【创新设计】（教师用书）高考英语二轮复习 核心考点六 动词和动词短语（含解析）.doc

核心考点六动词和动词短语表达行为必不可少,【考向聚焦】动词与动词短语动词是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词类，它是构成句子的核心，是一个句子中不可缺少的成分。在考试大纲及考试说明中，动词占总词汇量的1/3以上，起着举足轻重的作用。动词和动词短语在历年高考题中所占比例最大，着重考查在不同的语境中对动词及动词短语的应用，以测试学生对基础知识的掌握程度。考纲要求考生在复习备考中主要掌握以下几个方面：动词的词义；动词搭配；及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法；熟记高频动词构成的短语的用法(例如：break，bring，call，come，cut，give，go，get，hold，look，make，put，set，take，turn等)。1(2013湖北，23)while intelligent people can often_the complex, a fool is more likely to complicate the simple.asacrifice bsubstitute csimplify dsurvive解析考查动词辨析。句意：聪明人经常会让复杂的问题简单化，而傻瓜更可能将简单的东西弄得更复杂。答案c2(2013福建，28)oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks _ in disasters.aturn down bturn out cbreak down dbreak out解析考查动词短语辨析。a项“调小，拒绝”；b项“结果证明”；c项“出故障，分解”；d项“爆发”。句意：当发生灾难无线网络无法用的时候，老式的电话就有作用了。故答案为c。答案c3(2013湖北，24)according to the law, all foreigners have to_with the local police within two weeks of arrival.aassociate bdispute cnegotiate dregister解析考查动词辨析。句意：按照法律规定，所有外来人员都得在到达两周后向当地警察登记。答案d4(2013江苏，23)the town is so beautiful! i just love it.me too.the character of the town is well _.aqualified bpreserved cdecorated dsimplified解析考查动词辨析。a项“合格的”；b项“保护”；c项“装饰”；d项“简化”。句意：城镇的特色得到了很好的保护。故选b。答案b5(2013江苏，29)team leaders must ensure that all members _ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.aget over blook over ctake over dcome over解析考查动词短语。a项“克服，战胜”；b项“检查”；c项“接管，接任”；d项“过来”。根据句意选a。答案a6(2013陕西，25)my uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking，but at least he has _.acut out bcut down ccut up dcut off解析考查动词短语。a项“裁剪，停止”；b项“裁短，减少”；c项“切碎，砍伤”；d项“砍下，切断”。句意：我叔叔还未能戒烟，但至少他已经少抽了。选b。答案b7(2013天津，2)if you are in trouble，mike is always willing to_a hand.alend bshake cwave dwant解析考查动词辨析。句意：如果你遇上麻烦，mike总是乐意帮助你。短语lend a hand意为“帮助”，故选a。答案a8(2013新课标，23)try not to cough more than you can_since it may cause problems to your lungs.acheck ballow cstop dhelp解析考查动词辨析。句意：由于咳嗽可能造成你肺的一些问题，因此要试图咳得不要超过你能忍受的范围。答案d9(2013浙江，9)when the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure to _ it with important points.aconclude blead cavoid dhold解析考查动词辨析。a项“终止，得出结论”； b项“领导，带领”； c项“避免”； d项“握着，持有，容纳”。句意：当小组讨论接近尾声的时候，一定要归纳出重点来结束。故答案为a。答案a10(2013浙江，12)a good listener takes part in the conversation，_ ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.arealizing bcopyingcoffering dmisunderstanding解析考查动词辨析。a项“意识到”； b项“抄写，复制”； c项“主动提供”； d项“误解”。句意：谈话中一个好的听众会提供观点和提出问题。故答案为c。答案c自查自纠表题号12345678910得分考点正误思考我的盲点：我将_。【典例1】 recently，these companies have _ some workers becames of the drop in economy.ahired bdismissed crefused demployed解析四个选项都是及物动词，且都可以与workers构成动宾关系，但从题干中的the drop in economy可知，只有b项符合题意。