【志鸿优化设计】高考英语第一轮复习 （归纳拓展+巩固提升）语法专题六 情态动词（含解析） 译林牛津版.doc

语法专题六情态动词情态动词表示说话人的语气和情绪，本身词义不全，不能单独作谓语，后面必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，但有的情态动词有过去式。考点一can与could1表示能力，但could主要指过去的能力。表示“过去有能力成功做成某事”时通常用was/were able to。the little boy can speak two foreign languages.could the girl read before she went to school?everyone was able to escape when the fire broke out.2表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上，并不涉及此事真的发生），常译为“往往会，有时候可能会”，常用于肯定句中。accidents can happen on rainy days.3表示请求和允许。在问句中could语气比can要委婉。you can go back home now.4表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。how can you be so careless?5表示推测，常用于否定句和疑问句中，语气较强。he cant be in the classroom；the light is not on.6cannot/never.too/enough.表示“再也不为过”。you can never be too careful when driving a car.7cannot but do sth./cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth.表示“不得不，只好做某事”。you cannot choose but go with me.考点二shall1用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等；此外，颁布法律、规定时也用shall。the new law shall come into effect next month.2用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方指示。shall the man standing outside have a try?考点三must1表示主观上的“必须，应该”，其否定形式mustnt表示禁止。对比：have to表示客观上的“不得不”，可用于各种时态。you must listen carefully in class.students mustnt play with mobile phones in class.i had lost my key，so i had to wait outdoors.2表示“非要，偏要”做某事，表达出说话者的一种不满情绪。why must you be talking so loudly when others are sleeping?3表示对具体事情的推测，意为“一定，肯定”，语气较强，只用于肯定句中。he must come from america.考点四should 1表示义务，常译为“应该”，用于各种人称。parents should take care of their babies.2表示预测可能性，译为“可能，（按道理）应该”，多指对未来合乎理想的情况或结果的一种期盼。its nearly 8 oclock.he should be here at the moment.3表示惊讶、意外等，常译为“竟然，居然”。i am surprised that you should speak ill of me.4用在if条件句中，表示可能性很小的一种虚拟语气，常译为“如果”。if i should see him，i would tell him the news.考点五will与would1表示意愿，用于各种人称的陈述句中。would常指过去的意愿。if you will read the book，ill give it to you.2表示请求，用于疑问句。would语气较委婉。will you close the window?3表示某种倾向或习惯性动作，常译为“总是，惯于”。would 可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，后面接表示动作的动词，不能接表示状态的词。对比：used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，强调现在已不存在。he would sit in the park which used to be a factory reading for hours.考点六may与might1表示请求、允许、许可，might比may语气委婉。you may use my bike.2表示推测，常用于陈述句中，语气比较弱，把握性不大。might语气比may还要弱。 he may go out.3may as well动词原形，意为“最好，倒不如”。you may as well do it at once.4may well动词原形，意为“完全能，很可能”。her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize at first sight.5may用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。may you return in safety.考点七need 与dare1二者都可以作为情态动词和行为动词。当作情态动词时，后面要接动词原形，通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。用作行为动词时，其变化和一般的动词相同，有人称和数的变化，构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助动词do，does，did。dare用作行为动词，用于否定句和疑问句时，常省略后面的to。you neednt hurry；he needs to dress up.the little didnt dare（to）go out at night alone.2need作行为动词时，若主语为动作的承受者时用动词的主动形式表示被动意义或用不定式的被动形式。the house needs repairing.the house needs to be repaired.3i dare say为习惯说法，意为“我想，大概”。i dare say she dare not speak to her father in this manner.考点八情态动词表推测1can，may，must皆可用来表示推测。1）在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能性。在含义上“must”语气最肯定，“may”表示不太肯定的可能性，而can表示理论上的可能性。2）在否定句中只能用“can not”和“may not”。“cant”（不可能）语气比“may not”（可能不、也许不）更强。3）在疑问句中只能用“can”，不能用“may”和“must”。accidents can happen on such snowy days.look，there is some blood on the road；an accident must have happened just now.but it cant have been mike，for i saw him in the school.2should 与ought to 可以表示对未来情况的一种期盼，常译为“按理应当”。he should/ought to be here on timehe started early.考点九情态动词have done1could have done的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中couldnt have done 多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“过去不可能做过”。could have done在肯定句中表示“本来能做但却没做”。the accident could have been avoided；the driver couldnt have slowed down.2may/might have done 表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might 所表示的可能性比较弱，此外might have done 还可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”，含有轻微的责备语气。you might have given him more help，though you were busy with your work.3must have done 表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定，想必做过”，语气十分肯定。it must have rained yesterday，as the ground is wet.4should/ought to have done 用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做某事反而做了。you oughtnt to have been late for the meeting，as it was very important.5neednt have done 表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。i actually neednt have bought so much foodonly three people came.6had better have done 用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”。