【备战】高考英语 语法备考（典型陷阱+分析+练习）虚拟语气考点.doc

虚拟语气考点典型陷阱题分析1. i forget where i read the article, or i _ it to you now. a. will showb. would showc. am going to showd. am showing 【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】正确答案选b。根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if i didnt forget where i read the article（要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话但事实上忘了）。2. “it looks as if he were drunk.” “so it does. _.”a. hed better give up drinkingb. he shouldnt have drunk so muchc. health is more important than drinkd. i wonder why he is always doing so【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中 drunk 一词的影响。【分析】最佳答案为d。关键信息是it looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是d。3. “mary looks hot and dry” “so _ you if you had so high a fever.”a. dob. arec. willd. would【陷阱】容易误选a或c。选a者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选c者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。【分析】此题最佳答案为d。分析如下：(1) “so + 助动词 + 主语”是一个很有用的结构，它表示“也一样”时。如：he likes to watch tv, and so do i. 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。when animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。(2) 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选d。4. “he will come tomorrow.” “but id rather he _ the day after tomorrow.”a. will comeb. is comingc. camed. had come【陷阱】容易误选a或b。根据上文的 he will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。【分析】但此题的最佳答案是 c。按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：id rather you left right now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。i would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿这事被遗忘掉。id rather he hadnt told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。请再做以下试题(答案均为b)：(1) “shall i come tomorrow ?” “id rather you _.”a. wontb. didntc. dontd. wouldnt (2) “ive told him about it.” “but id rather you _.”a. didntb. hadntc. dontd. wouldnt (3) “he will take you as well.” “but id rather he _.”a. wontb. didntc. doesntd. wouldnt 5. all the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _ badly wounded and that he _ at once.a. should be; be operated onb. were; must be operated onc. was; should be operatedd. was; be operated on【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。【分析】最佳答案选 d。insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选d最合适。请做以下类似试题（答案选b）：(1) the patient insisted that he _ ill and _ to the hospital.a. wasnt, wasnt sentb. wasnt, shouldnt be sentc. shouldnt be, wasnt sentd. shouldnt be, shouldnt be sent(2) the man in prison insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ set free.a. should do, should beb. had done, should bec. had done, had beend. should do, had been(3) i advised that he _ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _ quite well then.a. was sent; feltb. be sent; was feelingc. he sent; feeld. should be sent; should feel6. _ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. a. was he given upb. had he given up c. did he gived. if he gave up【陷阱】容易误选 d。【分析】正确答案应选b。之所以不能选d，是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像d项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：were they to cease advertising, prices would come down.= if they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他们停止做广告，价钱会降下来。had i been there, i would have filmed the occasion.= if i had been there, i would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。精编陷阱题训练1. “i still havent thanked aunt lucy for her present.” “its time you _.”a. dob. did c. hadd. would2. if i hadnt been lucky enough to meet you. i really _ what i would have done.a. dont knowb. hadnt knownc. wasnt knowingd. wouldnt know3. “ive told everyone about it.” “oh, id rather you _.”a. dontb. hadntc. couldntd. wouldnt4. it has been raining for a day, but even though it hadnt rained, we _ there by tomorrow. a. cant getb. wont getc. hadnt gotd. wouldnt get5. “do you know his address?” “no, i also wish i _ where he _.”a. knew, liveb. knew, livesc. know, livesd. know, lived 6. “isnt it about time you _ to do morning exercises?” “yes, it is. would you like to join us?”a. beginb. have begunc. begand. had begun7. it is hard for me to imagine what i would be doing today if i _ in love, at the age of seven, with the melinda cox library in my hometown. a. wouldnt have fallenb. had not fallenc. should falld. were to fall8. he hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal.a. had scoredb. scoredc. would scored. would have scored9. if only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. a. liesb. layc. had laind. should lie10. without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _ for us to live. a. would be freezing coldb. will be freezing coldlyc. would be frozen coldd. can freeze coldly11. yesterday, jane walked away from the discussion. otherwise, she _ something she would regret later. a. had saidb. saidc. might sayd. might have said12. you didnt let me drive. if we _ in turn, you _ so tired.a. drove; didnt getb. drove; wouldnt getc. were driving; wouldnt getd. had driven; wouldnt have got13. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.a. breaksb. has brokenc. were brokend. had been broken14. but for the help you gave me, i _ the examinations.a. would have passedb. would passc. wouldnt have passedd. wouldnt pass【答案与解析】1. 选b。its time you did 为 its time you thanked aunt lucy for her present 之略。按照英语语法，its time 后从句通常要用过去式。2. 选a。虽然前有虚拟条件句, 后有使用了虚拟语气的宾语，但 i dont know 却宜用一般现在时，因为 i dont know 表述的是现在的真实情况，句意为“我要不是有幸遇到你，我真不知(指现在不知)我会做出什么蠢事来”。3. 选b。id rather 后接从句时，从句谓语的时态规律是：用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示过去。4. 选a。we cant get there by tomorrow 为客观事实，故宜用陈述语气。5. 选b。第一空填 knew，因为 i wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(即用过去式表示现在的想法)；第二空要填lives，即用陈述语气，因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实，而不是 i wish 的内容。6. 选c。its time / its high time / its about time 等后接从句时，从句谓语通常用过去式。7. 选 b。此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为：要不是在七岁时就迷上了 melinda cox 图书馆，我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。8. 选 d。这是otherwise 引出的含蓄虚拟语气，再根据前面的 hesitated 可进一步知道这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，由此可推知答案选 d。9. 选 c。if only 意为“要是就好了”，其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气，同时根据 as the doctor instructed 中的过去时态