植保专业英语课程教学大纲.doc

植保专业英语课程教学大纲一、课程基本信息课程名称：专业英语英文名称：Special English for Plant Protection学 时：36学分：2适用对象: 植物保护考核方式：课堂考试占70%、平时成绩占30%先修课程：植物病理学 昆虫学二、课程简介 本书的取材主要侧重植物保护的基础知识，介绍植物病原真菌、细菌、线虫、病毒以及昆虫的种类和形态、繁殖方式和传播方式、危害特点以及防治方法。本课程主要是加强学生对专业英语词汇的认识，为以后从事植物病理专业工作、查阅外文资料和论文写作打下基础。The objective of Special English for Plant Protection is to present basic theories of Plant Protection, which includes classification, morphology, reproduction of the pathogens (fungi, bacteria, virus and nematodes) and insects and the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of plant diseases caused by them. The other objective of this course is help students studying special English, reading references and writing papers.三、教学内容及要求Chapter1Introduction to plant pathology（一）目的与要求了解植物病理学的发展史，植物病害的种类、病害生理、病害防治，掌握有关植物病害的英语词汇。（二）教学内容第一节 Classification of plant diseases1主要内容1）Infectious, or biotic, plant diseases（1） Diseases caused by fungi（2）Diseases caused by prokaryotes (bacteria and mycoplasmas)（3）Diseases caused by parasitic higher plants（4）Diseases caused by viruses and viroids（5）Diseases caused by nematodes（6）Diseases caused by protozoa2）Noninfectious, or abiotic, diseases are diseases caused by:（1）Too low or too high a temerature （6）Nutrient deficiencies（2）Lack or excess of soil moisture （7）Mineral toxicities（3）Lack or excess of light （8）Soil acidity or alkalinity（4）Lack of oxygen （9） Toxicity of pesticides（5）Air pollution （10）Improper cultural practices2基本概念和知识点1）Infectious, or biotic, plant diseases2）Noninfectious, or abiotic, diseases 3问题与应用（1）What are the infectious disease?(2) What are the infectious disease?第二节 Chapter three Discovery of the role of fungi1主要内容1）bunt, or stinking smut, of wheat is a contagious plant disease. Tillet, however, believed that it was a poisonous substance contained in the dust, rather than living microorganisms, that caused the disease.2）Prevost pointed out the importance of the environment in induction and development of the disease. 3）In 1861 deBary finally proved experimentally that the fungus Phytophthora infestans was the cause of the disease.4）DeBary also made great contributions with his studies of the Peronosporales and the diseases they incite(downy mildews).2基本概念和知识点Smut、Phytophthora infestans、Peronosporales and the diseases they incite(downy mildews).1 问题与应用1） whether is wheat stunt contagious or uninfectious disease?2） Does Phytophthora infestans caused potato late blight?第三节 Control of plant diseases1主要内容1）The discovery of Bordeaux mixture 2)one host is seprated from other host, in order to stop coffee rust outbreaks.3)In 1972, New and Kerr introduced the first commercial biological control of a bacterial plant disease(crown gall) by use of another bacterium.2基本概念和知识点Bordeaux mixture、host sepration、biocontrol3问题与应用（1）How is the Bordeaux mixture used?(2) How is biocontrol agent used?第三节 Physiology of plant disease1主要内容1）fungi are the causes rather than the results of plant disease, efforts began to elucidate the mechanisms by which fungi cause disease2）pathogen produces enzymes and toxins that degrade and kill plant cells from which the fungus can then obtain its nutrients3）toxin that is responsible for the bacteria-free chlorotic zone (halo) surrounding the necrotic leaf spots that contain the bacteria.4）Corynebactreium fascians, which auses the fasciation disease of peas, produces a cytokinin and that the fasciation disease symptoms could be induced on healthy plants after treatment with kinetin, which is an animal-derived cytokinin.2基本概念和知识点（1）fungi are the causes（2）toxin that is responsible for the bacteria-free chlorotic zone (halo)（3）pathogen produces enzymes and toxins that degrade and kill plant cells3问题与应用How do the pathogens cause plant diseases?（三）课后练习 Translate the text into Chinese（四）教学手段和方法(1) Students read the text and translate it into Chinese(2) Students read the text following teacher(3) Teacher ask students some questions in EnglishChapter 2 Pathogens（一）目的和要求通过学习，使学生掌握植物病原菌的一些常见英语词汇，同时加深学生的植物病理知识。