【创新设计】（重庆专用）高中英语 Unit 1 Great scientists单元测试 新人教版必修5(1).DOC

unit 1 great scientists 单元测试（人教版必修5，重庆专用）(满分：120分，时间：120分钟)第卷(共85分)第一部分 英语知识运用 (共两节， 满分45分)第一节 语法和词汇知识 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1having _nomeat day would be a good way of encouraging _low carbon lifestyle.aa；the ba；a cthe；the dthe；a答案b考查冠词。句意为“一天不吃肉应该是鼓励低碳生活方式的一个很好的方法。”第一空为泛指，并非特指哪天不吃肉；第二空“a low carbon lifestyle”只是生活方式的一种。本题难度适中。2a small but _crowd cheered as the players ran onto the field.aenergetic benthusiastic cenjoyable dencouraged答案b考查形容词的辨析。句意：运动员们进入场地时，虽少却热情的人群欢呼起来。energetic精力旺盛的，enjoyable令人愉快的，encouraged深受鼓舞的，都不合题意。故选b。3_for the breakdown of the school computer network，alice was in low spirits.ablaming bblamed cto blame dto be blamed答案b考查非谓语动词的用法。此句中非谓语动词在句中作原因状语。alice是被责备的对象，故需用过去分词的形式表示被动意义。句意：艾丽丝因为使学校电脑网络瘫痪而被责备，她情绪低落。4_able to attend the conference is _we havent expected.ahis not being；that bhis not being；whatchis being not；what dhe being not；that答案b第一空为ving形式的独立主格结构，注意not要放在be动词前；第二空为what引导的表语从句。5the student was_reading the novel that he didnt sense that his teacher was just standing beside him.avery absorbing on bvery absorbed in cso absorbed in dso absorbed on答案c本题考查absorb的用法。从句意分析，absorb在本句中应为“专心，全神贯注”的意思，常用于be absorbed in 这一结构，意为“全神贯注于”；又因为该句中含有so. that.结构，故c项正确。6the doctor advised him to take a holiday in the village，for fresh air will_good health.acontribute to bturn to crefer to dbelong to答案a考查短语动词辨析。contribute to意为“有助于，促使”，其主语一般是事物。句意：医生建议他到乡下度假，因为清新空气对身体健康有益。turn to求助于，转向；refer to查阅，参考，谈到；belong to属于。7blaming often_a complete failure in family communications.asticks to bleads to cdevotes to drefers to答案b考查动词词组辨析。句意：责备往往在家庭交流中导致彻底的失败。a项“坚持”；b项“导致”；c项“致力于”；d项“涉及，参考”均不合语境。故选b。8after two years talk，the two countries finally came to a(n)_that they should give up their prejudice and work together for their peaceful development.aconclusion bagreement cachievement d. situation答案b考查名词辨析。句意：经过两年的会谈，这两个国家最终达成协议，他们应该放弃偏见，共同为和平发展而努力。conclusion“结论”；agreement“协议”；achievement“成就”；situation“形势”。9a beam of light will not bend round the corners unless_to do so with the help of a reflecting device.abeing done bto be made cmade dhaving made答案c考查非谓语动词。句意：光束在拐角处不会弯曲，除非有反光设备让它这么做。后半句是unless it is made to do so with the help of a reflecting device的省略形式，a beam of light与make 之间是被动关系。10i felt very disappointed when my repeated request that i join the club was_.areplaced bresisted crejected dremoved答案c考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我一次次要求加入俱乐部被拒绝后，我感到很失望。a项“代替”；b项“抵制”；d项“移动”均可排除。故选c。11_its low cost，the appeal of iron as a building material lies in its strength，its resistance to fire，and its potential to span vast areas.(2012杭州模拟)aother than bapart from crather than dexcept that答案b句意：除了较低的费用外，钢铁作为建筑材料的吸引力还在于它的强度，耐火性和它涉及多个领域的潜能。apart from的用法之一是“除之外(还有)”，符合句意。other than相当于except，意为“除之外(别无)”，rather than意为“而不是”。12once_to the public in the newspaper，the incident will attract lots of peoples attention.aexposing bto expose cexposed dwas exposed答案c考查非谓语动词作状语。expose与全句主语the incident之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，表被动，故答案为c。13the boss of microsoft is very strict_the staff，so everyone in the company has to be completely strict_their work.awith；with bwith；in cin；in din；with答案b考查动词短语。be strict with后宾语为人，be strict in宾语为事，故选b。14_i met him，he was working as an engineer in a big company.asince the first time bthe first timecfor the first time dthe first time which答案b句意：我第一次遇到他时，他正在一家大型公司作工程师。四个选项中，只有the first time后可跟从句。故选b。15with the world_fast，we have something new to face every day.achanged bchanging cchange dto change答案b句意：因为世界变化很快，所以我们每天都要面对新的东西。在with的复合结构中，宾补与world构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且表示伴随的动作，故选b。 第二节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。