英语1教学大纲.doc

英语I（1）教学大纲一、 教学对象本课程为广播电视大学公共英语课，供各类专业的专科的培养要求开设。二、 教学目的与要求通过英语课程的学习，学生应能掌握一定的英语语言基础知识和基本技能，具有一定的读、听、写、说的能力，从而能借助词典阅读和翻译一般性业务资料，在涉外交际的日常活动和业务活动中能进行一般性的书面交流和简单的口头交流，并为今后进一步提高英语的应用能力打下基础。鉴于广播电视大学实行开放办学，学生入学时的英语水平差异较大，公共英语课程设置不同层次的三个教学模块，使各专业可以根据该专业培养要求和学生的具体条件为专科和本科选择开设适当的英语课程。英语I为公共英语课程的预备阶段，是专科学生应达到的要求。英语课程在加强英语语言基础知识和基本技能训练的同时，重视培养学生实际使用英语进行交际的能力。 英语I的基本要求为： 学生应能掌握1,600左右的常用词汇（包括入学时要求掌握的600词）和若干相关的常用词组及基础语法知识；能够听懂发音清楚、语速较慢的教学用语和日常生活用语，并能用英语进行简单的日常交谈；能够读懂所学词汇和语法范围内的故事、短文及通知、便条等；能够写出简短的私人信函，或用便条转达具体信息。三、 教学内容与安排英语I总学时为108学时，6个学分，分2个学期开设，每学期54学时，3个学分。 本课程的教学内容在选材上应注重语言材料的真实性， 贴近生活，富有时代气息， 能够学以致用； 内容集知识性、趣味性与思想性为一体。（详见附录）四、 媒体使用与教学过程建议英语课程的教学媒体设计既要按照英语教学的自身规律，又要考虑不同教学媒体的特点，努力使两者做到有机的结合。文字教材和录音带是本课程教学内容的主要载体。文字教材的编写要便于学生自主学习，注意学习能力和学习策略的培养，充分考虑成人业余学习的特点。录音带的主要作用是训练和提高学生的听说能力，其内容设计要结合文字教材，为学生提供有声的语言，同时要着意设计能够帮助实现听说教学要求的练习活动。录像/电视课是本课程的重要教学媒体，在较为系统地讲授并操练语言基础知识和技能的同时，要注意发挥电视声像结合的优势，为学生展现语言在真实环境中的使用并提供一定的文化背景知识。录像/电视课应为学生接触真实、地道的英语语言提供条件，并能激发学生学习英语的兴趣。计算机辅助学习课件和计算机网络为英语学习提供了更为丰富的语言素材和教学资源。本课程应积极开发此类交互性强的现代教学媒体，并充分利用学习小组、讲座、英语角、多种媒体自学中心等，在学习过程中为学生提供良好的语言学习环境和支持服务。英语是实践性很强的课程，学习过程本身就是语言能力不断提高的过程。本课程以学生利用多种媒体教学资源自主学习为主，辅之以面授辅导课。辅导课除讲解重点、难点和答疑外，应开展一些语言技能的训练，尽量为学生提供口头交流的机会。五、 测试测试是检查教学大纲执行情况、评估教学质量的一种有效手段，是获取教学反馈信息的主要来源之一，是改进教学工作的重要依据。本课程在考核学生的英语语言基础知识的同时，应着重考核学生实际运用语言的能力。本课程的测试由形成性考核和课程终结考试两部分组成，形成性考核占总成绩的30%，课程终结考试占70%。形成性考核主要依据平时作业的完成情况和面授辅导课的参与情况而定。课程终结考试包括大纲规定掌握的基本语言知识和技能，按照各学期的“英语课程考核说明”命题，听力测试成绩占课程终结考试的20%。六、 教学中需注意的问题1、 成人高等教育培养的是应用型专门人才，英语课程教学不仅应注重打好语言基础，更要注意培养实际应用语言的能力，在传授语言、文化知识的同时，注意思想、文化素质的培养。2、 重视语言学习的规律，正确处理读、听、写、说之间的关系，确保各项语言能力协调发展。尤其要注意在开始阶段加强听说能力的培养，克服成人羞于开口的心理障碍。可以利用录音带等媒体手段设计一些跟读、朗读或自录音的活动，鼓励学生开口说英语。3、 英语课程应有助于学生开阔视野，扩大知识面，加强对世界的了解，进一步提高文化素养。在教学中要注意文化和语言之间的密切的联系，因为文化背景知识的学习有助于促进语言应用能力的提高。4、 英语课程教学大纲中的分阶段实施教学的设计使分类教学成为可能，各专业可根据专业培养要求和学生的实际水平选择开设不同层次的课程。对于英语水平距离专业基本要求相差较远的学生，应在学习必修的英语课程之前利用较低层次的课程进行补课。5、 电大教育的特点是“成人、业余、实用”。在教学中应该充分发挥成人理解力、逻辑思维能力强，有一定的本族语基础和文化背景知识的优势，同时注意克服成人学习外语的不利因素，如模仿力较差、母语的干扰、怕开口等。成人学生大多是从业人员，工学矛盾突出，自学时间难以保证，但是他们的学习动机明确，积极性高。因此，在编写教材和教学辅导中应充分考虑到这些特点，如在选择教学内容时应本着“实用为主，够用为度”的原则，在教学中应讲究方法，注意复习巩固，充分调动成人学习的有利因素，帮助学生选择适合自己的学习方法，养成良好的学习习惯，提高自学的能力。附录一功能意念表1 友好往来（1）问候Hello/Hi.Good morning/afternoon/evening, etc.（2）告辞Im afraid I must be going now.I think its time for us to leave now.Ive really got to go now.Its time I went home.（3）告别Good-bye/Bye/Bye-bye.Good night.See you tomorrow.（4）介绍A. This is Tom (and this is Amy).Id like you to meet Mary.May I introduce (you to) Mr./Mrs./ Miss/Ms. Smith? B. How do you do?Glad to meet you.Nice meeting you, Fred. （5）感谢和应答A. Thank you (very much).(Many ) thanks.Im really grateful to you for your help. B. Not at all. Youre welcome.Dont mention it.Thats all right.（6）祝愿和祝贺A. Good luck!Best wishes for your holiday.Have a good time.Please give my best wishes to Linda.Please remember me to your family. B. Congratulations (on your success). (7) 道歉和应答A. Sorry.Excuse me.B. Never mind.It doesnt matter.Thats nothing.