【创新设计】（广东专用）高考英语 Unit 10 Money单元测试 北师大版必修4(1).doc

unit 10money第一部分：语言知识及应用(共两节，满分45分)第一节：完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从115各题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。this idea is known as “the selffulfilling prophecy”when you believe the team will perform well，in some strange，magical way they do.and _1_，when you believe they wont perform well，they dont.there is enough experimental _2_ to suggest that the selffulfilling prophecy is true.one unusual _3_ in 1911 concerned a very clever horse called hans.this horse had the reputation for being able to _4_，multiply，subtract，and divide by tapping out the answer with its hooves.the extraordinary thing was that it could do this without its trainer being present.it only needed someone to put the _5_.on investigation，it was found that when the questioner knew the answer，he or she _6_ various very subtle body language clues to hans such as the raising of an eyebrow or the dilation(扩大)of the nostrils(鼻孔)hans simply picked up on these clues and continued _7_ until he arrived at the required answer.the questioner expected a(an) _8_ and hans obliged.in similar vein，an experiment was carried out at a british school into the _9_ of a new intake of pupils.at the start of the year，the pupils were each given a rating，_10_ from “excellent prospect” to “unlikely to do well”these were totally _11_ ratings and did not reflect how well the pupils had previously performed.nevertheless，these ratings were given to the teachers.at the end of the year，the experimenters _12_ the pupils performance with the ratings.despite their _13_ abilities，there was an astonishingly high _14_ between performance and ratings.it seems that people perform as well as we _15_ them to.【解题导语】 本文讲的是试验者通过对狗和小学生的调查实验发现自我实现预言是真有这么回事这也是皮格马利翁效应。1a.hopefully bsimilarlycsuddenly dfortunately答案b前后两种情况是类似的，故选b。2a.outcome bway cdata dprocedure答案c表示有足够的资料可以证明自我实现预言是真的，故选c。3a.experiment bmethodcchoice dexperience答案a根据前面experimental.应是一个非同寻常的实验。4a.count badd cspeak dthink答案b加、减、乘、除中的加用add，故选b。5a.problems banswers cclues dquestions答案d与前面the answer对应的是questions，故选d。6a.sent out bgave out chanded out dlet out答案a这里要表示的是提问的人问hans传递各种各样的微妙的身体语言提示，故选a。7a.counting bbeating cbiting dtapping答案d前面提到hans是靠马蹄轻敲出答案，故选d。8a.answer bresponse creply dhelp答案b从后面hans obliged提示，发问者希望得到hans的响应，故选b。9a.study bcharactercperformance dpersonality答案c对新入学学生的表现进行实验，下面也有提示，故选c。10a.distinguishing brangingcdiffering ddividing答案brange from.to.表示“范围从到不等”之意，其它选项表示“区分”之意。11a.deliberate bparticularcspecial darbitrary答案d根据did not reflect how well the pupils had previously performed.应是完全任意的等级评估，故选d。12a.compared bprovided csupplied dconnected答案a这里表示的是“试验者将学生的表现和等级评价进行对比得出结论”，而不是进行简单的联系起来，故选a。13a.true bauthentic creal dfalse答案c人的真实能力，应用real，故选c。14a.correlation bsimilaritycdifference daccuracy答案a实验者经过比较发现：学生的表现与等级评价有惊人的高度相关，故选a。15a.want border cexpect dpersuade答案c与第一段相呼应，我们希望人们表现好他们就会表现好，故选c。第二节：语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。when very small dinosaur bones were found in a germany mine people thought they were from baby dinosaurs._16_ scientist martin sanders work shows that they were probably fully _17_(grow) and belong to the smallest giant dinosaur species ever found.growth marks on dinosaur bones are similar _18_ growth rings on trees.the rings are far apart while the animal is young and growing quickly._19_ get closer as growth slows.“it is _20_(exact) these tight ring marks that we found in the fossil(化石)bones，” says sander.so the fossils must have been from adult animals._21_ was this german dinosaur so much smaller than other giant dinosaurs，which grew up to 45 metres long and weighed as much as a thousand humans 150 million years ago，most of germany was underwater.scientists think that _22_ water levels rose，there was less and less land and food available.the dinosaur _23_(force) to adapt and evolved into a smaller animal _24_(need) less space and food.since 1998，scientists have dug up more than 1,000 dinosaur fossils in the mine.it is one of the few places in the world _25_ the bones and footprints of dinosaurs have been found together.