高考语法填空专项讲解.doc

高考语法填空专项讲解第一讲：时态及语态一 结构：时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时am/is/are; have/has; cleans/cleanam/is/are cleaned一般过去时Was/were; had; cleanedwas/were/ cleaned一般将来时Will/be going to/ be to/ be about to cleanWill/be going to/ be to/ be about to be cleaned现在进行时am/is/are cleaning am/is/are being cleaned过去完成时had cleanedhad been cleaned现在完成时Have/has cleanedHave/has been cleaned将来完成时Will have cleanedWill have been cleaned现在完成进行时Have been cleaning 二 用法考点分析1一般现在时表客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制） eg. Water boils at 100.表现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表经常或习惯性的动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。Eg. Ice feels cold. Eg. We always care for each other.在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。Eg. If it _ (rain) tomorrow, I _ (go) out.Eg. It _ (not be) long before the rain stops.2 一般过去时1) 基本用法：表过去的事情、动作或状态，与表示过去的具体时间连用（或有上下文语境暗示）eg. I met her in the street yesterday.2) 如果从句中有一个过去时间状语，尽管从句的动作先于主句发生，从句动词连用过去式。Eg. He told me he _ (read) an interesting novel last night.3) 表示几个紧接着的动作或由以下词语连接的句子，用一般过去时，如but ,and , when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute, the first time等Eg. He stood up, _ (walk) to the door and _(open) the door. The moment she _( come) in , she told me what _(happen) to me.3 一般将来时1）表未来的动作或状态常用will/shall+do2) 表一种向或习惯动作 eg. Well die without air or water.3) 表向行为动词如come, go , start, begin, leave等动词常用进行时表将来。4）be about to do 表刚要发生的动作，后常跟when（just at that time）连用。Eg. I was about to dive into the river when some called me.4 现在进行时1）表示说话时正发生的动作。2）表阶段但不一定发生在说话时 eg. I am writing a novel about love in the war.3) 表计划或安排的向性动词4）与always或often 等频度副词连用，表经常发生的行为或某种感情色彩Eg. The girl is always talking loud in public.5 过去完成时(表过去的过去)1）在by, by the end of , by the time, until, before, since后接过去某一时间的短语或表以前发生的动作的从句Eg. By the end of last year, we _(produce)20000 cars. The train _ (leave) before we reached station2) 表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had hope/planned/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述过去式接不定式的完成式即：hoped/palnnedto have done.中文通常翻译成“原想/希望.”Eg. I had planned to spend(planned to have spent) my summer holiday in Beijing but I had to go to the training center. 3) “时间状语+before”的时间状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；但“时间状语+ago”则用过去式。Eg. He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. He left school 3 years ago.4) 表示“一。就” 的倒装句型：Hardly/No sooner/ Scarcely had +主语+过去分词+when/than/before+一般过去时。Eg. No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.6 现在完成时A 动作在过去发生，但对现在有影响。与过去式的区别：Eg. I have lost my key. (钥匙现在还没找到) I lost my key. (只说明钥匙过去丢了，现在找到与否不清楚)B表动作过去发生，并一直延续到现在。动词要用延续性动词，与for/since连用。注意：这也是现在完成进行时的用法，强调延续性。Eg He _ (not hear) from his brother since the war _ (break out).1 和for,since引导的时间状语，还有以下时间状语：in/during/over the past(last) few years, so far, until now, up to now, in recent years, lately, recently, ever since等。2 下列句型：It is (has been)+一段时间+since从句This(That/It) is the first(second) time that +完成时This(That/It) is the only+that+完成时This(That/It) is the best/finest/ most interesting+ that +完成时7将来完成时，表将来已经完成的事情。一般用by the next year/term等。Eg. By the next year, I will have left my high school.Pracitce 1:1 When I _(ride) a bike, I _(fall) off the bike.2 He _(break) his leg when he _(play) in a football match against another school.3 As she _(read) the newspaper, Granny _ (fall) sleep.4 The last time I _(see) Jane, she _(pick) cotton in the fields.5 Shirley _(wrote) a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. 6 You dont need to describe her. I _(met) her several times.7 My dictionary _(lose/ miss). I have looked for it everywhere but still _(find) it.8 Great changes _- (take place) in the city, and a lot of factories _ (set up).9 Nancy is not coming tonight. But she _(promise)!10 When I arrived, the supper _ (already begin).11 They _ (not catch) the thief yet.12 By the time he came, I _(complete) the work.13 I_ (not see) him lately.14 I lost the pen which I _(buy) the day before.15 She _ (marry) Robert for a year.16 I am tired because I _ (paint) the living room all day long.17 By the time he was twelve, Edison _ (begin) to make a living by himself.18 The price _ (go) down, I doubt whether it will remain so.19 The news came as no surprise to me. I _ (know) for some time that the factory was going to shut down.20 This is the most excellent film I _ ever (see).21 This is the first time I _(go) abroad.22 He often _(go) to see his grandfather.23 Have you moved into the new house? Not yet, the rooms _(paint).24 On the wall _ (hang) two large portraits.25 Is this raincoat yours? No, mine _-(hang) there behind the door.26 I dont really work here; I _ (just help) out until the new secretary arrives.27 We must be careful. Cotton _ fire easily.28 My mother _(know) Mrs Lin quite well.29 Lets see if the basketball match has started yet. - started? It must be clear who _(win) by now.30 We will start as soon as our team leader _(come).31 Lets get in the wheat before the sun _(set).32 When _ he (come) again? when he _ (come), Ill let you know.33 I was about to go out when someone _ (knock) at the door.34 I suggest that he _(go) to the doctor at once.综合练习2I. 在空格处填出括号内动词的适当形式。