（8）邀请和应答A. Come in and have a cup of tea.What about having a drink?Would you like some ice cream?B. Thank you (very much).Yes, Id love to.Thats very kind of you, (but Im on a diet). （9）提议、接受和谢绝A. Can I help you?Is there anything I can do for you?Shall I carry the box for you?B. Yes, please.No, thank you (just the same).Thats very kind of you, but I can manage it myself.（10）开始和结束谈话Nice day, isnt it?What a lovely day today!2. 交流补救（1）请求重复和解释Uh, excuse me, could you repeat it?Could you say that again?（2）定义Linguistics may be defined as the science of language.（3）确认理解Got it?Do you see what I mean?（4）犹豫Let me see.How can I put it?（5）更正What I meant was that we should go on with the work.（6）补充In addition, I think we should take the cost into account.（7）插话Excuse me. Did you say that the party had to be put off?3态度（1）意愿Im willing/ready to take the job.I will buy a new pair of glasses.（2）希望I wish to see you again.I hope you will get better soon.I wish I were younger. （3）意向Im planning to move somewhere downtown.I feel like taking a hot bath now.（4）责任Do I have to finish it today?Should I look after the baby this evening?Is it necessary for me to clean the room? Im afraid you must/will have to stay home. （5）能力I can manage the job without help.Im capable of running a mile in four minutes. （6）允许A. I wonder if I could possibly use your bicycle?B. Sure, go ahead.C. Id rather you didnt. （7）同意和不同意A. Thats a good point.B. Im afraid youre not quite right.（8）喜欢和不喜欢A. I like English poems very much.She loves doing shopping alone.B. He doesnt like wearing his hair long.I dont care much for hot food. （9）偏爱I prefer tea to coffee.Id rather go by train than by plane.（10）原谅Its not your fault.Please dont blame yourself. （11）后悔I should have finished my essay earlier.（12）慰问和同情Im so sorry.Please accept my deep sympathy. （13）兴趣Thats quite tempting. Im curious about that. （14）决心Shes determined to go to Australia. I insist everybody be here at six sharp. Nothing will prevent me from accomplishing the task. （15）责怪和批评You are late again. Why didnt you tell me the truth? You shouldnt have done that. （16）抱怨I hate to have to say this, but its too noisy here. （17）否定I dont think you are right.（18）让步Even so/But its still a fact.（19）怀疑I doubt if we can finish it on time.I suspect the truth of her statement.（20）犹豫Well, let me see.（21）坚持But you know that shes innocent.（22）忍受Well, we just have to accept that sort of thing.（23）冷淡I dont care what you do.It doesnt matter to me.4. 可能程度（1） 肯定和不肯定Im not quite sure whether it will rain today.I doubt if he knows the truth. to be sure/certain of （2） 可能和不可能It is possible that he is out.It is unlikely that he should be at home. （3）预测It will be fine tomorrow.（4）猜测和相信I guess that he has got it.He must have read it before.We all believe that you are right.（5）看似、好象He seems to be ignorant about it.She appears to be unwilling to go.It looks as if he knew a lot about it.5. 情感（1）惊奇What a surprise!I can hardly believe my ears/eyes.