could he fly（5）Excuse me， sir Could you tell me _?A Where the bank nearestB where is the nearest bankC where the nearest bank is D the nearest bank is where（6）She asked Tom _ with his car?A what the matter was B what the matter isC what was the matter D what is the matter类型三：时态（ ）1 Its 7：30 I cant believe you_ cooking dinner yet， SallyA havent started B didnt C dont start D hadnt started（ ）2The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 _ Christmas Day A isB was C has beenD will be（ ）3 The teacher said that the earth _round the sunA goesB go C went D will go（ ）4 We d like to tell you that you _the examA have passed B had passed C passD will pass（ ）5 “Coul