（二）教学内容第一节 Plant diseases caused by fungi1主要内容(1)fungal morphology(2)fungal definition(3)reproduction(sexual and asexual reproduction)(4)homothallic, heterothallic ,hermaphroditic fungi (5)Deuteromycetes, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, zygomycetes, mastigomycetes2基本概念和知识点(1)fungal definition(2)reproduction(sexual and asexual reproduction)(3)homothallic, heterothallic ,hermaphroditic fungi (4)Deuteromycetes, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, zygomycetes, mastigomycetes3问题与应用(1)fungal definition(2)reproduction(sexual and asexual reproduction)(3)homothallic, heterothallic ,hermaphroditic fungi 第二节 Plant diseases caused by prokaryotes1主要内容1）Introduction to prokaryotes2) Classification of prokaryotes3) Kingdom: Prokaryote: Organisms with genetic material(DNA) not organized into a nucleus, i.e., not surrounded by a membrane. Bacteria: Have cell membrane and cell wall.Part : Gram-negative aerobic rods and cocci.Part : Gram-negative facultative anaerobic rods.Part : Irregular, Gram-positive, nonsporing rods.Part : Actinomycetes: Bacteria forming branching filaments.Part : Mollicutes: Prokaryotes that have a cell membrane but no cell wall.4) Plant diseases caused by bacteria5)Morphology6)Plant diseases caused by mycoplamalike organisms2基本概念和知识点1）mycoplasmalike organisms(MLO), rickettsialike organisms, spiroplasma2）morphology of prokaryotes3) diseases caused by prokaryotes4) classification of prokaryotes3问题与应用（1）How many genera is prokaryotes classified?(2) Can prokaryotes be cultured?第三节 Plant diseases caused by viruses1主要内容1）Introduction to viruses2) constituents of virus3)disrupting action of virus to host cell4)Characteristics of plant viruses5)Detection6)Satellite viruses, viroids, virusoids, and satellite RNAs7)Specific crop diseases by viruses2基本概念和知识点1）morphology of virus2) multiplication3) classification4) detection3问题与应用1）what shape does virus show?2) How does virus multiply?3) How are viruses classified?第三节 Plant diseases caused by nematodes1主要内容1）Introduction2）Morphology3）Anatomy4）Life cycles5）Ecology and spread2基本概念和知识点1）esophagus, intestine, rectum, ，anus，stylet，oviduct，uterus ， vulva. ， testis, seminal vesicle, intestine. copulatory spicules ，hermaphroditic, or parthenogenetic. 2）All nematodes have four larval stages,3）family Aphelenchoididae, Bursaphelenchus, Rhadinaphelenchus，root- knot nematodes: Meloidogyne3问题与应用1）what stage does the nematode begin to penetrate plant?2) what characteristics do Bursaphelenchus, Rhadinaphelenchus and Meloidogyne have?（三）课后练习 Translate the text into Chinese（四）教学手段和方法(1) Students read the text and translate it into Chinese(2) Students read the text following teacher(3) Teacher ask students some questions in EnglishChapter 3 Plant disease diagnosis-Final diagnosis（一）目的与要求通过学习植物病害发生特点、病状类型、病征类型、田间分布状况，初步掌握病害的诊断方法，为病害防治打下基础。（二）教学内容1主要内容1）Plant disease diagnosis（1） be able to identify a disease and disease-causing agent,（2） be able to narrow the problem down to several possibilities that will require further study in the laboratory before he can make a final diagnosis, or （3）be completely baffled by the problem.2）Final diagnosis(1) hypothesis and multiple iteration (2)Fungal leaf spots(3)Bacterial leaf spots(4)Vein banding(5)Mosaic and Ringspot(6)Leaf distortion(7)Powdery mildew(8)Presence of spores/spore structures(9)Leaf or needle tip death(10)Soil or chemical injury(11) Wilts(12)Shoot dieback（顶枯） or blights (13)Dying branches of trees and shrubs(14)Death of tree and shrub top(15)Overall stunting or decline (16)Damping-off2基本概念和知识点Hypothesis, iteration, symptom(general and special), sign(pathogenic structure),3问题与应用（1）How do you diagnose plant diseases ?(2) Illustrate the difference between infectious and uninfectious diseases（三）课外练习 Translate the text into Chinese（四）教学手段和方法(1) Students read the text and translate it into Chinese(2) Students read the text following teacher(3) Teacher ask students some questions in EnglishChapter4 Cultivar mixtures（一）目的与要求通过学习作物的混合栽培，了解其对病原物传播和病原物多样性的影响、对病原物稳定化选择的作用，揭示生物多样性对病害防治的作用机理。（二）教学内容1主要内容1）Introduction to cultivar mixture2) A negative consequence of genetic uniformity 3)A simple way to enhance genetic diversity is to mix the seed of cultivars(i.e. plant genotypes) that vary in their susceptibility to specific pathogens. This method ensures genetic diversification with the advantage that it can be used in addition to any other form of disease control.4)What is a cultivar mixture?5)Mechanisms by which cultivar mixtures suppress disease(1)Dilution effect(2)Barrier effect.