2013考研英语基础班词汇讲义-李伟1.doc

给我两天，还你词汇成功之道。2013届考研英语词汇基础讲义English Vocabulary in Comprehension Period1. 考研英语词汇总述 （怎么考）-22. 考研词汇说文解字 （怎么学）-33. 考研词汇综合应用 （怎么用）-74. 附录：考研英语题源资料推荐-13 重复是记忆之母，理解是记忆之父。NETEM2013李 伟1. 考研英语词汇总述（怎么考）1.1 英语作为外语（EFL）词汇学习介绍 艾宾浩斯记忆与遗忘曲线1.2 词汇学习误区 死记硬背； 只记字面意思，忽视单词的其他意义； 单一的记忆方法； 词汇记忆缺少主次之分； 词典工具书使用不当。1.3 考研词汇考查方式与学习策略 二元单词学习法； 语义场学习法； 基于文本学习法； 基于构词法学习法。2. 考研词汇说文解字（怎么学）2.1 精选词缀第一辑： 表示否定第二辑： 一正一邪第三辑： 一前一后第四辑： 上上下下第五辑： 由远及近第一辑 表示否定用 法前 缀 名 称单 词 举 例表示否定un-unlock, unwillingnon-non-stop, non-smokerin-inadequate, infamousim-immature, immortalir-irregular, irrelevantil-illegal, illiterateig-ignorant, ignobledis-disable, disbelievedi-differ, divertde-defrost, denuclearizationmis-misfortune, misunderstandingmal-malfunction, malnutrition ab-abnormala-atypical, apolitical, amoralanti-antisocialunder-under-nutrition第二辑 一正一邪用 法前 缀 名 称单 词 举 例一正pro-=forwardprogresspropose一邪de-=down, downwarddegradedepreciatedegenerationdestruction第三辑 一前一后用 法前 缀 名 称单 词 举 例一前pre-=beforepreschoolpreferprecaution一后re-=again, back renewreviverefresh第四辑 上上下下用 法前 缀 名 称单 词 举 例上上over-= above, across, beyondoverestimateoverburdenovercrowdedsuper- /sur- /sop- /sove-= above, oversuperstructuresuperiorsurplus下下sub-= undersubtitlesubwayunder-= underunderestimateunder-abundant第五辑 由远及近用 法前 缀 名 称单 词 举 例由远及近tele- = far offtelevision, telescopeinter- / enter- / intel-= between, amonginterfere, internationalex- / e-= out (of)exit, external, eject com- / con- / co- / cor- / col-= togetherco-operation, coordinateem- / en- = in / into, make / giveenclose, enlarge, enrichin- / im-= in, into, oninclude, indoor, intakeper-= through, awayperpetual, persist, perennial2.2 精选词根第一辑： 千言万语第二辑： 看书识字第三辑： 自己动手第四辑： 来来往往第五辑： 明知故放第六辑： 川流不息第七辑： 手到擒来第八辑： 其他词根第一辑 千言万语1. claim, clam = cry, shout喊叫 【例词】exclaim：呼喊，惊叫2. dict = say 言，说，也作dic【例词】contradict：反驳，同相矛盾，与相抵触3. log = speak 言，说；另注：logu = speak【例词】eloquent：有口才的，雄辩的，有说服力的第二辑 看书识字4. spect =look 看；也作spic, spec【例词】retrospect：回顾，追溯5. vis, vid = see 看 【例词】invisible：看不见的6. gram = write, draw写，画，文字，图形，也作graph【例词】telegram：电报7. liter = letter 文字，字母 【例词】illiteracy：不识字，文盲，未受教育，无知第三辑 自己动手8. ag = do, act 做，动 【例词】agent：代理人9. fact = do, make 做；也作 fac，fec【例词】manufacture：制造，加工10. mob = move 动 【例词】immobile：不动的，固定的11. oper = work 工作 【例词】co-operate：合作，协作第四辑 来来往往12. ced = go 行走，也作ceed，cess【例词】intercession：居间调停，调解，说情13. cept = take 拿，取 【例词】intercept：截取，截击，拦截，截断14. cur, curs, cour, cours = run跑【例词】incursion：进入，侵入，入侵，侵犯15. fer = bring, carry 带，拿 【例词】transfer：转移，传递，转让16. gress = go, walk 行走 【例词】retrogress：后退，退步，退化17. it = go 行走 【例词】exit：出口，退出，太平门18. port = carry 拿，带，运 【例词】transportation：运送，运输，客运，货运19. ven = come 来 【例词】intervene：干预，干涉，介入第五辑 明知故放20. cogn = know 知道 【例词】cognition：认识，认知21. sci = know 知 【例词】conscious：有意识的，自觉的22. pon = put 放置 【例词】postpone：退后，推迟，延期23. pos = put 放置 【例词】expose：揭露，揭发，使暴露第六辑 川流不息24. flu = flow 流 【例词】 superfluous：过剩的，多余的25. fus = pour 灌，流，倾泻 【例词】transfuse：移注，灌输，输（血）第七辑 手到擒来26. hibit = hold 拿，持，握 【例词】exhibit：展出，展览，陈列，展示27. tain, ten, tin = hold握，持，守【例词】maintain：保持，保存，维持第八辑 其他词根28. ann = year 年，也作enn【例词】anniversary：周年纪念日，周年纪念29. bell = war 战争 【例词】rebel：反叛，反抗30. brev = short 短 【例词】abbreviation：缩写，缩短，节略，缩写词31. clar = clear 清楚，明白 【例词】clarify：讲清楚，阐明，澄清32. cord = heart 心 【例词】discord：不一致，不协调，不和33. liber = free 自由 【例词】liberate：解放，使获自由，释放34. miss = send 投，送，发；也作mit, mis 【例词】transmit：传送，播送，发送35. nomin = name 名 【例词】nominate：提名，任命36. tract = draw 拉，抽，引【例词】tractor：拖拉机37. vac = empty 空，也作vacu【例词】evacuate：撤走，疏散，撤离3. 考研词汇综合应用怎么用【真题应用示范】冷僻词汇1.同位释义Euthanasia, often called mercy killing, has now been in practice in some countries even if it is still a controversy. Obesity, or fatness, has become a global epidemic affecting the lives and health of millions of people.About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared.2.逻辑释义On passing through the prism, the ray of light was transformed into a row of seven colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.Jane was talking with others all the time while Eliza remained reticent all the time.Stones are a better conductor of heat than soil. Or put it another way, soil is a better insulator than rock.So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. She is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye.3. 偏正释义The explorers decided that this was a fossil of an extinct animal that once lived but does not exist now. 4. 近义释义It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom or at least confirm that hes the kids dad. All he needs to do is shell out $30 for paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore and another $120 to get the results.paternity and kinship testing ancestry testinggenetic testing DNA testing5. 语音释义外来词：Hormone, Mahjong, koala, clair, madam, delta, El Nino,应用词汇1.熟词僻义Hot air. Hot cellHot debateIts very hot here! I am hot!Reasoning plays a decisive role in the debate.The executives are going to summer at the seaside next week.This phenomenon clearly mirrors a terrible social crisis: This trend echoed by the chart can be viewed as an optimistic change in our daily life.These seemingly brutal animals wont attack unless they are cornered. Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology.2.热点词汇【范例一】In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. . Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Rodriguez notes that , yet “some Americans to the nations assimilative power.” （2006年阅读第1篇）21.The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means _.A identifyingB associatingC assimilating（C）D monopolizing【范例二】Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. （2009年阅读第1篇）21. