【创新设计】（教师用书）高考英语二轮复习 核心考点三 代词（含解析）.doc

核心考点三代词高考考查的重点【考向聚焦】在句中用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。近3年来，高考重点考查不定代词，所考题量占所考代词总量的50%左右，其次是it的用法和替代词。试题的设计注重语境设置，要求考生将句子意思和句子结构联系起来选出正确的代词。因此，做题时要在熟练掌握各类代词基本用法的基础上，特别注意句意和句子结构的结合，只靠死背语法是很难奏效的。1(2013辽宁，29)to her joy，della earned first the trust of her students and then _ of her colleagues.athat bone cones dthose解析句意：della先赢得了学生的信任，然后赢得了同事的信任，此处用于替代不可数名词trust，故用that。如果代替可数复数名词用those或the ones。答案a2(2013江西，23)_ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it.aanybody beverybodycnobody dsomebody解析句意：如果他不喜欢的话，不可能会有人40年擅长一件事情。nobody意为“没有人”。答案c3(2013山东，21)ive lived in new york and chicago，but dont like _ of them very much.aeither bany ceach danother解析句意：我在纽约和芝加哥都居住过，但这两个地方我都不喜欢。短语not.eitherneither(两者都不)。答案a4(2013陕西，22)although rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years，she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life.asome bneither cnone dall解析句意：虽然rosemary这些年患上了一种严重的疾病，但是她并没丧失对生活的热情。根据语境可知选否定词，排除a、d两项，而neither指两者，应予以排除。答案c5(2013天津，12)at our factory there are a few machines similar to _ described in this magazine.athem bthese cthose dones解析考查用于比较对象替代的代词。句意：在我们工厂有一些与这份杂志中描述相似的机器。those替代可数名词复数，而that替代不可数名词。答案c6(2013四川，2)the traffic on the main street has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones.aone bthis cthat dit解析考查比较对象的替代。通常可以用that替代不可数名词，those替代复数名词。此处the traffic为不可数名词，故用that来替代。答案c7(2013新课标，14)its an eitheror situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _.aothers beither canother dboth解析句意：这是一个只能二选一的处境我们可以在今年买一辆新车，或者去度假，但是我们不可能两件事都做。not.both表不完全否定(并非两者都)。答案d8(2013重庆，31)recycling is one way to protect the environment，reusing is _.aanother bthe other cone another done解析句意：回收是保护环境的一种方式；再利用是另一种方式。a“(泛指)另一个，再一个”；b“(特指)两者中的另一个”；c“互相”；d“一个”。another可替代a/onen.故选a。答案a9(2013安徽，27)this project requires close teamwork._ will be achieved unless we work well together.anothing banythingcsomething deverything解析句意：如果我们不一起良好合作，我们就不会取得任何成就。故选a。答案a10(2013浙江，11)half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.athesee bsome cones dthose解析根据横线后定语surveyed in 16 countries可知，意为被调查的那些人中的一半。故选d。答案d自查自纠表题号12345678910得分考点正误思考我的盲点：我将_。【典例1】 my brother would like to buy a good watch but _ was available from that shop.(2012江西)anothing bnone cno one dneither解析句意：我弟弟想买块好表，但是那家商店没有。none表示“在一定范围内(三者或三者以上)一个也没有”。nothing指物，表示“一个也没有”时，无范围限制，不与of连用；no one表示“没有一个人”；neither表示“两者都不”。答案b【典例2】 i knew that _ would ever discourage him；he would never give up wanting to be a director.(2011湖南)asomething banything ceverything dnothing解析句意：我知道没有什么能够阻止他，他将永远不会放弃成为一名导演。考查代词。根据句意可知选d。答案d1john has tried many ways to solve the physics problems, but _ works.ano one banything cnone dnothing解析根据语境可知，此题应填代词none指代not any way。句意：约翰已经尝试了许多解决这些物理难题的方法，但是没有一种方法有效。答案c2how do you find your new classmates?most of them are kind, but _ is so good to me as bruce.anone bno one ceveryone dsomeone答案anone，nothing，nobody(no one)的用法none指人或物，相当于no名词；可回答how many，how much的提问；可与of连用how much money do you have？none.你有多少钱？一点也没有。i want some more cheese，but theres none left.我想再吃点奶酪，但是一点也没剩。as we were asleep，none of us heard the sound.由于我们在睡觉，因此没人听到那声音。nothing指物；可回答what的提问what are you doing now？nothing.你现在在干什么？什么也没干nobody (no one)指人；可回答who的提问who is in the room？no one/nobody.谁在屋里？没人。no one无任何人nothing无任何物none无所提及的人、物【典例3】 he had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _ of them again.(2010重庆)aneither beither ceach dall解析句意：战争期间他发脾气且损害了健康；但现在哪一样都没有了。考查代词。