【优化方案】高考英语第二轮专题复习 专题十七 词义猜测提分训练.doc

专题十七词义猜测(2013高考新课标全国卷，c)given that many peoples moods (情绪)are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate，it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drugstore of chinese medicine.looking like a setting from the film charlie&the chocolate factory，singapores chocolate research facility (crf) has over 100 varieties of chocolates.its founder is chris lee who grew up at his parents corner store with one hand almost always in the jar of sweets.if the crf seems to be a smart idea，thats because lee is not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing department that has business relations with big names such as levis and sony.that idea surely results in the imagination at work when it comes to making different flavored (味道) chocolates.the crfs produce is “green ”，made within the country and divided into 10 lines，with the alcohol series being the most popular.the exotic serieswith sichuan pepper，red bean (豆)，cheese and other flavorsalso does well and is fun to taste.and for chocolate_snobs，who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others，the connoisseur series uses cocoa beans from togo，cuba，venezuela，and ghana，among others.44what is good about chocolate?ait serves as a suitable gift.bit works as an effective medicine.cit helps improve the state of mind.dit strengthens business relations.45why is chris lee able to develop his idea of the crf?ahe knows the importance of research.bhe learns from shops of similar types.che has the support of many big namesdhe has a lot of marketing experience.46which line of the crf produce sells best?athe connoisseur series.bthe exotic series.cthe alcohol series.dthe sichuan series.47the words “chocolate snobs” in paragraph 3 probably refer to people who_.aare particular about chocolate bknow little about cocoa beansclook down upon othersdlike to try new flavors【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。巧克力可以调节人的情绪，现在新加坡的crf正在帮你生产出令你满意的巧克力。那么，它有哪些优势呢？44解析：选c。细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话可知，巧克力可以调节人的情绪。a项在文中未提及；文中并未提及巧克力有药物的功效，故b项错误；文中提到crf的创始人chris lee 有广泛的商业人脉，但这并不说明巧克力能加强商业关系，排除d项。所以选c。45解析：选d。细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知lee不仅仅是一个经验丰富的销售员，而且是一个与一些大品牌有业务往来的市场部经理，因此可以知道他有许多市场经验，正是他丰富的市场经验使得他的理念得以发展。所以选d。46解析：选c。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话中.with the alcohol series being the most popular.可知alcohol series线的产品卖得最好，所以选c。47解析：选a。词义猜测题。根据chocolate snobs后面的定语从句who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others，the connoisseur series uses cocoa beans from.可知这些人对制作巧克力的原料很挑剔，所以选a。b项为“对可可豆了解很少”；c项为“瞧不起别人”；d项为“喜欢尝试新口味”。ep portable heater(2013高考北京卷，a)we all know that the cost of heating our homes will continue to be a significant burden on the family budget.now millions of people are saving on their heating bills with the ep portable heater.with over one million satisfied customers around the world，the new ep heats better and faster，saves more on heating bills，and runs almost silent.the ep has no exposed heating parts that can cause a fire.the outside of the ep only gets warm to the touch so that it will not burn children or pets.the ep will not reduce oxygen in the room.with other heaters，youll notice that you get sleepy when the heat comes on because they are burning up oxygen.the advanced ep also heats the room evenly，wall to wall and floor to ceiling.it comfortably covers an area up to 350 square feet.other heaters heat rooms unevenly with most of the heat concentrated to the center of the room.and they only heat an area a few feet around the heater.with the ep，the temperature will not vary in any part of the room.the ep comes with a 3year warranty (保修) and a 60day，no questions asked，satisfaction guarantee.if you are not totally satisfied，return it at our expense and your money will be given back to you.now we have a special offer for 10 days，during which you can enjoy a half price discount and a free delivery.if you order after that，we reserve the right to either accept or reject order requests at the discounted price.take action right now!56what is mainly discussed in paragraph 2?athe heat of the ep.bthe safety of the ep.cthe appearance of the ep.dthe material of the ep.57from the passage，we can learn that the ep_.adoesnt burn up oxygenbruns without any noisecmakes people get sleepydis unsuitable for children and pets58the underlined word“evenly”in paragraph 4 probably means_.acontinuously bseparatelycquickly dequally59the main purpose of the passage is to_.apersuade people to buy the productbadvise people to save on heating billscreport the new development of portable heatersdcompare the functions of different heater brands【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，属于广告文体，介绍了一种新型的便携式暖风机。