答案b【典例2】 when his brother was to cross the street，he was knocked down by a truck and badly _.ainjured bdamaged charmed ddestroyed解析这四个动词都有“伤害，损害”之意，但具体用法不同。injure指在意外事故中“受伤”；damage主要指对于物体的不彻底的破坏，这种破坏或因自然灾害所致，或因人为造成，常含可以修复之意；harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害，有时可指引起不安或不便；destroy表示毁坏十分彻底，常含无法修复再用之意。答案a1if she doesnt want to go，nothing you can say will _ her.apersuade bpromise cinvite dsupport解析考查动词辨析。句意：如果她不想去，你说什么也劝服不了她。persuade劝服，说服；promise承诺，预示；invite邀请；support支持、赡养。根据句意得出答案persuade。答案a2the good thing about the children is that they _ very easily to new environments.aadapt bappeal cattach dapply解析考查动词的辨析。句意：作为孩子的好处是他们很容易适应新环境。adapt to意为“适应”，符合语境。appeal to意为“呼吁”；attach to意为“附属于”；apply to意为“应用”。答案a【典例3】 i _ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products.amake blook ctake dthink解析take.as.意为“把当作/认为是”；另外，“look on.as.”和“think of.as.”也有此意。若用a项，需要把it后面的as去掉。答案c【典例4】 her shoes _ her dress，they look very well together.asuit bfit ccompare dmatch解析suit指“符合某人的口味，或颜色、款式等的相配或适合”；fit指“强调尺寸、大小或形状上的吻合”；compare意为“比较、对照”；match指“两个物体大小、色调、形状、性质等方面很相配，显得很协调”。答案d3with modern equipment，many mysteries have _ to light in recent years.abought bcome cthrown dappeared解析句意：由于有现代化的设备，近年来许多谜团被揭开。“揭露，将曝光”是come to light，故答案为b项。答案b4the card reads：“dear mom and dad，they are _ everyone write home.love，joey.”aadvising bsuggesting cletting dmaking解析分析句子结构可知，空缺处后面的write home是无to的不定式，作everyone的宾语补足语，由此可排除a项；suggest后面不能跟不定式作宾补，更不用说无to的不定式，由此排除b项；let作为使役动词时，无进行时态，也排除；只有make后面是跟无to的不定式作宾补的，所以答案为d。答案d英语中一些动词虽然词形相近，但意义不同(1)动词adapt, adjust, adopt的用法比较。adapt意为“改编，(使)适应”，常用结构为adapt (oneself) to .或be adapted to表示“改变自己以适应”。adjust意为“调整，调节，使适合”，常用结构为adjust (oneself) to .表示“适应”。adopt意为“收养，领养；采用”。(2)动词arouse, arise, rise, raise的用法比较。arouse意为“引起，激起；唤醒”。arise不及物动词，意为“发生，产生”。rise不及物动词，意为“上升，上涨”。raise及物动词，意为“抬高，举起，饲养，提出，筹集”。(3)动词acquire, require, request的用法比较。acquire及物动词，意为“(通过努力)取得，获得，学到”，其名词形式为acquirement。require及物动词，意为“需要，命令”，其名词形式为requirement。request及物动词，意为“请求，要求”，其名词形式仍为request。(4)动词expose, export, explode, explore的用法比较。expose意为“使暴露，使曝光，使遭受”，常用结构为expose sb/sth to表示“使暴露于或遭受；使接触”。export意为“出口，输出”。explode不及物动词，意为“爆炸”。explore意为“探索，探测”。【典例5】 the effect of the medicine on this kind of disease remains _.aseen bto be seen cseeing dto see解析句意：这种药对这种疾病的效果尚待观察。由题意可知，remain在此是用作系动词，且see这一动作还没有发生，答案锁定在b和d中间；“the effect”和“see”之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。答案b【典例6】 on hearing the news of the accident in the coal mine，she _ pale.agot bchanged cwent dappeared解析“got”作系动词时，表示人为所致成一个相对长的过程；“changed”是实义动词，不能接形容词作表语；“went”作系动词时表示情况变坏、糟糕；“appeared”表示表面是这样而事实上并非如此。答案c【典例7】 it was already past midnight and only three young men _ in the tea house.aleft bremained cdelayed ddeserted解析句意：早已过了半夜，仅有3位年轻人还留在茶房。