【导与练】高考英语二轮复习 文体写作专题素材(1).doc

【导与练】2013版高考英语二轮复习 文体写作专题训练(一)应用文应用文是一种常见的文体。在日常生活、学习和工作中,个人与个人之间的交往,个人与集体之间的联系,集体与集体之间的往来,都需要用文字进行交流,这种用于交流的文章称为应用文。应用文的语言必须平实、准确、简洁,格式规范,结构严谨,信息真实。应用文的种类繁多,如书信、通知、发言稿、演讲稿、日记、广告、海报、电子邮件、寻物启事、招领启事、邀请函等。从近几年的高考书面表达可以发现,在每年的高考题中,应用文占相当大的比例。2010年的18套试卷中有12套考查了应用文;2011年的18套试卷中有9套考查了应用文,2012年的18套试卷中有10套考查了应用文,其中书信、电子邮件是应用文中最常见的写作体裁,也是高考中最频繁的写作内容,其次是通知、发言稿、演讲稿、日记等。下面着重讲解书信、电子邮件等常见应用文体的写作技巧:1.书信书信是人们进行书面交流的文体,主要包括私人信件、公务信函。英文书信大致分为私人信件(personal letter)和业务信件(business letter)两类。前者通常指私人间来往的信件;后者指单位与单位或单位与个人之间,因接洽工作而来往的信件,主要包括商业信函、求职信、推荐信、感谢信、请柬等。英文书信格式通常包括以下六个部分:信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语和签名六个部分。高考中的书信,信的开头和结尾一般在题目中都已经给出,只要求学生写出正文。 正文的内容可以是记述一件事情、讨论一些问题、说明某个事理、解释某个原因等,究其实质,就是记叙文、说明文、议论文在实际生活中的应用。1.书信常用开头语:thank you for your letter dated july 2,2012.感谢你2012年7月2日的来信。many thanks for your letter of september 5,2012.多谢你2012年9月5日的信。in reply to your letter dated 4th july,i want to say.对于你7月4日的来信,我想说what a treat to receive your kind letter of may 5th!收到你5月5日的来信真是一件乐事!it is always a thrill to see your nice handwriting.看到你隽秀的字迹总是让我兴奋不已。with great delight i learn from your letter of this sunday that.从你这个周日的来信中我高兴地得知i am very much pleased to inform you that.我很高兴地通知你how is everything with you lately?最近一切可好?i wish to apply for the teaching position you are offering.我想申请你们提供的教师职位。thank you for your warm congratulations.感谢你的热烈的祝贺。2.信中词:tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事get information about.得到关于信息express ones idea(feelings)in english用英语表达自己的思想(情感)explain sth.to sb.向某人解释某事write sb.a letter saying.给某人写信说thank you for.感谢你hear from sb.收到某人的来信talk about/of sth.谈论某事3.结束语:awaiting your good news./we await your good news.looking forward to your early reply.hoping to hear from you soon.we look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.your early reply will be highly appreciated.any other particulars wanted we shall be pleased to send you.please let us know if you want more information.please let me know if you are interested and if you have any other question id be happy to help.i hope you always enjoy yourself.(1) 投诉信模板dear ,i am (自我介绍).i feel bad to trouble you but i am afraid that i have to make a complaint about (投诉事件).the reason for my dissatisfaction is (总体介绍).in the first place, (抱怨的第一个方面).in addition, (抱怨的第二个方面). under these circumstances,i find it (感觉)to (抱怨的方面给你带来的后果).id appreciate it very much if you could (提出建议和请求),preferably (进一步的要求),and i would like to have this matter settled by (设定解决事情最后期限).thank you for your consideration and i will be looking forward to your reply.yours sincerely,li hua(2) 建议信模板dear ,im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to (引出对方需要建议的主题).here are a few suggestions.first,it is important to (建议一).then,it also helps to (建议二).besides,it should be a good idea to (建议三).you can also (根据要求用不同的句式提出建议).as to (其他的建议),i suggest (需要具体到某一方面).in addition,(其他的建议).im sure (预测可能的结果,给对方以行动的信心和决心).i hope you will find my suggestions useful and im looking forward to (表达愿望).sincerely yours,li hua (3)祝贺信模板dear, i have learned with delight that you (祝贺事由).i would like to extend to you my utmost congratulations on (祝贺事由).you must be (被祝贺人的心情).and i feel very happy for you. (所取得的成绩)is quite exciting news!i know this is surely owing to (被祝贺人过去的努力).it is a reward you richly deserve for your (被祝贺人的优点).kindly let me know when you (咨询对方何时有空).i hope (表达自己的愿望).my best wishes for your further success.yours sincerely,li hua【实例1】(2012四川)假如你是大学一年级新生李华。