2011职称英语A真题及讲解.doc

2011年全国职称英语等级考试真题及答案综合类（A级）第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1 For someobscurereason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A unclear B obvious C major D minor2 The sea turtles natural habitat has beenconsiderablyreduced.A greatly B suddenly C generally D slightly3 I got a note from Moiraurgingme to get in touch.A instructing B notifying C pushing D inviting4 It is possible toapproachthe problem in a different way.A raise B pose C experience D handle5 The decision to invadeprovokedstorms of protest.A ignored B organized C caused D received6 Jane said that she couldnttoleratethe long hours.A spend B take C last D stand7 At 80, Peck was stillvigorousand living in Paris.A energetic B happy C alone D busy8 Forester stared at his car,tremblingwith rage.A shaking B turning C jumping D shouting9 A young man is beinghaileda hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reported B proved C praised D caught10 I wanted to ask her out but wasscaredthat she might refuse.A anxious B sure C sad D afraid11 At that time, we did not fullygraspthe significance of what had happened.A give B attach C lose D understand12 Anderson left the table,remarkingthat he had some work to do.A doubting B saying C thinking D knowing13 Heassertedthat nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintained B recommended C considered D acknowledged14 The study also notes asteadydecline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relative B general C continuous D sharp15 She alwaysfinds fault witheverything.A criticizes B simplifies C evaluates D examines第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。The Forbidden AppleNew York used to be the city that never sleeps. Theses days, its the city that never smokes, drinks or does anything naughty (at least, not in public). The Big Apple is quickly turning into the Forbidden Apple.If you wanted a glass of wine with your picnic in Central Park, could you have one? No chance. Drinking alcohol in public isnt allowed. If you decided to feed the birds with the last crumbs (碎屑) of your sandwich., you could be arrested. Its illegal. If you went to a bar for a drink and a cigarette, that would be OK, wouldnt it? Erno. You cant smoke in public in New York City.Whats going on? Why is the city that used to be so open-minded becoming like this? The mayor of New York is behind it all. He ahs brought in a whole lot of new laws to stop citizens from doing what they want, when they want.The press are shocked. Even the New York police have joined the argument. They recently spent $100,000 on a Dont blame the cop campaign. One New York police officer said, We raise money for the city by giving people fines for breaking some very stupid laws. Its all about money.The result is a lot of fines for minor offences. Yoav Kashida, an Israel tourist, fell asleep on the subway. When he woke up, two police officers fined him because he had fallen asleep on two seats (you mustnt use two seats in the subway). Elle and Serge Schroitman were fined for blocking a driveway with their car. It was their own driveway.The angry editor of Vanity Fair magazine, Graydon Carter, says, Under New York City law it is acceptable to keep a gun in your place of work, but not an empty ashtray. He should know. The police came to his office and took away his ashtray (烟灰缸)。But not all of the New Yorks inhabitants are complaining. Marcia Dugarry, 72, said, The city has changed for the better. If more cities had these laws, America would be a better place to live, Nixon Patotkis, 38, a barman, said, I like the new laws, if people smoked in here, wed go home smelling of cigarettes.Recent figures show that New York now has fewer crimes per 100,000 people than 193 other US cities. And its true-its safe, cleaner and more healthy than before. But lets be honest-who goes to New York for its clean streets?16. Some activities have recently become illegal in New York.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17. It is now illegal to smoke or drink alcohol anywhere in New York.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18. Eating apples in the park is illegal.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19. The businessmen like the new laws.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20. Elle and Serge Schronitman parked their car on the public driveway.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned21. The editor of Vanity Fair magazine thinks some of the new laws are stupid.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22. New York is cleaner and safer than before.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第14段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。Are You a Successful LeaderAlmost nothing we do in this world is done in isolation. At work or at play, youll find yourself in groups, working with other people: your team at work, a meeting with colleagues, your family, a holiday with friends, a group of students working together, a day out walking in the mountains, a group of neighbors wanting to make changes. It is now recognised that being able to work successfully with other people is one of the major keys to success, partly because we need to do it so often.In almost every situation where youre in a group, you will need a skilled leader. All groups need leaders and all successful groups have good leaders. Groups without leaders or with weak leaders almost always break down. Members of a leaderless group often begin to feel dissatisfied and frustrated. Time is wasted and the tasks are not achieved. There are often arguments and tensions between people as there is nobody to keep the goals clear. Some personalities dominate and others disappear. Often group members begin not to come to meetings in order to avoid more disharmony.Some people are natural leaders. The celebrity chef, Antonio Carluccio says, True leaders are born and you can spot them in kitchens. Theyre people who combine toughness, fairness and humour. Although a lot of people agree that there are some natural-born leaders, most people now recognise that leadership can also be taught. Our professional and experienced staff can train almost anyone how to be a successful leader. Good leaders dont make people do things in a bossy, controlling way. You can learn how to involve everyone, encouraging the whole group to work towards a common goal.Our training courses use activities and techniques to develop a range of qualities which are necessary to be a good leader. Self-confidence is vital for you to overcome your own fears about being a leader. Successful leaders also need to be calm and intelligent. They need to be able to work out good strategies and make sound judgments under pressure. Lastly, and probably most importantly, good leaders need to be sensitive, sociable and be able to get on with a wide range of people. Good leader ship is essentially the ability to influence others and good leaders allow all members of the group to contribute.23. Paragraph 1_24. Paragraph 2_25. Paragraph 3_26. Paragraph 4_A. A good leader needs a variety of qualities.B. These techniques are used to train leadersC. Training can make good leadersD. Most of good leaders are natural-bornE. Its important to have a good leaderF. People are in groups27. One of the major keys to success is_.28. Groups often break down because of_.29. Good leaders always avoid _.30. Self-confidence is the key to _.A. the ability to work with othersB. encouraging group membersC. lack of good leadersD. bossing people aroundE. working out good strategiesF. overcoming fears about being a leader第4部分：阅读理解（第31 