根据题干中的temper和health，可知设空处指的是两者，故排除d项；each指两者或两者以上的每个，不符合题意；题干中出现了never，故排除表否定的neither；never与either连用，表示全部否定，故为答案。答案b【典例4】 john，when shall we meet again，thursday or friday?_.ill be off to london then.(2012重庆)aeither bneither cboth dnone解析句意：约翰，我们什么时候再见一次面，周四还是周五？都不行，我那个时候要去伦敦。根据答语中的ill be off to london then.可知需选表否定意义的代词，排除a、c两项，根据问句中的thursday or friday可排除d项(none三个或三个以上都不)。答案b3it was hard for him to learn english in a family, in which _ of the parents spoke the language.anone bneither cboth deach答案b4which of the three optional courses did you like best，joe?to tell you the truth，i didnt like _ of them.aeither bboth cany dneither答案ceither，both，neither，all，none，any的常见用法如下：两者三者或三者以上【典例5】 neither side is prepared to talk to _ unless we can smooth things over between them.(2010全国)aothers bthe other canother done other解析考查代词用法。句意：双方都不肯与对方交谈，除非我们消除他们之间的隔阂。根据句中的neither可知共有两方，所以指双方中的另外一方用the other。答案b【典例6】 the manager believes prices will not rise by more than _ four percent.aany other bthe other canother dother解析选项a意为“任何其他的”，选项b意为“(特指)其他的”或“两者中的另一个”，选项d意为“其他的”，用在本题中均不合适。很多考生因为分不清它们的用法，且又没有看懂句意，从而误选这些答案。根据句意“经理认为价格的上涨不会再超过4%”可知，another为本题的正确答案。在英语中，“another基数词名词”结构相当于“基数词more名词”结构，意为“再/又”。故正确答案为c。答案c5no progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _.aothers bthe other ceither danother答案b6would you like to go and watch a tennis match this weekend with us?im sorry, but ive got _ plans.aother banother csome dmore答案a在英语中，other(s)，the other(s)，another是常用的代词，它们的用法如下：(1)other意为“其他的”，其后常接可数名词复数形式，也可接不可数名词，表示泛指概念。(2)others意为“其他的人或物”，其后不可以接名词，因为它相当于“other名词”结构，也表示泛指概念。(3)the other有两种常见用法：the other意为“其他的”，其后常接可数名词复数形式，也可接不可数名词，表示特指概念；the other意为“两者中的另一个”，常用于“one.the other.”结构。(4)the others意为“其他的人或物”，其后不可以接名词，因为它相当于“the other可数名词复数”结构，表示特指概念。(5)another意为“又/再”，常用于“another基数词名词”结构。该结构相当于“基数词more名词”这一结构。【典例7】 wow！youve got so many clothes.but _ of them are in fashion now.aall bboth cneither dnone解析句意：哇！你有那么多衣服啊。但是现在没有一件跟得上潮流的了。根据句意，空格处应用否定代词none，排除a、b两项。注意neither与none的用法不同：前者表示“两者都不”，后者表示“三者或三者以上都不”。答案d【典例8】 larry asks bill and peter to go on a picnic with him，but _ of them wants to，because they have work to do.(2012新课标全国)aeither bany cneither dnone解析考查代词的用法。句意：larry让bill和peter和他一起去野餐，但是他们两个人没有一人想去，因为他们都有工作要做。前面提到的是bill和peter两个人，再结合转折连词but和谓语动词wants可知是对两者进行否定，所以用neither。答案c7the exam was easy, wasnt it?yes, but i dont think _ could pass it.asomebody banybody cnobody deverybody答案d8i havent seen _ of her films, but judging from the one i have seen recently i think shes a promising actress.aboth bany ceither dnone答案a全部否定的不定代词：none, no one, nobody, nothing, neither, not any, no名词。部分否定的不定代词：not与all, both, everyone, everybody, everything等连用，其中not可以位于句首或句中。【典例9】 more than 68,600 foreigners are working in shanghai.the number is 13 times _ of 1996，when shanghai started issuing expatriate work permits.aone bones cthat dthose解析考查代词。句意：现在有超过68 600个外国人在上海工作。此数量是1996年开始签发侨民工作许可证时的13倍。此处that指代上文中的“number”。故正确答案为c。答案c【典例10】 i just choose a simpler lifestyle，_ where i can ride my bike all over and do not have to make a great living to survive.athat bit cone danother解析考查代词。句意：我只是选择了一种更简单的生活方式，一种可以骑自行车到处跑，不必为生活而奔波的生活方式。one是a simpler lifestyle的同位语。故正确答案为c。答案c9weve been looking for cheap houses but havent found _ yet.aone bother cit dthat答案a10the information on the internet gets around much more rapidly than _ in the newspaper.ait bthose cone dthat答案dthat, it, one, ones, those, the one(s)等都可以用作代词，但它们所指代的情况不同。(1)it通常用来指代上文提到过的那个事物，表示特指概念，即指代同一物。