（2）满意和高兴It is well done.Im pleased to know that.How wonderful!（3）愤怒或恼怒Isnt it annoying/irritating!What a stupid idiot! （4）悲伤Oh, no! How could this happen to me?I cant take much more of this.（5）愿望I wish I were young again.（6）悔恨和失望Oh, what a pity /shame!Thats too bad.（7）需求I need your help.I want you to read this report.（8）焦虑Im so anxious about my job. She is rather worried about his health.（9）加重感情色彩What a wonderful day! Thank you ever so much. It is far, far too expensive. （10）担心和挂念Im so worried about you.She is anxious to know the result.（11）害怕Dont be afraid.I was frightened to death when a tall man ran towards me.（12）期望Im expecting a call.（13）赞赏What a marvelous play!I like your haircut.6. 告戒（1）提醒Make sure youll be there on time.Dont forget about your study.（2）请求Will you do me a favor?Would you mind helping me with the desk? （3）建议Youd better take an umbrella.Id rather you did it again. Why dont you have a try?Lets take a short break.Shall we start now?（4）推荐I recommend this book.（5）指导The first thing you have to do is open the cover, and then dont forget to press the button ON.（6）警告Be careful!Take care!If you dont do it properly, Ill make you do it again.（7）劝说Dont you think it would be better to leave right now?（8）命令Be quiet.Dont shout in the corridor.（9）禁止You cant smoke here.You are not allowed to smoke here.（10）许诺I will pay you back next time.I give you my word that the goods will arrive on time.7. 时间（1）时刻She gets up at 7:00 every morning.The school will begin in September.（2）时段The concert lasted two hours.His father will stay in Paris for five years.（3）频度He should take the medicine twice a day.She usually wrote home every other week. （4）时序The cat ran here and there, first on this side, then on that side.（5）速度The students can read English at the speed of 200 words per minute. （6）同时Strike while the iron is hot. （7）持续The professor has been teaching at the university for over thirty years. 8. 存在（1）存在和不存在Air exists nearly everywhere.There is not a soul in the room. (2)有和没有The people in this country enjoy free medical care.The factory ran out of raw material. 9. 空间描述（1）位置He sits at the back of the room.The lab lies in the center of the university. （2）方向The post office is two blocks straight ahead.Turn left at the corner and go straightforward.（3）动向The train is leaving for Beijing.towards; from（4）距离The school is within walking distance.（5）体积The two rooms are of the same size.The swimming pool is 25 meters in width, 50 meters in length and 2 meters in depth.10. 数量（1）数There are twenty students in the class.（2）量She has collected a great number of foreign stamps.There was a great amount of rain last month.（3）足量和不足量They have ample food and clothing.The pot plant died from want of water.（4）过量The shirt is too large for Tom to wear.11质（1）形状It is a U-shaped road.（2）颜色The leaves turn yellow in autumn.（3）材料The box is made of wood.（4）感觉The blind man has to feel his way forward.He has no sense of music.（5）质地The silk feels very smooth.