【名师导航】中考英语二轮专题复习 数词和主谓一致(1).doc

2014中考英语二轮专题复习数词和主谓一致名师导航1基数词和序数词的构成和用法。2年、月、日、时的基本表达方式和分数、加减法以及 hundred, thousand, million等的用法。3就近一致原则。4意义一致原则。5语法一致原则。考点梳理考点一 基数词1构成(1)012单独记。如：zero, one, two, three等。(2)1319词尾都是teen。如：fourteen, seventeen等，但13thirteen，15fifteen，18eighteen需要特殊记。(3)20, 30, 40等整的基数词均以ty结尾。如： 20twenty, 30thirty, 40forty, 50fifty, 80eighty等。(4)“几十几”要加连字符号“”。如：48fortyeight, 97ninetyseven等。(5)“几百几十”或“几百几十几”的后面要用and连接。如：156one hundred and fiftysix, 509five hundred and nine等。(6)四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律用逗号从右往左每三位加一个逗号，第一个逗号前为千(thousand)，第二个逗号前为百万(million)，第三个逗号前为十亿(billion)。如：3，610three thousand six hundred and ten; 94，295ninetyfour thousand two hundred and ninetyfive；274，350two hundred and seventyfour thousand, three hundred and fifty等。2用法(1)表示数量。 如：thirty trees 30棵树。(2)表示年龄和年份。如：at the age of 15 在15岁时；in 2013 在2013年。(3)表示时刻。表示“时间”，有两种方法，即：小时分钟或用介词past 表示“几点过几分”，用to表示“差几分就几点了”，分钟数放在past/to之前。如：1：58读作one fiftyeight或two to two; 1：12读作one twelve或twelve past one; at half past nine 在9点半。(4)表示顺序。如：class five 五班； room one 1号房间。(5)确数和概数的表达。“基数词hundred/thousand/million/billion可数名词复数”表示准确数字，如：five hundred五百。“hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of名词”表示约数，“数百/千/百万/十亿”，前面可用several, some, many等修饰。(6)年代表达法。“几十”的基数词的复数形式或者在年份后面加s可以用来表示岁数和年代。如：in his fifties 在他五十多岁的时候； in the 1960s 在20世纪60年代。(7)“another基数词名词”或者“基数词more名词”表示在一定基础上再增加一定的数量。如：two more orangesanother two oranges 再来两个橘子。(8)“基数词单数可数名词形容词”作定语修饰名词。如：a sixteenyearold boy一个16岁的男孩； an 800metrelong bridge一座800米长的桥； womens 800metre race女子800米接力； a tenminute walkten minutes walk步行十分钟的路程。【即时训练】1.【2013莆田】19lets go to the bookstore at half past nine tomorrow morning its too latelets make it a.a quarter to nine b .twenty to ten c.a quarter to ten2.【2013阜康】9. can you imagine what life will be like in _ time? a. 20 years b. 20 years c. 20-years d. 20-year3.【2013天水】39. have you finished your todays work? no, i need _. a.two another hours b.another two hours c.more two hours d.two other hours4.【2013自贡】36.please write down the new words in the text of _. a.lesson ten b.the lesson ten c.tenth lesson5.【2013乌鲁木齐】26. the number of the cars in our neighborhood is about eight _, and _ of them are new cars. a.hundred; two thirdsb. hundred; two thirds c. hundreds; two thirdsd. hundreds; two third考点二 序数词1构成(1)“第一”、“第二”、“第三”分别是 first, second, third。(2)“第四”到“第十九”除了fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth是特殊的拼写外，其余的都是在相应基数词后面加th构成。如：fourth。(3)整十的序数词由相应的基数词变y为i，再加eth。如：thirtythirtieth; fiftyfiftieth。(4)第一百hundredth; 第一千thousandth; 第一百万millionth; 第十亿 billionth。(5)有个位数的基数词只变化个位数。如：twentyonetwentyfirst; one hundred and oneone hundred and first。2用法(1)基数词和序数词都用于编号或编排顺序，序号在前时用序数词，序号在后时用基数词。如：第二课lesson twothe second lesson。(2)序数词表示日期。日期可按“日，月，年”的顺序表示，也可按“月，日，年”的顺序表示。日期既可以用阿拉伯数字，也可以写成缩略形式的序数词。如：2010.5.1读作may the first, two thousand and ten。(3)分数的表示。分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母加s; “分数名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词。名词为复数，谓语动词用复数；名词为单数或者不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。如：1/4 one fourth; 3/6 three sixths。【即时训练】1.【2011雅安】8. september is _ month of the year. a. ninth b. nine c. the nine d. the ninth2.【2013梅州】31. unit _ is easy but _ unit is difficult.a.sixth; seven b.six; seven c.sixth; the seventh d.six; the seventh 3.