【志鸿全优设计】高中英语 Unit2GrowingpainsSectionⅡ目标导学 译林版必修1.doc

unit 2 growing painssection grammar定语从句()一、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句要掌握“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，我们要注意以下三点：1关系代词的选用在介词后作宾语的关系代词一般只有which，whose和whom。如先行词是物，引导词用which；如先行词是人，则引导词用whom；whose适用于两者，但要注意whose后面有它所修饰的名词或代词，因为whose在定语从句中起到形容词的作用。this is the ship on which i went to shanghai.这是我去上海所乘坐的船。this is the student for whom i bought the book.这是我给买书的那个学生。the boss in whose firm i worked for 10 years retired yesterday.我供职十年的那家公司的老板昨天退休了。2介词的选用“介词关系代词”中的介词主要有以下三种确定方法：(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词来选用介词。the fellow to whom i spoke made no answer at first.(speak to)和我说话的那个人起先没有回答。the west lake，for which hangzhou is famous，is a beautiful place.(be famous for)西湖是个美丽的地方，杭州以此而闻名。(2)根据先行词来确定介词。in his room，we saw a big table on which there were all kinds of books.(on a big table)在他的屋子里，我看见一张大桌子，上面放着各种书。yesterday we had the meeting at which we discussed many problems.(at the meeting)昨天我们开了个会，会上我们讨论了许多问题。(3)根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。air，without which man cant live，is really important.空气确实太重要了，没有它人类就不能生存。in front of the house tom is planting a tree，under which he will be able to sit and read some day.汤姆正在屋前种一棵树，将来有一天他将能坐在这树下看书。3介词的位置介词一般放在关系代词which，whose和whom之前，但也可放在原来的位置上。the house in which we live is not large.the house (which/that)we live in is not large.我们住的房子不大。this is the man from whom i learned the news.this is the man(that/whom)i learned the news from.这就是告诉我消息的那个人。注意：介词和从句中的动词是固定词组时，这个介词一般不前置。介词不在关系词前时，关系代词可以用that和who，而且有时也可省略，这样的固定词组有look for，look after，take care of等。这是我正在找的书。this is the book(which/that)i am looking for.(正)this is the book for which i am looking.(误)这位老人就是我所照顾的病人。the old man is the patient(who/that/whom)i am looking after.(正)the old man is the patient after whom i am looking.(误)二、关系副词引导的定语从句常见的关系副词有when，where，why。1when修饰的先行词是表示时间的词，如time，moment，month，day，year等，在定语从句中作时间状语。do you remember the day when he was born？do you remember the day? he was born on that day.你记得他出生的日期吗？we dont know the exact time when they will return.我们不知道他们回来的确切时间。2where修饰的先行词是表示地点的词，如school，house，place，village等，在定语从句中作地点状语。this is the house where he was born.这是他出生的房间。she lived in rome for a couple of years where she taught english.she lived in rome for a couple of years.she taught english in rome.她在罗马住了几年，在那里她教英语。注意：当先行词是situation，condition，case，position，stage，point等时，关系副词也用where。can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?你能想出一个可以使用这个词组的场合吗？3why修饰表示原因的词，在定语从句中作原因状语。tell me the reason why you were absent yesterday.告诉我你昨天缺席的原因。4在定语从句中，关系副词常可变为“介词which”的形式。do you remember the day when/on which he was born?she lived in rome for a couple of years where/in which she taught english.tell me the reason why/for which you were absent yesterday.5确定定语从句的引导词一定要根据引导词在从句中所作的句子成分来确定，先行词在从句中作主语、宾语时用关系代词，作状语时用关系副词。ill never forget the day(that/which)i spent with you on the island.(作宾语)我永远忘不了和你在岛上度过的那一天。ill never forget the day when i joined the army.(作时间状语)我永远忘不了参军的那一天。i dont believe the reason (that/which) he gave at the meeting.(作宾语)我不相信他在会上给出的理由。i dont believe the reason why he was late.(作原因状语)我不相信他迟到的理由。this is the factory(that/whic