（6）价值A peasant woman found a priceless stone in her land.（7）自然状况I dont feel well, just because of the jet-lag.12. 方法和手段The sheets are usually folded in this way. He decided to treat the patient surgically. The dumb can make themselves understood by means of gestures. 13. 功用The knife is used to cut things.The computer performs an important function in modern society.14. 立论（1）例证The language skills, for example, speaking and writing, need to be practised.This relationship can be exemplified by the following ly; as follows（2）概括Generally speaking, job chances are much better for manual workers than for office workers.（3）推论It is argued that books will no longer be necessary after each family owns a computer.（4）结论To sum up, it is no easy job to learn a foreign language.all in all; in conclusion; to conclude by saying（5）阐明It means you mustnt overtake.15. 计算和测量（1）基础运算If you multiply 3 by 4, you get 12.（2）倍数和百分比 In this school, men constitute only 40% of the teaching staff.This book is twice as thick as that one.（3）增加和减少The export increased in volume by 10 percent over last year.There is a sharp drop of birth rate in this area.（4）基础测量（长、宽等）The table is four feet in length.The garden measures forty feet across.（5）近似值about; approximately（6）平均值On the average, the author writes two books a year.to have an average of（7）比率和比例16 to 8 is in ratio of 6 to 3.The proportion of A to B is X to Y.（8）最大值和最小值The train has the maximum speed of 250 miles per hour.The minimum number of students in each room will be five.（9）估计The estimated quantity of rice per acre is 5 tons.It is estimated that the work will take three months.16结构（1）部分和整体The committee comprises nine professors.Our class consists of 40 students.（2）部分之间的联系The staircase leads to the balcony.17关系（1）行为中和事物中的联系They showed sympathy to the child.These facts are known by all the schoolteachers.（2）对比关系on the one hand on the other hand; in spite of; on the contrary（3）比较关系He speaks English as well as she does.He is the slower of the two children.That is the most wonderful play I have ever seen.（4）所属关系her promotion; a womans college（5）逻辑关系As it was raining hard, we didnt go out yesterday.Nothing more was heard from him so that we began to wonder if he was dead.Though it was already midnight, he went on working.He failed the exam as a result of bad preparation.（6）分类English can be further divided into several sub-varieties.附录二语法项目表1、 词类（1） 名词（2） 形容词（3） 副词（4） 动词（5） 代词（6） 冠词（7） 数词（8） 介词（9） 连词 (10) 惊叹词2、 名词（1） 可数和不可数名词（2） 名词的复数形式（3） 专有名词（4） 所有格3、 代词（1） 人称代词（2） 物主代词（3） 反身代词（4） 指示代词（5） 不定代词（6） 疑问代词（7） 关系代词4、 数词（1） 基数词（2） 序数词（3） 分数（4） 小数（5） 百分比5、 介词6、 连词7、 形容词（1） 形容词作定语、表语、宾语补足语（2） 比较等级：原级/比较级/最高级8、 副词（1） 功能：表示时间、地点、方式、程度、关系等（2） 比较等级：原级/比较级/最高级9、 冠词10、动词（1） 基本形式A 现在时B 过去时C 过去分词D -ing形式（2） 行为动词的及物性和不及物性（3） 系动词：be, get, look, seem, turn, grow, become等（4） 助动词：be, do, have, shall, will等（5） 情态动词：can, may, must, ought to, need, dare等（6） 时态A 一般现在时B 一般过去时C 一般将来时D 现在进行时E 现在完成时F 过去进