【2012贵州铜仁】26 about _of the students in grade nine this year were born in the_.a. three five; 1996.b. three fifths; 1990s c. third fifth; 1997. d. third fifths; 1990s4.【2013宿迁】10. of the coats made of cotton. they feel comfortable. a. two-thirds; isb. two-thirds; arec. two-third; isd. two third; are5.【2013湛江】21.what day is it today?: its monday, and its my _ birthday. a.fifteen b.fifteenth c.the fifteen d.the fifteenth来考点三 数词的其他用法1表示倍数关系。“一倍”是once; “两倍”是twice; 表示“三倍”或“三倍以上的倍数”用“数字times”。如：三倍three times; 十倍ten times。2数词前加every，表示“每一段时间或每隔一段时间”。如： every ten days/every ninth day每10天/每隔9天。3与数目有关的词。如：half一半； second 秒； a quarter 四分之一； several几个； a few几个； a dozen一打； a score 约二十个。4特殊短语。如： half an hour 半小时； two or three hourstwo hours or three 两三个小时； four and a half yearsfour years and a half 四年半。【即时训练】1.【2012浙江杭州】19.we have two ears and one mouth so that we can listen_we speak.a. as twice much asb. twice an much asc. as much as twiced. as much twice as2.【2012四川宜宾】28. would you like to have _ apples? no, thank you. ive had enough. a. other two b. another two c. more two d. two others 3. nowadays more and more the young _ fond of pop music. a. are b. is c. were d. was考点四 就近一致原则（即谓语的单复数取决于离谓语最近的主语的单复数形式。)1there be句型当主语是系列事物时，谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。there _ a table and two chairs in the room. 房间里有一张桌子和两把椅子。there _ two chairs and a table in the room. 房间里有两把椅子和一张桌子。2eitheror， neithernor， not onlybut also等词连接并列主语时，谓语动词跟邻近的主语保持一致。如：neither you nor he _ right. 你和他都不对。either you or i must leave. 不是你就是我必须离开。not only he but also i _ . 不仅他被邀请了，我也被邀请了。【即时训练】1.【2012 烟台中考】22. between the two hills _a deep river.a. areb. have c. has d. is2.not only the students but also mr. smiths _ tired of having one examination. a. is b. are c. was d. were3. your trousers _ dirty, you must have _ washed. a. is, them b. are, it c. are, them d. is, it4.there _ a football match and two table tennis matches between class eight next week. a. will have b. has c. is going to be d. are gone to be5. neither wei hua nor his brothers _ a few cities in the south since they were 20 years old. a. will visit b. has visited c. have visited d. visited考点五 意义一致原则(即主、谓语在意义上保持一致关系。1表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度等的复数名词作主语时通常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。如：twenty years _ _ since he left his hometown. 他离开家乡有二十年了。ten dollars _ enough. 十美元足够了。2以s结尾的名词(news, maths, physics)本身不表示复数意义，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：i dont think the news in the newspaper _ true. 我认为报纸上的这条消息不是真的。3“the形容词”(表示一类人，如 the poor, the rich, the old, the young等)用作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：the old _ taken good care of in this area.这个地区的老人被照顾得很好。4family, class, team, group等集体名词作主语时，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若指具体成员，谓语动词用复数。如：class 5 _ the best class in this school.五班是这所学校最好的班级。(整体)class 5 _ the winners. 五班是胜利者。(指具体成员)5people, police等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：the police _ the missing child.警察正在寻找那个失踪的孩子。the chinese people are very friendly.中国人很友好。6“a number of”作主语时，谓语动词用复数； “the number of”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：the number of the students in our class _ 50.我们班学生的数量是五十个。a number of players _ _ from japan.