初中英语阅读中生词词义的猜测.doc

初中英语阅读中生词词义的猜测剑阁县抄手附中母建文无论是精读还是泛读英语，总会遇到一些陌生的单词和短语，也涉及到猜测单词短语的意思，平时可以查词典得出确切的意思，但在考试时只能利用平时训练的猜词的方法。所以有必要介绍最常见的猜测词意的方法，或许下面的几种方法会对阅读理解中猜测词意有帮助。1.利用定义英语中，在陌生表达后面，通常有短语或者句子对其解释，我们可以利用它来推测陌生表达的意思。For example: . Lions are carnivores, any animal that eats meat.多数学生不知道的意思，但是同学们可以根据any animal that eats meat，知道其意思是“食肉动物”。Everyone has a growth spurt(高峰)during puberty. The age for starting puberty is about 10 for girls and about 11 for boys. But it can be earlier or later -between 7and 13for girls and 15 for boys. 根据The age for starting puberty is7and 13for girls and 9and15 for boys.我们可以知道该单词意思“生长发育期”。2.根据例子为了说明某一概念，作者常常采用举例的方式进行具体的说明，最常见的信号词有：special, for example(instance), that is, such as, especially, include, like, consist of 等等For example; Many United Nations employees are polyglots. Mr. Li, can speak six languages. 根据can speak six languages,我们可以知道其意思是“通晓多种语言者”。 These foreigners have left form the aerodrome. That is the place that their plane flies from. 参考That is the place that their plane flies from， 我们知道其意思“飞机场”。3.依照同义词或短语在英语中表同义的词主要有：or ,and ,in other words等等For example: In this play, she wears a flimsy or thin summer dress 根据or thin summer dress，我们知道其意思是“轻薄的。The woman is wearing a pink smock or coat. 根据or coat，我们可知其意思是“外套”。4. 参照反义词或短语英语中表反义的词汇常见的有：but ,however ,while ,otherwise等等。For example: Production peaked in January, however, was the lowest in December. 根据however, was the lowest in December 我们可知其意思“最低”。 Toms coat is sordid, but Mikes coat is very clean. 根据，我们可知其意思是“肮脏的”5. 通过描述性的短语或句子For example: The small town has many useful amenities, like a pub, a bank, a hospital, a school, a post office and so on. 依据like a pub, a bank, a hospital, a school, a post office and so on.我们可知其意思是“方便的设施”。Please get me a clop, Tom said, but his brother saw the tree and then said there werent eatable ones on the tree because theyre none ripe(成熟). 根据but his brother saw the tree and then said there werent eatable ones on the tree because theyre none ripe(成熟)，我们可知其意思是“可吃的果子”。6.联系常见构词法）词缀 在常见的单词前面或后面加上某些字母而构成一个新的词，根据构词法我们可知它们的意思。它分为前缀和后缀。最常见的前缀有： un-, dis-, il- ,in-, im-表否定；mis-错误地；mini-微小的例如：untrue不真实 dishonest 不诚实impossible不可能 misspell错误拼写 minibus微型车最常见的后缀有： 名词后缀：-er, -or , -ist ee表人 如：thinker , sailor ,scientist动词后缀：-ize, -en, -ify 如：widen, modernize ,beautify形容词后缀：-ly, -ful, -less, -able ,like 如：useful, homeless ,eatable, childlike副词后缀：-ly, -wise方向，样子，, -ward朝 如backward clockwise(顺时钟方向的)合成 将两个或以上的单词组成一个新的词 像good-looking, high-class, hard-working , airsick bloodtest ,handwriting, waterway)转化 即同一个单词词形上不变，意思上发生变化，转为另一个意思 如：book书预定, map地图绘制, fingers手指抚摸7.通过上下文与前后的联系根据该单词所处的语境，运用推理及其他知识来推断出该单词的意思。For example: The old woman wore her spectators and began to read books.根据and began to read books，我们可以推测其意思是“眼镜”。A hibernating animal doesnt wake in winter. It usually sleeps in winter. 根据It usually sleeps in winter 可以知道其意思是“冬眠”。实践应用（ ）1.That was how a good opportunity right under the nose of a beautiful girl ran away.A. 就在鼻子下 B.想得到的 C. 就在眼前的（ ）2.Stuff a piece of dry cloth into the bottom of a glass so that it will not fall out when the glass is turned down. A.填塞 B撕裂 C取下( ) 3. In fact, only about ninety ocelots, an endangered wild cat exist in the USA.A 猫 B 夜猫 C野猫（ ）4.The Toms have spent much money in appliances, for instance, computers, refrigerators, color TVs and washing-machines etc.A 电 B 电器 C点读机（ ）5.We managed to salvage or save a few pictures from the fire.A 拯救 B 调整 C浇水（ ）6.Mikes mother is a nannywoman whose job is to take care of the young children of two to six at school.A 阿姨 B 护士 C保姆（ ）7.Li Mings always dawdling, but his sister is hurry.A 匆忙 B 闲荡 C奢侈（ ）8.In the USA, therere no excuse for not doing your ass