开学之初,你的英语老师ms li希望了解每位同学的英语学习情况,并征求教学建议。请按以下要点用英语给她写一封信。1.对英语学习的认识;2.自己目前的英语水平;3.自己英语学习存在的主要问题;4.对英语教学的两点建议。注意:1.词数100左右;2.信的开头和结尾已给出。dear ms li,im very happy to have you as our english teacher.thank you!li huaone possible version:dear ms li,im very happy to have you as our english teacher.as the world is becoming a global village,english is getting more and more important,so mastering english means we can see the world through a new window.my english is just ok and the two main problems in my study are that i feel it difficult to learn words by heart,and that i often feel nervous when speaking english.i really hope that you can give me good advice on how to memorize new words.another suggestion is to give us more chances to practice speaking.i believe we can make much progress in english with your help.thank you!li hua【实例2】假定你是李华,你的舍友经常有一些不为他人着想的行为,如其朋友经常来访吵闹,他经常晚上打电话,未经允许就用你的东西等。这些影响了你的学习。你不想再跟他住在一起,为此你向宿舍管理员写一封抱怨信,要求下学期搬到一间单人间里。(写信日期:2012/08/08)one possible version:dear sir or madam,8th august,2012i am li hua.i feel bad to trouble you,but i am afraid that i have to make a complaint about my roommate.the reason for my dissatisfaction with my present roommate is his inconsiderate behavior.for one thing,his friends are constantly visiting him,making a lot of noise;for another,he regularly makes calls at night.in addition,he often uses my things without asking for my permission.under such circumstances,i find it difficult to concentrate on my lessons,and i am failing behind in my studies.id appreciate it very much if you could arrange for me to move into a room of my own,where i will be free from these kinds of distractions.i would be very grateful if you could arrange a single room for me.sincerely yours,li hua2.电子邮件随着internet的普及,越来越多的人开始使用电子邮件进行交流。与书信比起来,电子邮件没有复杂的格式,只有称呼、正文、结束语、签名等,而内容则与书信没有区别。1.称呼电子邮件一般使用非正式的文体,称呼不像书信那样严格,朋友、同辈之间可以直呼其名,对于长辈可以加上头衔或者姓。 2.正文正文是电子邮件的主体部分。可每段第一行右缩述,转行顶格,也可每行都顶格。3.结束语结束语(客套话)通常也很简明。常常只需一个词,如:“thanks”,“best”,“cheers”,也可以用一般信函中的“sincerely yours”或“best regards”。4.签名直接写发件人的姓名即可。im writing to ask if you can come next week.我写信是想问你下周能不能来.i was delighted to receive your e-mail.收到你的邮件我很高兴。i cannot tell you how much your e-mail delighted me.我无法表达你的来信使我多么高兴。i intend to give up my present post in order to get a more challenging opportunity.我打算放弃目前的职位,以找到一个更有挑战性的机会。he is good at solving difficult problems with logical mind.他善于用逻辑思维解决难题。it gave me a great deal of pleasure to learn.我十分高兴地获悉accept my heartiest congratulations.接受我最衷心的祝贺。i wish/let us wish you all the happiness in the world!我祝愿/让我们祝愿你享有世界上的一切幸福!thank you for contributing so much to the pleasure of our stay in.感谢你为使我们在的停留期间的愉快所做的一切。(1)表示感谢的电子邮件模板dear, i am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for (感谢的原因).if it had not been for your assistance in (对方给予的具体帮助),i fear that i would have been (没有对方帮助时的后果).everyone agrees that it was you who (给出细节).again,i would like to express my warm thanks to you! please accept my gratitude.yours sincerely,li hua(2)表示邀请的电子邮件模板dear,there will be a (内容)at/in (地点)on (时间).we would be honored to have you there with us.the occasion will start at (具体时间).this will be followed by a (进一步的安排).at around (时间),(另一个安排).i really hope you can make it.reply,if you please before (通知你的最后期限).yours sincerely,li hua(3)表示请求的电子邮件模板dear ,i am writing to formally request to (请求的内容).the reason for is that (给出原因).i ,so i (给出细节).i would also like to request (提出进一步的要求). i am sorry for any inconvenience i have caused.thank you for your attention to these requests.if you have any questions,do not hesitate to contact me at (电话号码).i look forward to a favorable reply.yours sincerely,li hua(2012天津)假设你是李津,你的美国朋友chris就读于天津某国际学校。