i had better have started earlier.1（2012课标全国高考）i _use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.acouldnt bmustnt cshouldnt dneednt2（2012全国高考）im going to europe on vacation together with john if i _ find the money.acan bmight cwould dneed3（2012北京高考）we _ the difficulty together，but why didnt you tell me?ashould face bmight faceccould have faced dmust have faced4（2012天津高考）its quite warm here；we _ turn the heating on yet.acouldnt bmustnt cneednt dwouldnt5（2012上海高考）the new law states that people _ drive after drinking alcohol.awouldnt bneednt cwont dmustnt6（2012重庆高考） _ you interrupt now？cant you see im on the phone? sorry sir，but its urgent.acan bshould cmust dwould7（2012江苏高考）days later，my brother called to say he was all right，but _ say where he was.amustnt bshouldnt cwouldnt dmightnt8（2012江苏高考）happy birthday!thank you！its the best present i _for.ashould have wished bmust have wishedcmay have wished dcould have wished9（2012江西高考）we _ have bought so much food now that suzie wont be with us for dinner.amay not bneednt ccant dmustnt10（2012辽宁高考）one of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school.amight bcould cshall dwill11（2012陕西高考）i _ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.awont bcant ccan dwill12（2012四川高考）i got close enough to hear them speaking chinese，and i said “ni hao，”just as i_do in china.amust bmight ccan dshould13（2011全国高考）if you _ smoke，please go outside.acan bshould cmust dmay14（2011北京高考）i dont really like james.why did you invite him?dont worry.he _ come.he said he wasnt certain what his plans were.amust not bneed notcwould not dmight not15（2011北京高考）i _ worry about my weekendi always have my plans ready before it comes.acant bmustnt cdarent dneednt16（2011江苏高考）i left my handbag on the train，but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.how unbelievable to get it back！i mean，someone _ it.awill have stolen bmight have stolencshould have stolen dmust have stolen17（2011福建高考）shall i inform him of the change of the schedule right now?i am afraid you _，in case he comes late for the meeting.awill bmust cmay dcan18（2011浙江高考）hows your new babysitter?we _ ask for a better one.all our kids love her so much.ashould bmight cmustnt dcouldnt19（2011四川高考）the police still havent found the lost child，but theyre doing all they _.acan bmay cmust dshould20（2011重庆高考）why didnt you come to simons party last night?i wanted to，but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night.acould bmight cwould dshould21（2011陕西高考）will you read me a story，mummy?ok.you _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.amight bmust ccould dshall22（2011湖南高考）no one _ be compared with yao ming in playing basketball.oh，you are really his big fan.acan bneed cmust dmight23（2011辽宁高考）if you _ go，at least wait until the storm is over.acan bmay cmust dwill24（2011江西高考）it _ be the postman at the door.its only six oclock.amustnt bcant cwont dneednt25（2013河北普通高中教学质监）for those who _ go to college，there are still hundreds of highpaying jobs that only require a high school diploma.acant bmustnt cshant dneednt26（2013山西第二次四校联考）mum，i could hardly keep my eyes open.but you _ be so sleepyyou didnt get up until 9 this morning.amustnt bshouldnt cwouldnt dneednt27（2013北京东城区示范校综合练习一）my cousin _ be really shy at times even though he is cheerful in general.ashall bshould ccan dmust28（2013云南昆明摸底）mum，could i play outside with my friends?if you finish your homework，you_do it.ashall bshould cwill dwould参考答案 1da项意为“不能够，不可以”；b项意为“禁止，绝对不可”；c项意为“不应该”；d项意为“不必，不需要”。根据句意判断应选d项，句意：我没有必要使用闹钟把我叫醒，因为每天早晨六点钟火车都要从我的房子旁边经过。2acan“能够”；might “可能”；would “愿意”；need “需要”。句意：如果我能找到那笔钱，我打算和约翰一起去欧洲度假。故选a项。3c句意：我们本可以一起面对困难的，但是你为什么不告诉我？could have done sth “本可以做某事”；should do sth “应该做某事”；might do sth “可能做某事”，must have done sth “一定做了某事”，表推测。根据句意可知选c项。4c句意：这里现在很暖和，我们还没有必要打开供暖设备。couldnt “不能”；mustnt “禁止，不许”；neednt “不必”；wouldnt “不愿，不想”。5d句意：这项新法律说，人们在喝酒之后禁止开车。故此处用mustnt表示“禁止”。6c由第一句可知说话者正忙着，不满意对方的打搅，must表示与说话者主观愿望相反或表示一种不耐烦的情绪，常译成 “偏要，偏偏”。can表示可能性；should表示“应该”；would表示“将要，要”，都不符合题意。句意：你现在偏要打搅我，难道你没看见我正在打电话吗？对不起，先生。但是有急事。故选c项。7cmustnt意为“禁止，绝对不可”；shouldnt意为“不应该”；wouldnt意为“不愿意，不想”；mightnt意为“可能不，也许不”。句意：几天后，我弟弟打电话说他很好，但是就是不说他在哪里。8dshould have done意为“本应该做”；must have done意为“一定做过”；may have done意为“可能做过”；could have done意为“本能够做，本可以做”。根据句意判断应选d项，表示“这是我能够希望得到的最好的礼物”。9b句意：既然苏西不与我们一起吃晚饭，我们原本不必买那么多食物。neednt have done表示原本不必要做某事，但事实上已经做了。10c句意：我们有一项规定，每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。此处shall表示按照法律、条文、规定必须要做的事情。其他选择项均无此用法。11b句意：在我们不在家期间，你对我儿子的帮助我感激不尽。can not 或can never 与too much 连用表示“再也不过分”。故选b项。12bmight表示可能性。句意：我走近了，听见他们在说汉语。然后我就以在中国可能的打招呼方式说了声“你好”。must“必须，偏要”，can“能够，可能”，should“应该”，均不符合句意。13c此处must表示“偏偏，非要”。句意：如果你非要吸烟，请到外面去。14d句意：我真不喜欢詹姆斯，你为什么邀请他？不要担心，他有可能不来，他说过他对他的计划不确定。might “可能”，可能性较小。由句意可知，选d项。15d句意：我不必担心我的周末，我总是在周末到来之前做好计划。cant“不能”；mustnt“禁止，不许”；darent“不敢”；neednt “不必”。16b根据语境可知，手提包失而复得。这里是猜测，但并不确定，意为“这个手提包可能会被偷”。might的可能性小。17bwill “愿意，要”，用来表示一个人的意愿；must “必须，一定”，用来表示必要性；may “可以”；can “能够，会”。由空前的im afraid可知，此处应侧重