【备课参考】八年级英语下册 8B Unit 3 Online tours 第3课时 Grammar预习案 （新版）牛津版(1).doc

第3课时 grammar预习目标1根据单词表，预习课本第4042页的单词，能根据音标正确拼读这些单词。2通过预习，复习一般过去时的用法。3通过预习，复习现在完成时的用法。4通过预习，了解一般过去时与现在完成时的区别。预学热身通过预习，了解本课时的单词、短语和句型（英汉互译）。1.dream vi.& vt. _ 2.passport n. _3_上个月 4. _ 20分钟前5_梦到 6. _实现你的梦想7. have you ever dreamt of travelling around the world without a passport?_自主探究，请带着下面这些问题阅读教材。1一般过去时和现在完成时有何区别？2so many是修饰可数名词还是不可数名词？教材导读1simple past tense and present perfect tense -般过去时和现在完成时指点迷津 探究点：一般过去时和现在完成时有何区别？(1)一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对“现在”产生的影响。he visited guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。（只说明去桂林的时间）(2)现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果，不与确定的过去的时间状语连用。jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。（着重点是现在有了一台新电脑）(3)两种时态的区分一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词have/has动词的过去分词”。the film started at 7 0clock.电影在7点钟开始的。he has been a teacher for many years.他已经做教师许多年了。一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday，last week，two years ago，just now，in 2002等；而现在完成时则常与just，already，ever，never等副词和these days，this week，since，for等表示一段时间的状语连用。现在完成时强调的是与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果或影响等，属于现在时范畴，谈论的是现在的情况。而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系，现在情况可能已发生变化。who opened the door?谁开的门？（只强调过去开门这一动作，门现在可能已关上）who has opened the door?谁把门开了？（强调门现在依然还开着）现在完成时不能与明确的过去的时间状语连用，如：three days ago，last year，yesterday，last sunday，in 2008等等。如句中有以上这些明确的过去的时间状语，应用一般过去时。另外，过去发生的一个动作，现在情况已经发生了变化，也应用一般过去时。注意 如果这些过去的时间状语前面有since，表示“自过去某一时间一直延续到现在”，应用现在完成时。he finished reading the book the day before yesterday.他前天看完了这本书。my cousin has been in nanjing since 2009.我的堂妹自从2009年就在南京了。现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连用，when后面只用一般过去时表示已发生的动作。但现在完成时可与where，why等疑问词连用。when did the train leave? 火车是什么时候离开的？since引导的时间状语从甸，后面的从甸用一般过去时，只有前面的主句才用现在完成时。we have known each other since we came to the school two years ago.自从两年前来到学校我们就互相认识了。有些时间状语，如this morning，this month，tonight等，既可以与一般过去时连用，又可以与现在完成时连用，但内涵不同。与一般过去时连用时，表示与“现在”无芙，时间已成为过去。而与现在完成时连用，则包括“现在”在内。i saw him this morning.我今天早上看到他的。（时间已不在上午了）i have seen him this morning.我今天早上看到他了。（说话时间还是上午）he lived in new york for eight years.他曾在纽约住了8年。（他现在已经不在纽约住了）he has lived in new york for eight years.他住在纽约已经8年了。（他现在还在纽约居住）用所给单词的适当形式填空i_ (see) tom last friday._you_ (go) to the great wall last summer?-where_ you_ (put) your pen?-i_ (put) it in my pencil-box, but its nowhere to be found.(d when_ you_ (start) to live in china?- the train_ (leave) already.- when_ the train_ (leave)?2.i have never seen so many wonderful pictures before.以前我从来没有见过这么多美妙的图片。探究点：so many修饰可数名词还是不可数名词？指点迷津 so many修饰可数名词复数，修饰不可数名词用so much。i have so many good friends.我有如此多的好朋友。why is there so much food today? 今天为什么有如此多的菜？( )there are_ people here. its very crowded.a. so many b. so much c. too much d. much too热身练习a用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. with the medicine box under her arm, miss zhao_ (hurry) off to look after the man.2. jim_ (make) many friends since he_ (come) to china.3. they_ (know) each other for about ten years.4. he already_ (write)a letter to the factory to ask them to stop making noise5.- when_ she_ (leave)? - two hours ago.b单项选择。( )1. - im sorry, cathy, i_ your radio for such a long time.- never mind.a. have borrowed b. have lentc. have kept d. have returned( )2. - where have you_ these days?-i have_ to yangzhou with my friends.a. been; gone b. been; been c. gone; been d. gone; gone( )3. -where is your father? we havent seen each other for weeks. -_.a. he has been to america. b. he has gone to england.c. he is going to australia. d. he would visit my grandparents.( )4. they have_ since the factory opened.a. left the school b. joined the teamc. become workers d. worked here( )5. jim _the great wall many times.a. went to b. goes to c. has gone to d. has been toc按要求改写句子。1john went to see his grandmother once a week.（对画线部分提问）how_ _ john_ to see his grandmother?2he has already finished his homework. (改为否定句）he_ finished his homework_.3you have never been to shanghai before.（改为反意疑问句）you have never been to shanghai before，_ _？4my father came back the day before yesterday.（改为现在完成时）my father_ _ _ for two days.参考答案预学热身1做梦，梦想 2护照 3. last month 4.20 minutes ago 5. dream of 6. realize your dream 7你曾梦想不带护照而环游世界吗？1一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对“现在”产生的影响。现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果，不与确定的过去的时间状语连用。 2so many修饰可数名词复数。