一些队员来自日本。7当主语有同位语时，谓语动词要根据主语的单复数来确定；但用连词and连接的主语是复数。如：mr wang, my math teacher, _ forty years old. 王先生，也就是我的数学老师，40岁了。8all, some, none, most, any, the rest，分数或百分数等代词作主语时，若指复数概念，谓语动词用复数；若指单数概念，则谓语动词用单数。如：some of the work _ _ by me. 一些工作是由我做的。some of the students _. 一些学生学习很努力。9由and连接的并列主语，如果描述的同一个人或同一种事物，其后的谓语动词用单数形式。如：there is a knife and fork on the table.桌上有一副刀叉。the writer and singer has come to our school.那位作家兼歌手来过我们学校。【即时训练】【2012四川自贡】33. - how soon can you finish this job? two days enough for me to finish the work. i need a week. a. isnt b. arent c. is2. how many students are there in your class? - _ the students in our class _ over fifty. a. the number of; is b. the number of; are c. a number of; is d. a number of; are3. how many teachers are there in your school? - about 150. one third of them _ men teachers. a. have b. has c. are d. is4. do you know _ the population of yunnan_ ? - yes. its about forty-three million. a. how many; is b. what; is c. how much; is d. what; are5. my brother asked me ten questions. the first five were easy, but the rest _ difficult. a. were b. are c. was d. is考点六 语法一致原则(即主、谓语在语法形式上保持一致。) 1介词或介词短语作插入语主语后有with/together with/as well as/without/including/besides/except/but等引导的短语作插入语时，谓语动词要与主语保持一致，而与插入语无关。如：mary with her mother _ _ now. 玛丽正在和她妈妈一起购物。all the students, including tom, _ going to the park. 所有的学生包括汤姆在内都要去公园。2非谓语动词(不定式、动名词等)短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如：doing a lot of practice is a good way to improve your english. 做大量练习是提高你英语的一个好方法。what i need _ a good book. 我需要的是一本好书。3不定代词作主语不定代词something, anything, nothing, everyone, anybody, nobody, each, neither, either, little, much, one等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：someone _ waiting for you. 有人在等你。neither of the answers _ right. 两个答案都不对。4常以复数形式出现的名词作主语名词shoes, classes, clothes, trousers等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数形式。但是，如果这些名词被a/this pair of 修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：the shoes are under the bed. 鞋子在床下面。a pair of shoes_under the bed.床下面有一双鞋。5在定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数保持一致。如：this is the boy who_ _to see you.这就是想要见你的那个男孩。the boys who _ playing football there_my best friends.正在那儿踢足球的那些男孩是我的好朋友。【即时训练】1. miss huang together with her friends _ shopping every sunday evening. a. go b. went c. going d. goes2. everyone except tom and john _ there when the meeting began. a. was b. were c. is d. are3. when and where to go for the holiday _ yet. a. have not been decided b. is not decided c. are not decided d. has not been decided4. to save time _ to lengthen life. a. are b. was c. were d. is5. xiao dong is one of the best students in his class who _ by their teacher. a. praises b. is praised c. praise d. are praised考点过关i.用所给词的适当形式填空1they live on the _(five) floor.2december is the _(twelve) month of the year.3on my sisters _(nine) birthday, i gave her a useful book.4_(hundred) of people come here to read books on weekends.5about two _(thousand) trees have been planted along the river.6. three _ (four) of the students in our class like basketball.7how often do you go to the mountain? _ (two) a month.8wednesday is the _ (four) day of a week.9fathers day is on the _(three) sunday of june.10they live on the _ (twentysix) floor of