他热爱中国文化,特别是戏曲文化。8月5日下午2:00在新落成的天津大剧院将上演越剧梁山伯与祝英台。请你根据以下提示,用英语给chris写一封电子邮件,邀请他一起观看演出。*提出邀请并简述原因;*提出观剧后活动建议(如参观附近的博物馆或美术馆等)*请求对方回复注意:1.请使用规范英语,词数不少于100;2.可适当加入细节,以使内容充实、行文连贯;3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。参考词汇:越剧shaoxing opera梁山伯与祝英台 butterfly lovers天津大剧院tianjin grand theaterdear chris,i have good news to tell you.yours,li jin one possible version:dear chris,i have good news to tell you.the famous shaoxing opera “butterfly lovers” will be on show in tianjin grand theatre at 2:00 pm on the 5th,august.it tells of a beautiful and sad tragedy love story in ancient china.the main characters,liang shanbo and zhu yingtai,who love each other deeply,cant become husband and wife when alive,and eventually living together as butterflies.i know youre really attached to traditional chinese culture,especially drama,so it is a show you cant miss.would you like to enjoy the performance together? maybe after that we can pay a visit to the nearby museums or galleries.looking forward to your early reply.yours,li jin3.日记日记是用来叙述一天生活中发生的重要事情的文体,特别是那些具有教育意义和值得回忆、查阅或参考的事情,其素材应是最有趣或最有感受的一些事情。日记的写作手法灵活,形式多样,以记叙文或简单的议论文为体裁,字数不宜太多。1.日记的格式通常在左上角写星期几(sunday,monday,tuesday等)。随后写日期,顺序可以是月、日、年(如august 5th,2012),也可以是日、月、年 (如5th august,2012)。月份常可写缩略式,如:jan.,oct.,dec.等。在右上角写天气情况(如:rainy,sunny,cloudy,fine等),第二行开始写日记的正文。2.日记的时态记日记的时间,一般是当天晚上或第二天,所做的事情已经过去了,所以动词多用过去时态,间或用过去完成时和过去进行时。当表示习惯的动作、客观事实、普遍真理、名言或谚语时,要使用一般现在时。如果要发表自己的感想、打算或决心,可使用一般将来时。3.表示天气状况的词语fine晴天的;sunny阳光充足的,阳光明媚的;cloudy阴天的,多云的;hot炎热的;cold寒冷的;cool凉爽的;snowy下雪的;foggy雾的;rainy下雨的;warm暖和的;windy刮风的;stormy暴风it was a sunny day.那是个晴朗的日子。at last we got to the top of the mountain.最后,我们到达了山顶。i was busy but happy today.今天我很忙,却很高兴。we felt happy because we had done a good job.我们都很高兴,因为我们做了一件好事。the students who are excellent at english took part in the contest.那些擅长英语的学生参加了比赛。i am going to study hard and do good preparation for my future.我打算好好学习为我的未来做好准备。what a significant day i had today!我今天过得多么有意义啊!this afternoon my school held an english-speaking contest named “challenging the future” in the multi-function classroom.今天下午,我们学校在多功能教室举办了题为“挑战未来”的英语演讲比赛。from this i realized that we shouldnt waste our time of today and shouldnt put todays work off to tomorrow.由此我意识到我们不应该浪费今天的时间,不应该把今天的事推到明天。time and tide wait for no man.岁月不等人。nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事,只怕有心人。practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。对于记事式日记,考生需描述事件发生的时间、地点、原因、人物及结果,最后对事件进行简单分析。对这类题型,通常分为三个步骤来写:第一段:主题句交代清楚故事涉及的人物、时间、地点。第二段:具体描述具体描述事件发生的原因、经过和结果。第三段:对事件的分析和感受【实例1】假设你是红星中学高三(1)班的学生李华,校报英文版正在开展“续写雷锋日记”活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,将你所做的一件好事以日记形式记述下来,向校报投稿。(2012北京)注意:1.日记的开头已为你写好。2.词数不少于60。