a successful scientist is generally a good observer.he makes full _16_of the facts he observes.he doesnt accept ideas which are not _17_ on obvious facts，and therefore refuses to accept authority(权威)as the only_18_ for truth.he always _19_ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.the rise of _20_science may perhaps be considered to _21_as far back as the _22_of roger bacon，the wonderful philosopher(哲学家)of oxford，who lived_23_the years 1214 and 1292.he was probably the first in the middle_24_ to suggest that we must learn science _25_observing and experimenting on the things around us，and he himself _26_many important discoveries.galileo，however，who lived more than 300 years later(15641642)，was the greatest of several great men _27_lived in italy.france，germany，or england began by _28_to show how many important _29_could be discovered by observation.before galileo，learned men believed that large bodies fell more _30_towards the earth than small ones，_31_aristotle said so.but galileo，going to the _32_of the leaning tower of pisa，let fall two _33_ stones and proved aristotle was wrong.it was galileos _34_of going direct to nature，and proving out _35_and theories by experiment that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.【解题导语】 作者通过一些科学家成功的例子，告诉我们：观察和实验是科学家取得成功的前提。16a.use btime cspeed dtrust答案amake full/good use of.表示“充分利用”。17a.worked bbased clived dwritten答案bbe based on.表示“以为根据，以为基础”。18a.reason bcause cadvice dresult答案athe only reason for truth表示真理的唯一理由，cause(导致事故的)原因。19a.thinks bchecks chas dlearns答案b根据句意，他认真验证某种观点并用实验来验证它们是否正确。check“核查，检查”。20a.natural bphysical cancient dmodern答案d根据下文roger bacon提出通过观察和实验来了解科学可知这是现代科学的标志。21a.date bkeep clook dtake答案a这里date是一个动词，date back表示“追溯到某时候”。22a.study btime cyear dbirth答案b追溯到这位科学家所生活的时代。23a.both beach cbetween damong答案c词组between.and.表示“介于与之间”。24a.schools bages cdays dcountries答案bin the middle ages表示“在中世纪”。25a.in bwith con dby答案dby doing.强调前面某动作的执行方式，“靠，用”。26a.did bmade ctook dgave答案bmake many important discoveries，表示“作出许多重要的发现”。27a.who bwhen cthat dwhere答案awho在此引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词several great men。28a.ways bdegrees clevels dchance答案bby degrees表示“逐渐地，渐渐地”。by chance“偶然的”。29a.truths bproblems cpeople dsubjects答案a根据词义及句意可知，答案选truths，表示“真理”，符合句意。30a.slowly brapidly clightly dheavily答案b人们认为大物体下落的速度要比小物体的快。31a.although bbecause cwhen dif答案b“因为”这是科学界权威人士亚里士多德这么说的。32a.place bfoot ctop dceiling答案c伽利略来到比萨斜塔的“顶端”抛下两个球。33a.big bsmall cequal dunequal答案d为了证明不同大小的物体下落的速度不相同的观点是错误的，伽利略在塔顶丢下两个“不同”的球。34a.spirit bskill ctheory ddiscovery答案a是伽利略这种直接探究自然界本质的“精神”引导现代科学所有科学发现的产生。35a.plans bopinions cworld dability答案b通过实验来证明某种“观点”和理论。第二部分 阅读理解 (共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。athe year was 1985.ronald reagan was president.mikhail gorbachev became leader of the ussr.back to the future was boffo at the box office.“born in the usa”was climbing the charts.philanthropy(慈善业)and pop culture combined with liveaid and “we are the world.”and “. com”，which few people outside of the military or universities knew，came into this world.looking back，few could have predicted “.com” would become one of the biggest cultural touchstones of the century.in march 1985，the information sciences institute at the university of southern california assigned the first .com domain address to .that seemingly nominal(象征性的)event set into motion forces that would change our world wasnt the birth of the internet，but it was the budding computer networks comingout party.it made it pretty and inviting.it did away with the need to have complex “maps” that were the equivalent of writing a phone number on your hand，and opened it up for a mainstream audience.after 1985，all it takes is a name to get into business.“. com” became part of our daily lexicon and drove its own economic boom and depression.it helped create a whole new family of industries，facilitated global commerce and connected people around the world in ways never before possible.its now 2010.barack obama is president，thanks in part to his smart use of the internet.there is no ussr.a computergenerated avatar has set new box office records “tik tok” tops the charts.were sending robots to find water on mars.and that onceobscure computer communications system is one of our civilizations most prominent features.【解题导语】 1985年com诞生，到2010年已经25年了。他改变了世界，改变了文明。36this passage was written to mark_.athe change of american presidencybthe development of entertainmentcthe 25th anniversary of .comdthe anniversary of the internet答案c主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要介绍com出现之后，没人能够预测到25年以来它的成功，故选c。本题稍难。37what does the underlined word “boffo” probably mean?asuccessful. bchangeable. ctough. dnovel.答案a词义猜测题。根据第一段一连串的事实罗列可知，1985年里根成为美国总统，戈尔巴乔夫成为苏联的领导，生在美国爬上了排行榜，这些人或事都是成功的，回到未来也在票房上取得成功，故选a。本题难度适中。