“remain”作系动词，后可跟名词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词。不定式的被动式作表语。答案b5some people eat with their eyes.they prefer to order what _ nice.alooks bsmells cfeels dtastes解析考查动词的辨析。look为系动词，意为“看起来”。句意：有些人用眼睛选择东西吃，他们喜欢点看起来好的菜。smell“闻起来”；feel“感觉起来”；taste“尝起来”。答案a6happy birthday, alice！so you have _ twentyone already!abecome bturned cgrown dpassed解析turn表示“从某状态向对应状态的转化”，其后接不带冠词的名词。句意：艾丽丝，祝你生日快乐。你已经21岁了。become强调“变化后的持续性”；grow强调“(逐渐)变得”，均不符合语境。答案b7emergency line operators must always _ calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.agrow bappear cbecome dstay解析句意：急诊热线的接线员们必须一直保持冷静，并确保得到他们所需的所有信息以便派出救助。a项grow和c项become都表示“变化”，与always意义不符合；appear作系动词，表示“好像，似乎”之意，不符合题意。系动词stay意为“保持”，符合题意。答案d英语中系动词主要分为三种(1)状态及表像系动词be, appear, seem, look, feel, taste, sound, smell等。he is a great scientist.他是一位伟大的科学家。cotton feels soft.棉花摸起来软软的。he appears a normal person.他看起来是一个正常的人。(2)持续系动词remain, keep, stay, lie, stand等。he always keeps silent at meetings.他开会时总保持沉默。the weather still remained cold in april.四月的天气仍然很冷。he stayed single all his life.他打了一辈子的光棍。(3)变化系动词become, turn, get, grow, go, fall, come, run等。she grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就变得富有了。he became famous as a writer.他成了著名作家。his face went red with anger.他气得满脸通红。【典例8】 the present situation is very complex，so i think it will take me some time to _ its reality.amake up bfigure out clook through dput off解析make up意为“组成、化妆、编造”；figure out意为“理解、弄清楚”；look through意为“浏览”。句意：目前的形势非常复杂，因此我认为要花费我一段时间来弄清楚它的真实性。答案b【典例9】 you had better _ some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.(2012福建)aset aside btake up cput away dgive out解析句意：你最好每天留出点时间来做运动，这样才能使自己精力充沛。set aside意为“留出；拨出”；take up意为“占用；占据”；put away意为“放弃；把放好”；give out意为“发出；散发”。a项符合句意。答案a8born into a family with three brothers，david was _ to value the sense of sharing.abrought up bturned downclooked after dheld back解析句意：大卫出生于一个三兄弟的家庭，从小就被教育要重视分享。bring up意为“教育”，符合句意。turn down意为“关小(音量等)”；look after意为“照顾”；hold back意为“阻碍”。答案a9joining the firm as a clerk，he got rapid promotion，and _ as a manager.aended up bdropped outccame back dstarted off解析“他”开始是个普通职员，但晋升很快，成了经理。全句讲述“他”成长的历程，最后一空应填入一个表示与“结果”相关的短语，ended up最符合语境。答案a【典例10】 its going to rain.xiao feng，will you please help me _ the clothes on the line?aget off bget back cget in dget on解析get off意为“下车”；get back意为“回来”；get in意为“收集，收获”；get on意为“前进，进展”。表示“收衣服”要用“get in the clothes”。答案c【典例11】 i tried phoning her office, but i couldnt _.(2009全国)aget along bget on cget to dget through解析考查动词短语的辨析。句意：我尝试给她的办公室打电话，但打不通。根据句意可知，应填get through，意为“打通电话”。get along和get on都意为“相处，进展”；get to意为“到达”。