saturday,june 2finethis morning,参考范文:saturday,june 2finethis morning, when i was walking on the street,i saw that two travelers were reading a map,looking puzzled.it seemed they were lost.i went up to them and asked how i could help.they told me they were looking for the temple of heaven.i led them to the nearby bus stop and advised them to take bus no.20,which could take them there directly.they appreciated my help greatly.before long,the bus came.we waved good-bye to each other.seeing them on the bus,i felt a kind of satisfaction.【实例2】你10月15日(星期一)一天的活动安排如下,请根据此活动安排用英语写一篇日记。注意:词数100左右。时间地点活动安排8:00校门口欢迎德国学生(约30人) 到校参观访问8:309:30体育馆联欢会(get-together),交换礼品9:3010:30校园内参观教学楼、实验楼、宿舍楼等10:3011:30篮球场友谊篮球赛12:00校门口欢送德国学生离校参考范文:oct,15th mondayfineabout thirty german students came to visit our school today.we gathered at the school gate at 8 oclock to give them a warm welcome.then we had a get-together in the gymnasium.our headmaster told them something about our school.and then we talked with each other and exchanged gifts.from nine thirty we showed them around our school.they visited our classroom buildings,the lab building,and the dormitories.a friendly basketball game started on the sports ground at ten thirty.at twelve oclock all german students left our school.what a busy and interesting day! we learnt a lot from each other.and most importantly,a deep and lasting friendship.4.通知通知(announcement)主要是上级对下级,组织对成员布置工作、传达精神或召开会议时所采用的一种文体。当然,同级的组织、单位有事情要互相讨论或协商,也可以互发通知。通知不同于其他文体如书信、日记等,语言要规范,切忌使用模糊不清的语言和俗语。时间、地点及有关事宜一定交代清楚。在通知中,被动语态使用较多,且多半用将来时态。通知包括口头通知和书面通知两种:(1) 口头通知口头通知只是一种备用稿的形式,发通知的单位和日期都可以省略不写,开头往往要有称呼语,结尾通常也有结束语,在写口头通知的时候可加上标题(announcement)。既然是口头通知,在语言上应尽可能口语化,如:there will be.;were going to.等。口头通知在写作时,多用第二人称表示被通知的对象。(2)书面通知书面通知(notice)是一种比较正式的通知,为了醒目起见,一般要有标题(notice),要写明发通知的单位及日期,以便让有关人员一目了然。发通知的单位名称,应写在“notice”一词上面,也可写在正文后面右下角。较正式的通知必须有单位负责人的署名,署名下面写上职务。发通知的日期,一般写在左下角,但有时可以省略。写书面通知要力求简明扼要。常见的由以下五点组成,即时间,地点,事情,相关人员以及注意事项等。书面通知的时态:常使用一般将来时和一般现在时。书面通知的对象:一般采用第三人称。口头通知通常使用下列句型:1.称呼语:boys and girls孩子们;dear classmates亲爱的同学们;ladies and gentlemen女士们,先生们。2.正文开头:attention,please.请注意。may i have your attention,please?请注意!please be quiet.请安静一下。i have something important to tell you.我有重要的事要告诉你们。ive got something important to announce/say.我有重要的事要宣布(说)。ive got an announcement to make.我有个通知。im glad to tell you that.非常高兴地告诉你们3.结束语:dont be late.不要迟到了。be sure not to be late.一定不要迟到。please be present on time.一定要准时到场。please take your notebooks with you and be on time.请带着笔记准时到场。those who are interested in it are warmly welcome.我们将欢迎对此感兴趣的人。thats all.thank you.就这么多,非常感谢。书面通知通常使用的语句有:notice is given here that. 通知说all of them are requested to note that.通知要求所有的人注意a report on computer will be given by prof.smith.史密斯教授将给我们做一个关于计算机的报告class one and class two,grade one will go to the xishan park to.一年级一班和二班将到西山公园去please be there on time.请按时到那儿。everybody is expected to attend希望所有的人都参加the sports meet will be put off till.运动会将推迟到1.口头通知模板greeting(boys and girls/ladies and gentlemen/friends,)may i have your attention,please? i have an announcement to make.there will be (通知内容) in/at (地点、时间).the (内容).all the teachers and students are required (要求).thats all.thank you.2.书面通知模板title (notice/notice)in order to (目的), (活动/事件)will be held (具体地点、时间).the (事件大体内容).those who (要求).all are welcome to join in the contest. (发布通知者)(通知发布日期)【实例1】为了进一步培养学生学习英语的兴趣,提高学生的口语水平,杭州九中邀请了上海外国语大学(shanghai international studies university)的李鸣教授(professor)进行有关如何提高口语的讲座。