38which of the following can be the main contribution of “. com”？ait gave birth to the internet.bit combined politics，entertainment and space science.cit made the internet accessible to ordinary people.dit helped produce more domain addresses.答案c细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句，可知com帮助创立了一个新的工业，用以往不可能实现的方式连接了全世界的人，故选c。本题难度适中。39we can infer that before 1985，getting on line was_.aimpossible bcomplex cexpensive dpopular答案b细节理解题。根据第三段内容，.com废除了需要使用复杂的“地图”可知在1985年com诞生之前上网很复杂，故选b。本题较难。balbert einstein(18791955)was one of the greatest and most original scientific thinkers of all time.born of jewish parents in germany，he completed his education in switzerland and got his ph.d at the university of zurich.he went to live in the united states in 1933 because of the rise of nazism(纳粹)in germany and hitlers persecution(迫害)of the jews.in 1905，while still at zurich，he published his special theory of relativity，which was based on things everyone may have noticed.if two trains are standing alongside each other and one train starts to move，a person sitting in the train may wonder whether his own train is moving or the other is moving，and before he finds out what is happening，he can see that one train is moving relatively to the other.from this and also from other more complicated facts，einstein came to the conclusion that all motion is relative and that there are really no such things as absolute(绝对)motion.some of the other conclusions he drew are that nothing can go faster than light，and that if something such as a ruler was moving faster and faster it would seem to get shorter and shorter as its speed was near the speed of light.by 1915，einstein had made known his general theory of relativity.he also improved on newtons theory of gravity.most of his theories have been tested and found to be true though some may sound strange.for his important work he was awarded the 1921 nobel prize for physics.【解题导语】 文章主要介绍了爱因斯坦的生平及其伟大成就。40in 1933，einstein went to live in the united states because_.ahe loved the usa more than his own countrybhe had got some friends there with whom he could work togetherche wanted to live quietly in the usadhe could no longer work in germany when hitler came into power答案d细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知，其原因是希特勒掌权对犹太人的迫害。41einstein published his special theory of relativity when he was_.ain the united statesbin ulm，germany after he got his ph.dcstill in switzerland at the age of twentysixdstill at the university of zurich at the age of thirtysix答案c细节理解题。根据文章我们知道einstein生于1879年，后于1905年发表了“狭义相对论”，另外结合while still at zurich可知c项符合要求。42one of the conclusions drawn by einstein is that_.aplaces go faster than trains and busesbpeople couldnt run as fast as vehiclesclight goes the fastest of all the thingsdtwo trains can go in different directions答案c细节理解题。根据文章第三段中some of the other conclusions he drew are that nothing can go faster than ligth.可知光比任何其他物体的速度都要快。43einstein added that if something such as a ruler was moving it would seem to get shorter and shorter_.abecause the ruler itself was shortbwhen it was moving faster and fastercbecause we cant see it clearlydbecause the ruler was broken into pieces答案b细节理解题。根据文章第三段.if something such as a ruler was moving faster and faster.near the speed of light.可知。cwalking with long steps on purpose，barack obama appears to have arrived to visit an elementary school he attended as a boy.but wait.its not real obama.the us president is back in washington，d.c.so who is this guy？hes ilham anas,34，a teenmagazine photographer who has taken advantage of his striking resemblance to obama and turned it into his own brand of celebrity and wealth.since his sister told him in 2007 that he looked like the then presidential candidate，anas face and big smile have been seen on southeast asian tv and the internet，appearing in the advertisements of medicine and other products.he has also shown up on his nations television talk show.anas resemblance to the president has turned his life around 180 degrees.hes even written an autobiography，“because of obama”anas is the first to admit that hes an impostor(冒名顶替者)but hell also tell you that hes_in_incredible_demand.