答案d10please dont be _ by the text messages saying that you have won a shocking prize.ataken off btaken outctaken away dtaken in解析句意：不要被说你中奖了的短信所欺骗。take in意为“欺骗，蒙骗”，符合句意。take off意为“起飞”；take out意为“拿出”；take away意为“带走，拿走”，均不符合句意。答案d11we have to _ the wheat as soon as possible because a storm is on the way.aget away bget acrosscget through dget in解析句意：暴风雨就要来了，我们得尽快地把麦子收起来。get in意为“收割；收获”，符合语意。get away“离开；去度假”；get across“使(某事)传播或为人理解”；get through“与某人(通过电话)联系”，均不符合语境。答案d12youre telling me a lie.your facial expression has _ you _.agiven；away bgiven；outcgiven；off dgiven；up解析句意：你在对我说谎。你的面部表情已经出卖了你。give away意为“泄露，出卖”，符合语意。give out意为“分发；用完，耗尽”；give off“发出”；give up“放弃”，均不符合语境。答案a与不同介词(副词)搭配的动词(1)breakbreak away from脱离break down坏掉；出故障；垮掉break into闯入，破门而入break out(战争)爆发break in破门而入break off打断；中断break up打碎；(物理)分解；分开；结束；制止(2)callcall for需要，邀请call on/at号召；访问call in召集；召来call up召唤；召集；打电话call off取消(3)comecome about发生come across偶遇come to共计，达到，苏醒come true变为现实come up走上前，被提出come up with提出come into being形成come into use投入使用(4)getget about四处走动；传开get across传达get away逃脱，设法离开get down下来；记下get in收割；到达get off出发；下班get together聚会get through接通；通过get down to开始认真干get over克服get along/on with进展；相处get up起身，起床(5)givegive up放弃give in屈服give out用尽；分发give away泄露；赠送；颁发give off发出give back归还；使恢复(6)gogo against违背；对不利go ahead开始，进展，进行go after/for追逐，追求go without勉强维持；凑合go in for爱好，参加；从事go through通过；经历；审查go over复习；仔细审查go by过去，经过(7)holdhold back隐瞒；控制(情感)hold out维持；抵抗；硬撑hold up使耽搁hold on坚持；别挂(电话)hold together团结一致hold on to保留，抓住不放(8)makemake up for补偿，弥补make out辨认出make fun of取笑make up ones mind下定决心make sense有道理(意义)，讲得通make good/full use of充分利用make up编造；组成；构成；补齐；凑足(9)putput aside把放在一边put away把收好put down扑灭，平息put forward提出put off延期；推诿put out扑灭；生产put up挂起，张贴；搭起；为某人提供食宿put up with忍受，容忍 (10)turnturn down拒绝；调低turn in上交turn out结果是，证明是turn over移交，交给turn up出现；调高turn off关掉turn on打开turn away走开turn to求助于；翻到【典例12】 in modern times，people have to learn to _ all kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable life.akeep with bstay with cmeet with dlive with解析live with和put up with类似，在此意为“忍受”。句意：在现代社会，人们尽管过着舒适的生活，但他们还得学会忍受各种各样的压力。答案d【典例13】 _ a moment and i will go to your rescue.ago on bhold on cmove on dcarry on解析go on意为“继续”；hold on意为“抓住不放、坚持”；move on意为“继续前进”；carry on意为“继续进行”。根据后句的i will go to your rescue可知，这里应是“坚持住、别松手”。句意：坚持一会儿，我会救你的。答案b13ive _ the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.acome into bgone intocgot into drun into解析考查动词搭配。考查habit的常见搭配，be in/fall into/get into the habit of doing sth 有(养成)做某事的习惯，明显可以看出c项正确。答案c14walking alone in the dark，the boy whistled to _ his courage.ahold up bkeep upcset up dtake up解析考查动词短语辨析。句意：独自在黑暗中行走，男孩吹口哨保持勇气。b项意为“维持，不使低落”，符合句意。a项意为“举起”；c项意为“建立”；d项意为“拿起”。