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by being A. casualB. familiarC. mechanicalD. changeable【范例三】In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. . （2008年阅读第3篇） 31. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to _.A illustrate the change of height of NBA players.B show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S.C compare different generations of NBA players.D assess the achievements of famous NBA players.【范例四】Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that and the railroads therefore have them by the throat. （2003年阅读第3篇）51.According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because _.A cost reduction is based on competitionB services call for cross-trade coordinationC outside competitors will continue to exist（C）D shippers will have the railway by the throat【范例五】. Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal governments Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and will work only in truly extreme cases. （2003年阅读第3篇）53.It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that _.A shippers will be charged less without a rival railroadB there will soon be only one railroad company nationwideC overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief（C）D a government board ensures fair play in railway business【范例六】In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw- having extracted them from the months of his slaves.Thats far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books.（2008年阅读第4篇）36. George Washingtons dental surgery is mentioned to _.A show the primitive medical practice in the past.B demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.C stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.D reveal some unknown aspect of his life.【范例七】In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Todays families . As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had . （2007年阅读第3篇）31.Todays double-income families are at greater financial risk in that _.A the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.B their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.C they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.（C）D they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.【范例八】Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming are nearly always made, not born. （2007年阅读第1篇）24.Ericsson and his colleagues believe that _.A talent is a dominating factor for professional success.B biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.C the role of talent tends to be overlooked.（D）D high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.识记词汇合成、派生、混合曲折迂回A：合成Policymaker, lawmaker, moonlight, moonbeam, mooncraft, warhorse, warpath, warlord, greenhouse, green-eyed, greenroom, palmtop, counterbalance, rainbird, ladybird, dog days B：派生desertification,futurologist, forepayment,C：混合motel, bioterrorist, Interpol, heliport, ecosystem, Netizen【阅读应用示范】A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the worlds best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Koreas LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. Americas machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of Americas industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvards Kennedy School of Government. “It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, D.C. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”1.The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because _.A it had made painstaking efforts towards this goalB its domestic market was eight times larger than beforeC the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors（C）D the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy2.The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American _.A TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic marketB semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprisesC machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions（D）D auto industry had lost part of its domestic market参考答案：CDWhen it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isnt cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as shed like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “Im a good economic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do without when theyre concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillards department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I dont know if other clients are going to abandon me, too.” she says.1.By “Ellen Spero isnt biting her nails just yet” (Lines 1-2, Paragraph 1), the author means _.A Spero can hardly maintain her businessB Spero is too much engaged in her workC Spero has grown out of her bad habit（D）D Spero is not in a desperate situation参考答案：D【完形应用示范】The United States is widely recognized to have a private economy because privately owned businesses play 41 roles. The American free enterprise system 42 private ownership more than public sectors. Private businesses produce 43 goods and services, 44 almost two-thirds of the nations total economic output goes to 45 for personal use. The consumer role is 46 great, in fact, that the nation is sometimes characterized as having a “ 47 economy”.This emphasis 48 private ownership arises, 49 , from American beliefs about personal freedom. From the time the nation was 50 , Americans have 51 excessive government power, and they have sought to 52 governments authority over individualsincluding its role in the economic realm. 53 , American generally believe that an economy largely with private ownership is likely to operate more 54 than 55 with substantial government ownership. When economic forces are unfettered, America