(3)Induced resistance. Induced resistance occurs when biochemical host defenses are triggered by inoculation with an avirulent race. Triggering these defenses slows the infection process of virulent pathogen races to which the host is normally susceptible(more-).(4)Crops and diseases suited to cultivar mixturesa. Size of genotype unit areab. Steepness of dispersal gradientc. Ultimate lesion sized. Pathogen generation time6)China :Efficacy of rice miture against rice blast7)USA: Effect of cultivar mixtures2基本概念和知识点(1)crop mixture(2) genetic uniformity3)physiologic race4)genetic vulnerability5)genetic stabilization(stabilization choice)3问题与应用1）How is genetic stabilization made?2) How is genetic vulnerability caused?3) How are plant diseases controlled based on crop mixture?（三）课外练习1）Translate the text into Chinese2）Students search for information about plant disease control based on crop mixture on the internet（四）教学手段和方法(1) Students read the text and translate it into Chinese(2) Students read the text following teacher(3) Teacher ask students some questions in English(4) Teacher ask students to search for for information about plant disease control based on crop mixture on the interne so that students learn the newest development about disease controlChapter 5 Introduction of speial english for entomology（一）目的与要求了解昆虫纲的特征以及昆虫与人类的关系（二）教学内容1 主要内容1) Definition of the insecta (hexapoda)2) Insect and Man2 基本概念和知识点1) the characteristics of arthropods 2) the relationship between insect and man3问题与应用（三）课外练习Exercise 1: Insect Stucture（四）教学手段和方法(1) Students read the text and translate it into Chinese(2) Students read the text following teacher(3) Teacher ask students some questions in English(4) Teacher ask students to search for for information about plant disease control based on crop mixture on the interne so that students learn the newest development about disease controlChapter 6 Taxonomy of insects（一）目的与要求了解昆虫的分类学的基本内容以及专业术语.（二）教学内容1 主要内容1) nomnclature 2) classification2 基本概念和知识点nomnclature of insects, classification of animals3问题与应用（三）课外练习Exercise 2:The Integument （四）教学手段和方法(1) Students read the text and translate it into Chinese(2) Students read the text following teacher(3) Teacher ask students some questions in English(4) Teacher ask students to search for for information about plant disease control based on crop mixture on the interne so that students learn the newest development about disease controlChapter 7 structure of insect（一）目的与要求了解昆虫的外部形态结构以及专业术语（二）教学内容1 主要内容1) head2) thorax and associated structure 3) Abdomen and Associated structures4) The Integument2 基本概念和知识点head;thorax and associated structure ;Abdomen and Associated structures;The Integument3问题与应用（三）课外练习Exercise 3:Mouthparts modifications（四）教学手段和方法(1) Students read the text and translate it into Chinese(2) Students read the text following teacher(3) Teacher ask students some questions in English(4) Teacher ask students to search for for information about plant disease control based on crop mixture on the interne so that students learn the newest development about disease controlChapter 8: Insect Growth（一）目的与要求了解昆虫的生长发育过程以及一些专业术语.（二）教学内容1 主要内容1) Maturation and oviposition2) Postembryonic development2 基本概念和知识点1) Oviposition is an extremely important phase in an insects life history2) The external appearance of insect eggs is extremely diverse.3) The number of eggs produced by females of different species is extremely variable3问题与应用（三）课外练习Exercise 4:Classification of insects（四）教学手段和方法(1) Students read the text and translate it into Chinese(2) Students read the text following teacher(3) Teacher ask students some questions in English(4) Teacher ask students to search for for information about plant disease control based on crop mixture on the interne so that students learn the newest development about disease controlChapter 9: Insect and Their Environment（一）目的与要求了解昆虫的生长与环境的关系以及一些重要的专业术语.（二）教学内容1 主要内容1) Definition2) Species diversity and numerical abundance of insects3) Environmental Conditions4) Environmental Conditions in a Crop Field2 基本概念和知识点1) Definition of ecology;2) physicochemical factors; 3) Biotic factors4) Food factors.5) Intraspecific factors6) interspecific factors,7) Life processes of insects 3问题与应用（三）课外练习Exercise 5:Insect pests management（四）教学手段和方法(1) Students read the text and translate it into Chinese(2) Students read the text following teacher(3) Teacher ask students some questions in English(4) Teacher ask students to search for f