时间:本周六下午1点地点:学校报告厅(meeting hall)欢迎同学们踊跃参加,报告结束后将放映英语电影。如你是班长,请用口头形式通知全班同学。注意:1.要求80词左右;2.开头和结尾已写好,不计入总词数。attention,please,everyone!thats all.thank you!one possible version:attention,please,everyone!i have something to tell you.there will be a talk on a special topic in the school meeting hall at one oclock this saturday afternoon.it is about how to improve your spoken english.the speaker is mr li,a professor from english department of shanghai international studies university.welcome all the classmates to take an active part in it.after that an english film will be shown.please be on time.thats all.thank you.【实例2】最近你校成立了“集邮俱乐部”,下面是有关报名和第一次活动的安排。请你以学生会的名义写一则书面通知。报名时间下周星期一至星期五地点2号楼312房间登记(register)第一次活动时间12月19日下午4:30地点学校会议室内容1.开幕式(opening ceremony)2.邮票展览,并提供最新邮票3.讲座:新中国邮票史参考范文:noticeyoure welcome to join the stamp collecting club,which has been set up in our school.all the students who want to join the club may register in room 312,no.2 building from next monday to friday.the opening ceremony of the club will be held at 4:30 p.m.on december 19 in our school meeting room.after the ceremony we are going to have a stamp show and a lecture on the history of stamp collecting in new china.the club has decided to supply the members of the club with the latest stamps.the students union5.发言稿发言稿是在公共场所向一群人宣告某事件的文稿。发言稿可以分为欢迎辞、欢送辞、演讲稿、倡议书等形式。1.格式:发言稿一般由三部分组成:开头语、正文和结束语。开头语一般来说比较简单,目的就是要吸引听众或读者的注意力。2.结构:正文是发言稿的主体部分,主要是提供论点和相关的论据等,论点要明确,论据要充分有力。为了使发言稿的结构清晰明了,一般采用分段的方式将缘由和结果或要求表达出来。3.语言:发言稿以简单句为主要的表达形式。同时,发言稿的语言必须有感染力,常使用祈使句、感叹句、强调句等句式来达到这种目的。写作时要注意适当地使用关联词承前启后,用词要得体,符合语言环境。4.时态:时态一般以将来时为主,但介绍已发生的情况或发出倡议的背景时也可以使用一般过去时、一般现在时或现在进行时。its a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech.站在这里发表演讲,我非常荣幸。im very glad to have a chance here to make a speech on.在此做有关的演讲我感到很高兴。today we are having a party here to.今天我们在此开晚会来it gives us great pleasure to get together,with a guest from the united states of america.和来自美国的朋友相聚我们感到非常荣幸。welcome to our city.now let me introduce.to you.欢迎来到我们城市。现在让我来向您介绍i think it is a good opportunity for us to talk with mr.smith.if you have any questions on learning english,please feel free to ask him for help.我认为和史密斯先生进行交谈对我们来说是一个很好的机会。如果你们有关于英语学习的任何问题,主动地向他寻求帮助。boys and girls/ladies and gentlemen,its a great honor for me to stand here and give my speech.my name is (自我介绍).the topic of my speech is (发言主题).to begin with,many people suggest that.secondly.thirdly.(话题或现象列举).what i want to stress is that (重申主题).for one thing.for another.besides.(原因或重要性列举).in a word, (总结). thank you (for your listening).在我们的生活和学习中,与人合作是非常重要的。请你根据下表中所提供的信息,写一篇题为“cooperate with others”的英文演讲稿。为何与人合作1.可以高效地完成任务;2.可以节省时间和精力;3.可以从合作者身上学到很多。与谁合作与喜欢的人合作心情愉快,一起分享工作中的快乐和痛苦。与不喜欢的人合作能挑战自己与他人相处的能力。此外,关注工作比关注他人更重要。怎样做一个好的合作者请你发表自己的观点(至少2点看法)注意:1.对所给要点,逐一陈述,适当发挥,不要简单翻译。2.词数150左右。开头和结尾已经写好,不计入总词数。3.演讲稿中不得提及考生所在学校及本人姓名。参考词汇:合作者partnergood afternoon,everyone!the topic of my speech today is“cooperate with others”.thank you for your listening!参考范文:good afternoon,everyone!the topic of my speech today is“cooperate with others”.in our daily life and study,if we want to accomplish our work efficiently,we must all learn to cooperate with others.cooperation can save us a lot of time and energy.additionally,we can learn much from our partners by cooperating with them.when we cooperate with someone we like,we will feel very happy.we can s