高考英语 高频语法串讲 动词的语态.doc

高考英语语法专讲：动词的语态一.概念: 动词的语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系.英语的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态.主动语态用于主动句,表示主语是动作的执行者.被动语态用于被动句,表示主语是动作的承受者.主动语态的构成方式与动词时态相同,而被动语态由 助动词be+过去分词 构成,有人称,数,时态的变化. 一. 相关知识点精讲 1. let 的用法 1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。例如： they let the strange go.他们放陌生人走了。 - the strange was let go. 2）当let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。例如： the nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. 那护士让我去探望住院的同学。 - i was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital. 2.短语动词的被动语态 短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如： my sister will be taken care of by grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顾。 such a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事闻所未闻。 3. 表示据说或相信 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。例如： it is said that 据说 it is reported that 据报道 it is believed that大家相信 it is hoped that大家希望 it is well known that 众所周知 it is thought that大家认为 it is suggested that据建议 it is taken granted that 被视为当然 it has been decided that 大家决定 it must be remember that 务必记住的是 4. 不用被动语态的情况 1）不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die disappear, end（vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等没有无被动语态。例如： after the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火过后，我家烧得所剩无几。 比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。 要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。 2） 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如： this key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只配这把锁。 your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你说的与我们听说的一致。 3） 系动词无被动语态，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如：it sounds good. 听上去不错。 4） 带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream， live/life等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如： she dreamed a bad dream