1. Dont take the magazine away. It _(belong) to me.2. I will go to see my son when he _(finish) the training course.3. Perhaps it will be a long time before Tom _ from abroad .4. Often a storm _(follow) by a calm.5. If city noises _(keep) from increasing，people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.6. I bought this radio yesterday，but it _(work).7. A friend of mine _(return) to his house after a holiday only to find it had been broken into. 8. When Jack arrived he _(learn) Mary had been away for about an hour.9. We miss Ted a lot, for he _(kill) trying to save a child in earthquake.10. Shortly after we _(seat)，a waiter came over to our table with a smile.11. I have left the light of my office on, so I _(go) back and turn it off.12. The number of the guests who _(invite) to the wedding reaches 800. 13. Mr. Smith told us that he _(deliver) a speech the next week.14. The professor asked his assistant whether his report _(complete) in a week.15. I feel it is your husband who _(blame) for the spoiled child.16. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _(change) so rapidly.17.You cant move in right now. The house _(paint).18.Shirley _(write) a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished.19. Henry remained silent for a moment. He _(think).20. They believed that by using computers the production of their factory _ (increase) greatly.21. We would like to go and thank him ourselves，but we _(find) out his address yet.22. I wonder why Jenny _(write) us recently. We should have heard from her by now.23. My father _(employ) at this job since 1990.24.The price _(fall) down，but I doubt whether it will remain so.25. How long _(know) each other before they got married?26. By the end of last year，another new gymnasium _(complete) in Beijing.27.The little girl cried her heart out because she _(lose) her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it.28. Is this the third time that you _(be) late?29. He _(write) the composition the whole morning and he is still working.30. He _(learn) English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university next year. 31.By this time tomorrow we _(repair) the machine.32. The telephone _(ring) four times in the last hour，and each time it _(be) for my roommate.33. Helen _(leave) her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _(come) home.34. John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that.35.His eyes _(shine) brightly when he finally received the award he _(expect).36. I _(think) the room to be empty but found it occupied.37.Visitors _ (request) not to touch the exhibits.38.They _(catch) a snowstorm on their way home.39. I was wondering if you _ tell me how to fill out this form.40.Good care _ be taken of babies particularly while they are ill.II. 语篇填空（一）Itwas getting dark when I got home. It was cold and I 1_(wear) a coat. I walked up to the door and put my hand into my pocket 2_(take) out my key but I 3_ find it. I suddenly remembered that I 4_(leave) it on my desk in the office. It really didnt make any difference. I knew my wife 5 _(be) at home and the children must have come back from school by now, so I 6_(knock)at the door.There was no answer, so I knocked again. I continued knocking at the door for some time. I 7_(get) angry. Then I remembered something the office boy had told me at noon. He said that my wife 8_ (phone)saying that she 9_(go) shopping in the afternoon with the children. There was only one thing for meto do: I had to clime in 10_ a window.（二）When he was a little boy, Christopher Cockerell once watched his mother 1_(turn) the wheel of her sewing-machine with her hand. “Wouldnt it work 2_(quick) if a machine turned the wheel for you?” he asked. “I suppose it 3_,” said his mother, without paying him any attention. Christopher 4_(know) she always had a lot of work, and he wanted 5_ (help) her.Up in his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father 6_(buy) him as a gift. “I 7_(make) better use of it,” little Christopher said to himself. So, when his mother 8_ (not use) her sewing-machine, he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it. When the job 9_(finish), he was quite pleased,thinking his mother 10_(like) it.“Very clever,” his mother said, when she 11_(see) it. Then she sat down and went on 12 _ (turn) the wheel by hand. “I 13 _(work) like this for too many years,” she explained.This taught Christopher Cockerell the lesson that anyone who tries 14_ (improve) anything 15_(have) to learn: Many people dont like new ideas.练习3 写作（用适当的时态）2009年5月9日，周六，天气晴朗，你们班的共青团员一起开展了一个有意义活动：清晨，你们骑自行车去人民公园打扫卫生，收集了废旧物品回收利用；捡拾垃圾；树立保护环境的标牌，向行人宣传保护环境的重要性。活动尽管累但大家高兴，因为你们为保护环境做出了自己的贡献。请你以日记的形式记录一天的活动。 从1978年到2008年，中国经过三十年的改革开放，发生了很多变化。请根据下列材料，以“Great changes in my hometown”为题目，描写一下家乡巨变。过去现在旧房高楼河水肮脏河水清澈步行、骑自行车乘公交车、小汽车Keys: I. 1. belongs 2. finishes 3. comes 4. is followed 5. are not kept 6. doesnt work7. returned 8. learned 9. was killed10. were seated11. will go 12. will be invited 13. would deliver 14. would be completed 15. is to blame 16 .is changing17. is being painted 18. was writing 19. was thinking 20. .would be increased21. havent found 22. hasnt written 23.has been employed 24. has fallen down 25. had they known 26. had been completed 27. had lost 28. .have been 29. has been writing 30. will have learned 31. shall/will have repaired 32. has rung; was 33. had left; came34. have been; had seen35. shone; has long expected 36. had thought37. are requested 38.were caught in 39. could 40. mustII. 1. 1. was wearing 2. to take 3. couldnt 4. had left 5. was 6. knocked 7. was getting 8. had phoned 9. would go