45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇 The Smell of MoneyFor many years large supermarkets have been encouraging us to spend money by pumping the smell of freshly-baked bread into their stories. Now Dale Air, a leading firm of aroma (香气) consultants, has been approached by Barclays Bank to develop suitable artificial smells for their banks. Researchers have suggested that surrounding customers with the smell if money will encourage them to feel relaxed and optimistic and give them added confidence in the banks security and professionalism.But before a smell can be manufactured and introduced into banks air conditioning systems. It must be identified and chemically analyzed, and this has proved to be difficult. The problem is that banknotes-and coins tend to pick up the smell of their surroundings. So cash that has been sitting in a cash register at a fishmongers (鱼贩) will smell of fish, and banknotes used to pay for meals in restaurants will tend to smell of food.It may be a challenge, but aroma experts have little doubt that the use of artificial smells can be an effective form of subconscious advertising. Lunn Poly, a British travel company, introduced the smell of coconuts (椰子) into its travel agencies and saw a big increase in spending by holiday makers. Many cafes now have electric dispensers (自动售货机) that release the smell of freshly roasted coffee near their entrances, subtly encouraging customers to come in and have a drink or snack. Even prestigious car maker Rolls-Royce has been spraying the inside of its cars to enhance the smell of the leather seats.The sense of smell is probably the most basic and primitive of all human senses, explains researcher Jim ORordan. There is a direct pathway from the olfactory (嗅觉的) organs in the nose to the brain. It is certainly true that most people find certain smells incredibly strong, stringing memories and feelings in a way that few other stimulants (刺激物) can rival. It is a phenomenon marketing consultants have long recognized, but until recently have been unable to harness. Weve made great progress but the technology of odour production is still in its infancy, says ORiordan, Who knows where it will take us.31. Artificial smells have NOT been used in _.A cafesB banksC travel agenciesD supermarkets32. Researchers believe that introducing the smell of money into banks will encourage people_.A to spend moneyB to feel confident about banksC to earn more moneyD to withdraw money from banks33. The difficulty of producing the smell of money lies in that_.A peoples attitudes toward money are differentB its hard to identify and analyze itC no technology can do itD experts have no motive34. The word harness in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to _.A seeB studyC controlD understand35. Researchers think_.A artificial smells help to improve peoples memoryB the technology to produce artificial smells is in the early stageC artificial smells are harmfulD the production of artificial smells is profitably第二篇 Spoilt for ChoiceChoice, we are given to1 believe, is a right. In daily life, people have come to expect endless situations about which they are required to make decisions one way or another. In the main2, these are just irksome moments at work which demand some extra energy or brainpower, or during lunch breaks like choosing which type of coffee to order or indeed which coffee shop to go to. But sometimes selecting one option as opposed to another can have serious or lifelong repercussions. More complex decision-making is then either avoided, postponed, or put into the hands of the army of professionals, lifestyle coaches, lawyers, advisors, and the like, waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee. But for a good many people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, created by companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares.The main impact of endless choice in peoples lives is anxiety. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness, even paralysis（瘫痪）, in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted in order to solve the problem and reduce the unease. Recent surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that a sizeable proportion of electrical goods bought per household are not really needed. The advertisers and the manufacturers are, nonetheless, satisfied.It is not just their availability that is the problem, but the speed with which new versions of products come on the market. Advances in design and production mean that new items are almost ready by the time that goods hit the shelves. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The classic example is computers, which are almost outdated once they are bought. At first, there were only one or two available from a limited number of manufacturers, but now there are many companies all with not only their own products but different versions of the same machine. This makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease into a shop and buy one thing; no choice, no anxiety.The plethora （过剩）of choice is not limited to consumer items. With the greater mobility of people around the world, people have more choice about where they want to live and work - a fairly recent phenomenon. In the past, nations migrated across huge swathes of the earth in search of food, adventure, and more hospitable environments. Whole nations crossed continents and changed the face of history. So the mobility of people is nothing new. The creation of nation states and borders effectively slowed this process down.36. Sometimes people ask professionals to help them make decisions because_.A the decisions may have serious impact on their livesB only professionals have the right to do thatC they have sufficient money to payD they have emotional problems37. When people cannot easily decide what to buy, which of the following is the least possible choice?A Giving upB Walking awayC Buying an unsuitable itemD Seeking advice38. Why do products have a short lifespan nowadays?A They are of poor quality.B They are quickly replaced with new ones.C They have too many versions.D They are not designed by computers.39. How does migration today differ from that of the past?A People now migrate to find better jobs.B People now migrate for better life.C People now migrate for better environments.D People now have more choice about where to migrate.40. Which of the following best expresses the writers view on choice?A Better more choice than no choiceB Better no choice than more choiceC All choice is easyD More choice, more anxiety第三篇 Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking?Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication-having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health.On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning (扫描) equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldnt remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employers doctor didnt agree.What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about.As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that its best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, its wise not to use your mobile phone too often41. People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that_.A theyre popularB theyre cheapC theyre usefulD theyre convenient42. The world detected in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by_.A curedB removedC discoveredD caused43. The salesman retired young because_.A he disliked using mobile phonesB he was tired of talking on his mobile phoneC he couldnt remember simple tasksD hi