“ive got so much work that i cant handle it all，”he said.but when his sister first mentioned the resemblance，he dismissed it.then a colleague at the magazine asked him to pose as obama in front of a us.flag.he also refused.“im a photographer，not an object for the camera，”he said.as soon as he accepted the idea，his career took off.the married father of two children is rarely home these days.recently a group of reporters followed him on a tour to the elementary school obama once attended.anas sat in the classroom where the future president studied.he spoke a few lines in english.the moment he opened his mouth，however，the differences became apparent.“obama is a baritone(男中音)，”anas said.“im not.i sound like a little boy.”he is also shorter than the president.but he makes up for that by practicing obamas typical actions.before public appearances，he spends hours in front of the mirror posing，gesturing，flashing that smile.anas said he hasnt changed his appearance much for the role.he wears his hair just like he did in high school.but he did shape his eyebrows to look more like those of the president.he used to dislike looking into the mirror because of his average appearance.now he no longer considers himself as an average guy，but a superstar.now，he hopes that obama will win a second term in the white house.“the longer hes in office，the longer my fame will last，”he said.【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了一位长相酷似美国总统奥巴马的人，而且他也因此自豪。44ilham anas becomes wellknown because he_.awrote a biography for president obamablooks like president obamacattended the same school as president obama used to attenddplayed many roles in films答案b细节理解题。根据第二段、第三段及第四段可知iiham anas因长相酷似美国总统奥巴马而出名。45which of the following cant be used to describe ilham anas according to the passage?afamous. bwealthy. chandsome. dbusy.答案c细节理解题。根据倒数第二段he used to dislike looking into the mirror because of his average appearance可知ilham anas相貌平平，故选c项。根据第二段第二句.turned it into his own brand of celebrity and wealth可知a、b项正确。根据第五段最后一句ive got so much work that i cant handle it all可知d项正确。46the underlined part“hes in incredible demand”means_.amany businesses ask him to advertise their productsbhe demands better pay from his bossche is planning to increase the productiondhe asks for higher prices for his advertisements答案a推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句ive got so much work that i cant handle it all可以看出，画线部分的意思是：让他代言广告的需求很大，生意兴隆。47in which aspect does ilham anas differ from president obama?aanas is taller than president obama.banas is older than president obama.canas is a baritone.danas sounds like a little boy.答案d细节理解题。根据倒数第四段的“obama is a baritone(男中音)，”anas said.“im not.i sound like a little boy”可知答案。da list of benjamin franklins inventions reveals a man of many talents and interests.his natural curiosity about things and the way they worked made him try to find ways to make them work better.ben had poor vision and needed glasses to read.he got tired of constantly taking them off and putting them back on ，so he decided to figure out how his glasses would let him see both near and far.he had two pairs of glasses cut in half and put half of each lens(镜片)in a single frame.today，we call them bifocals(双光眼镜)everyone knows the story of bens famous kite flight.although he made important discoveries and advancements，ben did not “invent” the electricity.he did，however，invent the lightning rod which protects buildings and ships from lightning.in colonial america，most people warmed their homes by building a fire in a fireplace even though it was dangerous and used a lot of wood.ben figured that there had to be a better way.his invention of an iron furnace stove allowed people to warm their homes less the dangerously and with less wood.the furnace stove that he invented is called the franklin stove.interestingly enough，ben also established the first fire company and the first fire insurance company in order to help people live more safely.as a postmaster，ben had to figure out routes for delivering the mail.he went out riding in his carriage to measure the routes and needed a way to keep track of the distance.he invented a simple odometer(里程表)and attached it to his carriage.later，other famous inventors，like thomas edison and alexander graham bell，followed in bens footsteps by trying to find ways to help people live better.【解题导语】 本杰明富兰克林(