(2)one表示泛指概念，替代可数名词的单数形式。其复数形式ones也表示泛指概念，用来替代可数名词的复数形式。the one(s)也是替代可数名词，但表示特指概念。(3)that既可以用来指代不可数名词，又可以用来指代可数名词单数形式，表示特指概念，相当于“the名词”结构。(4)those用来指代可数名词复数形式，表示特指概念，相当于“the可数名词复数”结构。它是that(指代可数名词单数时)的复数形式。(5)当that或those在句中指代事物时，它们的后面通常使用一些后置定语，如：little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.(that指代不可数名词joy)特别提醒：(1)that只能代替事物不能代替人(定语从句除外)，one既可代替事物也可代替人。(2)“物主代词own”之后不能加one。(3)一般可以用this one，that one，较少用these ones和those ones。当ones前有形容词修饰时则可以用these和those。【典例11】 no matter where he is，he makes _ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.(2012陕西)ahim bthis cthat dit解析考查it作形式宾语。句意：不管他在哪儿，早餐前都要去散步，这是他的惯例。句中it用作形式宾语，不定式短语“to go for a walk before breakfast”是真正的宾语。答案d【典例12】 ive read another book this week.well，maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.athis bthat cthere dit解析考查强调句型。此处被强调部分为“not how much you read but what you read”。句意：这个星期我又读了一本书。嗯，也许重要的不是你读的量的多少而是你所读的内容。答案d11(2011江西)why dont you bring _ to his attention that youre too ill to work on?athat bit cthis dhim答案b12we have made _ clear that we are strongly against smoking in the office.athis bthat cit done答案cit的用法归纳(1)it的基本用法：it可以用作人称代词，指代事物或上文提到过的内容；在特定的环境中，也可指性别不详、身份不明的人或婴儿等；可以表示天气、时间、距离、金钱等。(2)it充当形式主语或形式宾语的用法(3)有关it的几个易混句型its time for sb to do sthit/this/that isthe first/second.timethat sb has/have done sthit will be时间段before sb do/does sthit is/has been时间段since sb did sthit is/was具体时间点when从句。(4)it可以用来构成强调句型这一句型可以对主语、宾语及状语进行强调。【典例13】 could you tell me how to get to victoria street?victoria street？_ is where the grand theatre is.asuch bthere cthat dthis解析that在此指代较远的地方。答案c【典例14】 surprisingly，susans beautiful hair reached below her knees and made _ almost an overcoat for her.(2011安徽)athem bher citself dherself解析考查代词。句意：令人惊奇的是，苏珊漂亮的头发垂到了膝盖以下，几乎成为了她的外套。此处itself指的是“头发本身”。答案c【典例15】 there is _ in his words.we should have atry.(2011四川)asomething banythingcnothing deverything解析由“我们应该试一试”可知，第一句句意应该为“他的话有道理”；代词something在此意为“重要的东西”，符合句意。答案a【典例16】 _ is the power of tv that it can make a person suddenly famous.asuch bthis cthat dso解析such作代词，指代后面要提到的名词the power。答案a13have you heard the latest news?no, what _？ais it bis there care they dare those答案a14to save class time，our teacher has _ students do half the exercise in class and complete the other half for our homework.aus bwe cour dours答案a15who called me this morning when i was out?a man calling _ robert.ahim bhimself chis d/答案b16some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are _.ahim and her bhis and hers chis and her dhim and hers答案b做题过程中要注意做到以下两点：1明确指代。我们首先要分析上下文，明确代词所代指的对象；代词指代的是人还是物；代词代指的是可数名词还是不可数名词；代词代指的是单数概念还是复数概念(是两者、三者还是三者以上)；是特指还是泛指。2逻辑关系。做题时，通过分析上下文所蕴含的逻辑关系做出正确的判断。可以从以下两个方面考虑：代词表示的范围；代词在句中构成的是全部否定还是部分否定。 1(2013北京东城区高三期末)i asked for some more cake，but there was _ left.ano one bnone ca little da few解析句意：我想再要一些蛋糕，但没有一个留下。此处none意为“一个没有”；no one意为“没有一个人”。答案b2(2013北京海淀区期末)john has always wanted an ipad and he has just saved enough money to buy _.aone bit cthis dthat解析句意：john想买一部ipad，他已攒够买一部的钱。此处onean.是同类指代。答案a3(2013北京西城区高三期末)being more realistic，the elderly have learned to focus on things that make them happy and let go of _ that dont.athem bit cthat dthose解析句意：更现实的是，年龄大的人已经学会了集中精力于让他们感到高兴的事，并放弃那些不能让他们高兴的事。此处thosethings。答案d4 toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but _ didnt help.ahe bwhich cit dnone解析句意：汤姆的母亲不断地告诉他应该更加努力地学习，可是没用。此处it didnt help意为“没有，不奏效”。it指代前面的内容。答案c5(2013济宁一中高考模拟)have you got any books on english grammar？id like to borrow _.yes，h