【解题导语】 本文是一篇有关体型最小的成年恐龙骨架化石研究的文章。16解析根据前后意思应理解为转折，故填副词but，应注意首字母要大写。答案but17解析动词grow变为过去分词作表语(可理解为形容词)，从后文可理解为“他们(恐龙)属于已完全成长的而且最小体型的恐龙物种”。答案grown18解析搭配be similar to。答案to19解析代词缺少主语，指代the rings。答案they20解析形容词变为副词exactly正是进一步加强强调句式的语气，若为exact，理解为精确的、准确的，与前后意思不通。答案exactly21解析疑问副词。首先，问号为解题关键，同时后半部分为非限制性定语从句，在解题时可以先去掉不管，就变为一个较为简单的特殊问句，结合前后意思可确定为why。答案why22解析状语从句when/as表示为“当”。答案when/as23解析动词一般过去式的被动结构，指被迫适应。答案was forced24解析现在分词作定语，needing相当于that needed。答案needing25解析引导定语从句，修饰places。答案where第二部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节：阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项。aprobably the hardest part of setting goals is the first step of actually deciding to take action！the first barrier facing most people is the incorrect assumption(假设)that goals are only for business people.the reality is everyone sets goals mentally throughout the day. there are always occasions where something has to be done at a particular time or in a particular place.simple examples could be getting up at a certain time in order to be at work，or to meet with a friend for an activity.the beauty of having goals is the uniqueness(独特性)of each one to the goal setter.whether it is personal，financial，or business，they are all specific to that person and their situation.the most important part is to write them down.having goals written down gives you power while helping you to focus on this area.aim for something that will stretch you while remaining achievable.if you achieve your goal too easily，it is not high enough to make any significant change in your life.on the other hand，if you often keep missing the goals，consider setting them a little lower as you will only get discouraged and probably give up.the aim is to keep you growing and moving into a more satisfactory position.as you reach the levels that you have set for yourself，always include a small reward at each point.this might only be a small thing in the early days like a meal out or a weekend vacation.remember that these changes will not happen overnight and there will be a period of time when nothing seems to be happening.this is why the goals need to be detailed and as specific as possible with a result and benefit.allow some time on a daily basis to educate yourself on how to make the necessary adjustments in your life.this could include listening to a cd，or reading a book，etc.a simple method to start with could be one goal in the main areas of life to be achieved in one month，six months，twelve months or five years.break that down further into a daily，weekly and monthly system.stay focused and stick to achieving all that you desire.【解题导语】 我们要设立适合自己的目标，并努力在一定的时间内实现。26the simple examples in paragraph 1 tell us that_.agoals are set mostly for important thingsbmost people know when it is time to set goalscpeople set goals to get things done all the timedit is necessary to set goals once in a while答案c推理判断题。从文章第一段中的“simple examples could be getting up at a certain time in order to be at work，or to meet with a friend for an activity.”可以推出。27the charm of having goals is that each goal is_.aimportant bachievablecspecial dspiritual答案c主旨大意题。从文章第二段中“the beauty of having goals is the uniqueness of each one to the goal setter”中的uniqueness(独特性)得到暗示。28a good goal is one that is _.aeasy enough for you to feel nicebhigh enough yet attainablecalways in a satisfactory positiondchanged from time to time答案b推理判断题。从文章第四段中的“if you achieve your goal too easily，it is not high enough to make any significant change in your life.”和“the aim is to keep you growing and moving into a more satisfactory position”可以推出。29goals have to be detailed so that people_.awill eventually reach the levels set for themselvesbcan know their achievements at each stagecmay get small rewards such as a meal outdcan adjust them on various occasions答案b细节理解题。从文章倒数第三段“remember that these changes will not happen overnight and there will be a period of time when nothing seems to be happening ”可以找到答案。30for a goal to be achieved，one has to_.abelieve in whatever he is doingbadapt oneself to new changescchange from routine sometimesdconcentrate on it until you reach it答案d归纳总结题。