与其他的暖风机相比较，它有很多优点，写这篇文章的目的是让读者买他们的产品。56解析：选b。主旨大意题。本题考查考生整体把握、提炼信息、概括部总结段落大意的能力。a项“ep暖风机的热量”；b项“ep暖风机的安全”；c项“ep暖风机的外表”；d项“ep暖风机的材料”。由第二段的内容可知，这种暖风机不会引起火灾，不会烫伤孩子和宠物，显然是在讲它的安全性，故正确答案为b项。57解析：选a。细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句话the ep will not reduce oxygen in the room.可知，这种ep暖风机是不会降低室内的氧气含量的，就是说该暖风机不消耗氧气，故正确答案为a项。58解析：选d。词义猜测题。由文章第四段可知，此处把ep暖风机与其他的类似产品相比较，这种暖风机能够把墙、门、天花板都加热，不像以前的产品，只加热附近小片区域，因此该词义为“均匀地，平等地”，故d项正确。59解析：选a。推理判断题。a项“说服人们买该产品”；b项“建议人们节省加热的钱”；c项“报道便携式暖风机的最新发展”；d项“比较不同品牌暖风机的性能”。根据文章内容可知，本文为广告文体，向大家介绍了一种新型的暖风机，与其他的暖风机相比，它有自己的优点，其目的是让读者买他们的产品，因此a项正确。(2013高考重庆卷，d)not all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the atlantic ocean，an sshaped body of water covering 33 million square miles.the atlantic has，in a sense，replaced the mediterranean as the inland sea of western civilization.unlike real inland seas，which seem strangely still，the atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness.it is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much written about by ancient poets.“storm at sea”，a short poem written around 700，is generally regarded as one of mankinds earliest artistic representations of the atlantic.when the wind is from the westall the waves that cannot rest to the east must thunder on where the bright tree of the sunis rooted in the oceans breast.as the poem suggests，the atlantic is never dead and dull.it is an ocean that moves，impressively and endlessly.it makes all kinds of noiseit is forever thundering，boiling，crashing，and whistling.it is easy to imagine the atlantic trying to draw breathperhaps not so noticeably out in midocean，but where it meets land，its waters bathing up and down a sandy beach.it mimics(模仿)nearly perfectly the steady breathing of a living creature.it is filled with symbiotic existences，too：unimaginable quantities of creatures，little and large alike，mix within its depths in a kind of oceanic harmony，giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat，a kind of subocean vitality.and it has a psychology.it has personalities：sometimes peaceful and pleasant，on rare occasions rough and wild; always it is strong and striking.68unlike real inland seas，the atlantic ocean is_.a.always energeticb.lacking in livelinessc.shaped like a squared.favored by ancient poets69what is the purpose of using the poem “storm at sea” in the passage?a.to describe the movement of the waves.b.to show the strength of the storm.c.to represent the power of the ocean.d.to prove the vastness of the sea.70what does the underlined word “symbiotic” mean?a.living together.b.growing fast.c.moving harmoniously.d.breathing peacefully.71in the last paragraph，the atlantic is compared to_.a.a beautiful and poetic placeb.a flesh and blood personc.a wonderful worldd.a lovely animal【语篇解读】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。表达了对大西洋的赞美。大西洋一直是很活跃的，它的力量强大得无可比拟，它狂野不羁。68解析：选a。细节理解题。第一段最后两句话谈到大西洋具有丰富的海洋活跃分子，不像真正的内陆海一样平静，vitality和energetic表达的意思相近，故答案为a项。69解析：选c。作者意图判断题。根据倒数第二段最后两句“it is an ocean.whistling.”可推知本文选用“storm at sea”这首诗的目的是说明大西洋力量的强大，它会制造各种各样的噪音永远轰鸣、翻滚、冲击、呼啸，所以选择c项。70解析：选a。词义猜测题。“it is filled with symbiotic existences.”之后的内容是对这一句的解释。根据画线单词上文中的a living creature和下文中的mix，harmony可知，symbiotic意为“混合的，共生的”，指的是“那些难以想象的大量的生物，无论大小，都混合在一起共生”。71解析：选b。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的heartbeat“心跳”，psychology“心理”，personalities“个性，品质”可推知作者把大西洋比作了一个有血有肉的人，故答案为b项。