答案b含有相同介词或副词的高频动词短语(1)动词outturn outpoint outpick outfigure outburst outbring outcarry outset outmake outleave outkeep outwork outrun outcheck outgo out(2)动词upbring upstay upeat uptear upuse updraw uphang uphold upclear upgrow upset uppick upturn up(3)动词offstart offset offleave offshow offsee sb offfall offkeep offcarry offpay off(4)动词backkeep backhold backput backgive backcall backtake back(5)动词awaythrow awayblow awaycarry awayclear awaydie awaygive awaypass awaywash awaysend awayturn away【典例14】 have you _ some new ideas?yeah.ill tell you later.acome about bcome into ccome up with dcome out with解析come about意为“发生”；come into意为“进入，得到”；come up with意为“想出，提出”；come out with意为“发表，公布，说出”。句意：你想出新的主意了吗？是的，我过会儿告诉你。答案c【典例15】 the media can often help solve problems and draw attention _ situations _ help is needed.ain；that bto；which cin；where dto；where解析draw/pay attention to意思是“注意；关心”。名词“attention”前可以有“more，little，careful，close，no，some”等形容词修饰，“to”后接名词、代词或动名词。第二空中用“where”引导定语从句。句意：媒体常常能帮助解决问题，关注需要帮助的对象。答案d15after that，he knew he could _ any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.aget away with bget on withcget through dget across解析考查动词词组辨析。在此之后，他知道只要尽全力就能成功应对一切紧急事件。get through“(设法)处理，完成”，符合语意。get away with表示“偷走，受到从轻发落”；get on with表示“与和睦相处”；get across表示“被传达，被理解”。答案c16the school isnt the one i really wanted to go to，but i suppose ill just have to _ it.amake the best of bget away fromckeep an eye on dcatch up with解析考查动词词组辨析。句意：这所学校不是我真正想要去的，但我认为既然来了，我就不得不好好利用它。make the best of表示“好好利用”，符合语意。get away from表示“逃离”；keep an eye on表示“照看，留神”；catch up with表示“赶上，跟上”。答案a17ok，ive had enough of it.i give up.you cant _ your responsibilities.arun off with brun up againstcrun out of drun away from解析考查动词短语辨析。句意：好了，我已经受够了，我放弃。你不能逃避你的责任。run away from意为“逃离，逃避”，符合语境。答案d18no matter how low you consider yourself，there is always someone _ you wishing they were that high.agetting rid of bgetting along withclooking up to dlooking down upon解析考查词组辨析。句意：不管你多么看低自己，总有敬重你的人希望他们也(像你一样)那么高尚。look up to表示“尊敬，仰慕”，符合句意。a项表示“摆脱”，b项表示“与和睦相处，进展”，d项表示“轻视，瞧不起”。答案c19i can _ the house being untidy，but i hate it if its not clean.acome up with bput up withcturn to dstick to解析考查动词词组辨析。句意：我可以容忍房间不整齐，但是我讨厌房间不干净。put up with“容忍，忍受”，符合语意。come up with“想出(办法)”，turn to“转向，求助于”，stick to“坚持”。答案b该类试题的常考点有keep/bear.in mind牢记burst into tears突然大哭catch up with赶上come up with提出come into use开始使用date back to追溯到，始于get away from逃离keep an eye on照看，注意keep.in touch(与)保持联系look forward to盼望look down upon轻视make sense of弄懂make a difference起作用make the best of充分利用make up for弥补，补偿make room for与腾出空间o effect使生效put up with忍受，容忍take advantage of利用take part in参加take pride in以为自豪keep up with跟上，与保持联系【典例16】 you look upset.whats the matter?i had my proposal _ again.