文章的最后一段对整篇文章进行归纳总结，制定了目标，就要集中精力把它实现。bresearchers have demonstrated a pennysized“nuclear battery” that produces energy from the decay of radioisotopes.the team hopes to make nuclear batteries much smaller still.as radioactive substances decay(衰变)，they release charged particles that when properly harvested can create an electrical current.nuclear batteries have been in use for military and aerospace applications，but are typically far larger.the university of missouri team says that the batteries hold a million times as much charge as standard batteries.they have developed it in an attempt to scale down power sources for the tiny devices that fall under the category of microand nanoelectromechanical systems.the means to power such devices has been a subject of study as vigorous as the development of the devices themselves.nuclear batteries are an attractive proposition for many applications because the isotopes(同位素)that power them can provide a useful amount of current for extraordinary long timesup to hundreds of years or more.as a result，they have seen use in spacecraft that are fired far off into the cosmos(宇宙)but for applications here on earth，their size has limited their use.the missouri team，led by jae wan kwon，employed a liquid semiconductor to capture and use the decay particles.most nuclear batteries use a solid semiconductor to harvest the particles，but the particlesextremely high energies means that the semiconductors suffer damage over time.this means that to build a battery that can last as long as the isotope inside，they must be built larger.the teams solution includes a liquid semiconductor，in which the particles can pass without causing damage.they are now working to further miniaturise the batteries.and although the whole idea depends on the use of radioactive materials，the devices are safe under normal operating conditions.“people hear the word nuclearand think of something very dangerous，”dr jae said.“however，nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices，such as pacemakers，space satellites and underwater systems.”【解题导语】 研究人员展示了一块一便士大小的“核能电池”，该电池可利用放射性同位素的衰变产生电能。31the best title of the passage should be_.athe applications of isotopesbtiny“nuclear batteries”unveiledcthe smallest battery in the worlddthe decay of radioisotopes答案b主旨大意题。从文中第一段的researchers have demonstrated a pennysized“nuclear battery”that produces energy from the decay of radioisotopes.知，研究人员展示了一分钱大小的由放射性同位素的衰变产生能量的“核电池”。而下文所阐述的都与这种电池有关。32what do nuclear batteries use to produce energy?aa solid semiconductor.bthe decay of radioactive substances.ca liquid semiconductor.dcharged particles.答案b细节理解题。由第三段的as radioactive substances decay，they release charged particles that when properly harvested can create an electrical current.可知，核电池利用辐射物质的衰变来产生电流。33according to the passage，nuclear batteries have been used in the following fields except_.aspacecrafts bspace satellitescmilitary fields da car industry答案d细节理解题。由第四段的nuclear batteries have been in use for military and aerospace applications，but are typically far larger.可知，核电池已经被用于军事和航天方面。a和b都与航天领域有关。34when mentioning nuclear power，people consider it to be_.auseful bdangerous cenergetic dpowerful答案b细节理解题。由倒数第二段的people hear the word “nuclear”and think of something very dangerous.可知。35in the nuclear batteries，the semiconductor is used to_.adecrease the damage to batteriesbcapture charged particlescpower a variety of devicesdcombine the charged particles答案b细节理解题。由倒数第六段的most nuclear batteries use a solid semiconductor to harvest the particles 可知。