(2013高考山东卷，d)sparrow is a fastfood chain with 200 restaurants.some years ago，the group to which sparrow belonged was taken over by another company.although sparrow showed no sign of declining，the chain was generally in an unhealthy state.with more and more fastfood concepts reaching the market，the sparrow menu had to struggle for attention.and to make matters worse，its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.sparrow failed to grow for another two years，until a new ceo，carl pearson，decided to build up its market share.he did a survey，which showed that consumers who already used sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain，while customers of other fastfood chains were unwilling to turn away from them.sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign.pearson faced a battle over the future of the sparrow brand.the chains owner now favored rebranding sparrow as marcys restaurants.pearson resisted，arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to sparrow restaurants were fun.such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time.pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success，rather than customers spending power.finally，the owner accepted his idea.the campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fastfood industry.the tv ads of sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars.instead of showing the superiority of a specific product，the intention was to put sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new sparrow image.for example，he offered to lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain increase in their turnover(营业额)these efforts paid off，and sparrow soon became one of the most successful fastfood chains in the regions where it operated.71which was one of the problems sparrow faced before pearson became ceo?athe number of its customers was declining.bits customers found the food unhealthy.cit was in need of financial support.dmost of its restaurants were closed.72what does the underlined word“them”in paragraph 2 refer to?acustomers of sparrow restaurants.bsparrow restaurants.ccustomers of other fastfood chains.dother fastfood chains.73for what purpose did pearson start the advertising campaign?ato build a good relationship with the public.bto stress the unusual tradition of sparrow.cto learn about customersspending power.dto meet the challenge from marcys restaurants.74the tv ads of sparrow _.achanged peoples views on pop starsbamused the public with original songs cfocused on the superiority of its products dinfluenced the eating habits of the audience 75what was pearsons achievement as a ceo?ahe managed to pay off sparrows debts.bhe made sparrow much more competitive.che helped sparrow take over a company.dhe improved the welfare of sparrow employees.【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文。主要讲述了sparrow快餐店的ceo carl pearson在sparrow经营不善的情况下，采用了一种新的广告宣传方式，与顾客之间建立了一种积极的关系，吸引了潜在的顾客，使它最终成为了最著名的快餐连锁店之一。本文皆在告诉读者新颖的经营理念决定着企业的命运。71解析：选c。细节理解题。根据第一段中的第三句although sparrow showed no sign of declining.可知sparrow的业绩并没下降，因此选项a“它的顾客数目在下降”是错误的；“它的顾客发现食物不健康”以及“它的大部分餐馆被关闭”在文中并未提及；而根据第一段最后一句.its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.知sparrow需要财政支持，故选项c为正确答案。72解析：选d。词义猜测题。画线单词them前面提到sparrow已有的顾客对连锁店抱着积极的态度，而其他快餐店的顾客不愿意离开别的快餐店，由此可知them指代的是“其他的快餐连锁店”，故选d项。73解析：选a。细节理解题。根据第三段中的such an attempt to establish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time.可知pearson发动广告宣传的目的是为了与公众建立一种良好的关系。句中的positive与选项a中的good对应，因此选a项。74解析：选b。细节理解题。根据第四段中的the tv ads of sparrow focused on enterainment and featured original songs performed by a variety of stars.可知广告是靠新颖的原创歌曲来吸引人的，故选项b为答案。第四段中的第一句指的是改变了传统的广告模式，而不是改变了人们对流行明星的看法，因此选项a是错误的；根据第四段的最后一句instead of showing the superiority of a specific product.可知选项c“注重产品的优势”是错误的；选项d“影响了观众的饮食习惯”在文中未提及。75解析：选b。推理判断题。根据最后两段中的内容，pearson又作出了其他决定，树立了sparrow的新形象，他的努力获得了成功，sparrow成了最成功的快餐连锁店之一，可知pearson的成就是使sparrow更有竞争力了，故答案为b。选项a“他设法还清了sparrow的债务”，选项c“他帮助sparrow接管了一家公司”以及选项d“他提高了sparrow员工的福利”在文中均未提及。(2013高考福建卷，a)when i was 12，all i wanted was a signet (图章) ring.they were the “in” thing and it seemed every girl except me had one.on my 13th birthday，my mum gave me a signet ring with my initials(姓名首字母) carved into it.i was in heaven.what made it even more special was that it was about the only thing that wasnt being “replaced”wed been burnt out in fires that swept through our area earlier that year and had lost everythingso most of the “new” stuff (东西) we got was really just to replace what wed lost.but not my ring.my ring was new.then，only one month later，i lost it.i took it off before bed and it was missing in the morning.i was sad and searched everywhere for it.but it seemed to have disappeared.eventually，i gave up and stopped looking for it.and two years later，we sold the house and moved away.years passed，and a couple of moves later，i was visiting my parents when mum told me that she had something for me.it wasnt my birthday，nor was it easter or christmas or any other giftgiving occasion.mum noticed my questioning look.