(2011江苏)aturned over bturned on cturned off dturned down解析句意：你看上去不高兴，怎么了？我的建议又被拒绝了。考查动词短语辨析。turn down拒绝，故选择d项。turn over颠倒，倾覆；turn on打开；turn off关掉。答案d【典例17】 my parents have always made me _ about myself, even when i was twelve.afeeling well bfeeling goodcfeel well dfeel good解析句意：我的父母总是让我对我自己有良好的感觉，即使当我12岁的时候。固定结构make sb do sth表示“让干某事”，符合语境。答案d20jenny hopes that mr. smith will suggest a good way to have her written english _ in a short period.aimproved bimprovingcto improve dimprove解析考查使役动词have的用法。因为宾语written english与improve之间是被动关系，故选improved。b、d两项表示主动关系，故排除。句意：珍妮希望史密斯先生会提出一个好方法，使她的英语水平可以在短时间内得以提高。答案a21the farmers had the machine _ all day and night.awork bworking cworked dto work解析句意：农民们让这台机器整日整夜工作着。固定结构have sth/sb doing sth表示“让(使)一直做某事”。答案b常见的使役动词have, make, get, let的用法：1have/make/let sb do sth以及get sb to do sth此结构表示“让某人干某事”。the teacher had/made/let some students stay in the classroom after school.放学后老师让一些学生仍呆在教室里。温馨提示：make如果是被动语态时后面要用带to的不定式。he was made to work day and night.他被迫日夜工作。2have/make/get sth (sb) done此结构表示“让被做”。过去分词充当宾语补足语，宾语与宾语补足语之间是被动关系。she has/gets/makes her hair cut once a month.她每月理一次头发。3have sth/sb doing sth此结构表示“让(使)某人一直做某事”或“让(使)某物处于某种状态”。the two men had their lights burning all night long.那两个人让灯亮了一整夜。1(2013南昌一中月考)thousands of visitors were _ to the xian international horticultural exposition the day it opened.aadopted baccepted cattracted dattached解析考查动词辨析。句意：西安国际园艺博览会开幕那天吸引了成千上万的游客。attract表示“吸引”，符合语意。a项表示“采纳，收养”；b项表示“接受”；d项表示“贴上，使依附”。答案c2(2013河北三校联合模拟)i didnt want to drive all the way to new york by myself，so i _ anna，my best friend of ten years，to ride with me.aconvinced bconsulted cadopted dadmitted解析考查动词辨析。句意：我不想独自一人全程驾车到纽约，所以“说服”了十年来最好的朋友anna与“我”同行。此处convince sb to do sth 表示“说服某人做某事”。答案a3(2013合肥二模)when the book，twilight，was first _，it was immediately well received by readers.abrought up bbrought downcbrought about dbrought out解析考查动词词组。句意：暮光之城这本书刚一出版，就立即受到读者的热烈欢迎。此处bring out表示“生产；出版”。前三项分别表示“养育”“降低”“带来”，都不符合语意。答案d4(2013厦门一中高三模拟)do you know why the teacher asks for me?he wants you to _ your absence last night.aaccount for bcall forcsend for dreach for解析答句句意：他想让你解释一下昨晚缺席的原因。account for表示“解释；说明”，符合语意。后三项分别表示“要求”、“派人去请”、“伸手去拿”，都不符合语意。答案a5(2013黑龙江高考适应性考试)when realizing the guard of the supermarket had spotted him，the thief _ the exit quickly.amade for bmade outcmade up dmade into解析考查make短语辨析。句意：意识到超市保安已经发现了他，小偷迅速向出口走去。此处make for表示“向移动”，故选a。make out表示“理解，辨认出”；make up表示“弥补，编造，化妆”；make into表示“做成”。答案a6(2013河北唐山模拟)the bell rang and every student had to _ their examination papers.agive up bgive awaycgive out dgive in解析考查动词短语辨析。句意：铃声响了，每个学生都得交考卷。此处give in表示“交上，呈交”。前三项分别表示“放弃，投降”、“赠送，颁发，失去”、“用完，耗尽，发出”，都不符合语意。答案d7(2013桂林部分学校高三质检)the happiest people do