cwelcome to log on a new web sitescience news for kids!our goal is to offer timely items of interest to kids，accompanied by suggestions for handson activities，books，articles，web resources，and other useful materials.our emphasis is on making the web site appealing by offering kids opportunities to comment on and grade the subject matter，get ideas for science projects，and try out mathematical puzzles.at the same time，we offer teachers creative ways of using science news in their classrooms.the science news for kids web site，funded by grants from several corporations and foundations，enhances the usefulness of science news in the middleschool classroom and offers recreational reading and activities for students interested in science.a section of the science news for kids web site is devoted to particular interests.at present，we have six such zones：a weekly brainteaser for those who enjoy solving and inventing puzzles(puzzlezone)，entertaining sciencefiction composition exercises for those interested in writing (scifizone)，and weekly science fair profiles along with science project ideas and tips(sciencefairzone)the gamezone contains a small selection of logic and memory games，implemented as java applets(小应用程序)the_teacherzone has materials，including question sheets related to the feature article of the week，so that teachers can bring science news topics to the classroom.the labzone features a weekly handson activity or science project idea.in the future，we might add additional zones，for example，for kids interested in robotics，the environment，computers，mathematics，or veterinary medicine(兽医)and animals.contact us at editor .science news for kids1719 n street，n.w.washington，dc 20036phone：2027852255fax：2026590365【解题导语】 本文是对一个科学类网站的介绍，这个网站是专为孩子们开设的。36science news for kids is a web site mainly devoted to_.aintroductions to the newlypublished science booksbuseful teaching materials for teachers in schoolscelectronic games for those interested in computersdtimely news for children interested in science答案d细节理解题。从第2段第1句“our goal is to offer timely items of interest to kids 可知，science news for kids，.”这个网站的主要目的是向孩子们提供及时的有趣的科技新闻。37where is the science news for kids web site located in?anew york bwashington，dcclos angeles dphiladelphia答案b细节理解题。从文章后面附的联系地址和电话号码部分可以得知，这个网站位于washington，dc。38what makes the web site an attractive one to the children?aoffering recreational reading meterials in science.btrying out interesting and challenging mathematical puzzles.coffering kids opportunities to comment on and grade the subject matter.dall of the facts mentioned above.答案d细节理解题。综合文章第2和第3段内容可知。39which of the following messages cant you find on science news for kids?abrazils air traffic controllers back at work after 6hour strike.btaking a big bite isnt always the best strategy in this twoplayer game.castronomers have discovered a “family”of related objects in a region of the solar system.dwhat is onehalf of twothirds of threequarters of fourfifths of fivesixths of seveneighths of eightninths of ninetenths of 10,000.答案a推理判断题。通读全文可知，这个网站主要是关于科学技术方面的内容，为了增加趣味性还设计了一些数学智力测验和一些益智游戏，b、c、d三项对应上述内容。只有a项“巴西空中交通管理员经过六个小时的罢工后复工”与这个网站内容无关。40jenny has much imagination and sense of wonder and intends to be a writer in the future.which section of the website is she likely to be interested in?apuzzlezone blabzonecscifizone dsciencefairzone答案c推理判断题。从第5段介绍的“.entertaining sciencefiction composition exercises for those interested in writing(scifizone)，.”可知，scifizone(科幻区)有一些有趣的科幻写作练习，专为爱好科幻写作的孩子设计，因此适合jenny的情况。dgrowing up in philadelphia，lieberman started cooking with his stayathome dad when he was seven.his foodloving family had two kitchens，and he quickly learned what was the best way to bake his cakes.lieberman improved his kitchen skills greatly during a year abroad before college，learning from a cook in italy and studying local specialties(地方特色菜)in germany，spain and france.at yale，he was known for throwing dinner parties，singlehandedly frying and baking while mixing drinks for dozens of friends.just for fun，he and some friends decided to tape a show named campus cuisine about his cooking.lieberman was a real college student showing his classmates how to do things like making drinks out of dininghall fruit.that helped the show become very popular among the students.they would stop lieberman after classes to ask for his advice on cooking.tapes of the show were passed around，with which his name went beyond the school and finally to the food network.food network producer flay hopes the young cook will find a place on the network television.he says liebermans charisma is key.“food tv i