“youll recognize this one，”she said，smiling.then she handed me a small ring box.i took it from her and opened it to find my beautiful signet ring inside.the family who had bought our house 13 years earlier had recently decided to do some redecorations，which included replacing the carpets.when they pulled the carpet up in my old bedroom，they found the ring.as it had my initials carved into it，they realized who owned the ring.theyd had it professionally cleaned up by a jeweler before sending it to my mother.and it still fits me.56the underlined word “in” in the first paragraph probably means“_”afashionable bavailablecpractical drenewable57when she got the ring back，the writer was about _.a13 years old b15 years old c26 years old d28 years old58which of the following is true according to the passage?athe writers family moved several times.bthe writer never stopped looking for her ring.cthe writers ring was cleaned up by the new house owner.dthe writer lost her ring in the morning when she took it off.59what would be the best title for the passage?amy new ring blost and found clost and replaced dan expensive ring【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文，记叙了作者自己所珍爱的一枚“图章戒指”失而复得的故事。56解析：选a。词义猜测题。根据第一句“当我12岁的时候，我想要一枚图章戒指”，及画线词后面阐述的it seemed every girl except me had one“除了我，几乎每个女孩都有一枚这样的戒指”，可推断in的意思为fashionable“流行的，时髦的”，只有如此才能说明作者期望拥有一枚这样的戒指。选项中其他词的含义为：available有效的，可得到的，可利用的，空闲的；practical实用的；renewable可再生的，可更新的，可继续的。57解析：选d。细节理解题。根据文章第一段可知“在我13岁生日的时候，妈妈给了我一枚这样的戒指作为生日礼物”，后来这枚戒指丢了；再根据第三段的最后“两年后我们卖掉了房子”和倒数第二段中“13年前买我们房子的那家人对房子进行装修，换地毯时发现了我丢失的戒指”，由此可计算出作者的戒指失而复得的时间为作者28岁时。58解析：选a。细节理解题。结合文章第四段years passed，and a couple of moves later.可知“作者一家搬了好几次家”，因此选项a正确。由第三段知“作者在晚上睡觉前摘下了戒指，第二天早晨就找不到了”，因此选项d错误。由文章倒数第二段最后一句可知c项错误。由第三段倒数第二句可知b项错误。59解析：选b。主旨大意题。本文以一枚“图章戒指”为线索，记叙了作者这枚戒指失而复得的过程，因此选项b是文章的中心。最大干扰项是d项an expensive ring“一枚昂贵的戒指”，这枚戒指仅仅是作者的妈妈送给她的生日礼物，原文并没有说这枚戒指是昂贵的，因此选项d错误。(2013高考广东卷，d)while jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class，a monitor(监控器)a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.using a web camera equipped in jennifers los angeles apartment，the monitor in phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room.her internet access was lockedremotelyto prevent internet searches，and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was：did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? or was she slowing down?in the battle against cheating，this is the cutting_edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education.the technology gives trust to the entire system，to the institution and to online education in general.only with solid measures against cheating，experts say，can internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are validthat students havent just searched the internet to get the right answers.although online classes have existed for more than a decade，the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of“open online courses.”private colleges，public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field.spending millions of dollars to attract potential students，while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.aside from the web cameras，a number of other hightech methods are becoming increasingly popular.among them are programs that check students identities using personal information，such as the telephone numbers they once used.other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones.as in many university classes，term papers are scanned against some large internet data banks for cheating.41why was jennifer watched in an online exam?ato correct her typing mistakes.bto find her secrets in the room.cto prevent her from slowing down.dto keep her from dishonest behaviors.42the underlined expression cutting edge in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to_.aadvanced techniquebsharpening toolceffective ruleddivi