【志鸿全优设计】高中英语 Unit4EarthquakesSectionⅡ目标导学 新人教版必修1.doc

unit 4earthquakessection grammar语法指南定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that，which，who(宾格whom，所有格whose)，其中that，which，who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom作宾语，whose用作定语。1that既可以指物，也可以指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略，但不能跟在介词后引导定语从句。the woman that burst out of the room just now was angry with you.刚才冲出房间的那位女士生你的气了。(指人，作主语)this is the novel that interests me.这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)the magazine(that)i bought yesterday is lost.我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语)2which用于指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略，但跟在介词后引导定语从句时不能省略。it is a country which has a short history.这是一个历史很短的国家。(作主语)the radio (which) he bought yesterday doesnt work.他昨天买的收音机坏了。this is the house in which i once lived.这是我曾经住过的房子。(作介词in的宾语)3who用于指人，可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略，但直接跟在介词后时需用whom引导定语从句，且不能省略。the man who is talking with my father is a policeman.正在与我父亲谈话的那个人是警察。(作主语)the professor(who/whom) you wish to see has gone abroad.你希望见的那位教授出国了。(作宾语)he is the doctor to whom your mother spoke.他就是与你母亲谈过话的那位医生。(作介词宾语，whom不能省略)4whose既可以指人，也可以指物，在从句中作定语。this is the woman scientist whose name is known all over the country.这就是那位闻名全国的女科学家。he lives in a room whose window faces north.他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。whose通常可用“then.ofwhom/which”替换，以上两句可以分别替换成：this is the woman scientist，the name of whom is known all over the country.he lives in a room，the window of which faces north.5在以下情况中用that不用which。(1)当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。all that is needed has been bought.所需要的一切都已经买了。(2)当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。the first thing that should be done is to get some food.要做的第一件事是弄点儿吃的。(3)当先行词被the very，the only，the same等修饰时。thats the only thing that we can do now.那是目前我们唯一能做的事。(4)当先行词既指人又指物时。they talked about the persons and things that they saw in the factory.他们谈论起在工厂里看到的人和事。(5)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。lucy is not the girl that she used to be.露西已经不是过去的她了。(6)当要避免与疑问词which重复时。which is the car that was made in beijing?哪辆车是在北京制造的？(7)当先行词为数词时。he brought two cats yesterday.now i can see the two that are playing in the garden.他昨天带来两只猫，现在我能看到它们在花园里玩耍。(8)当主句是there be结构时，修饰其主语且主语指物的定语从句用that。there is a book on the desk that belongs to frank.桌子上的那本书是弗兰克的。6以下情况中用which不用that。(1)关系词前有逗号，即引导非限制性定语从句时。he has a walk every night，which does good to him.他每晚都散步，这对他有好处。(2)当关系代词前有介词且先行词指物时。here is the car about which i told you.这就是我向你谈到过的那辆汽车。(3)当关系代词之后有插入成分时。i have received your letter which，as i have told you，is badly needed by the press.我已收到您的来信，这封信，正如我所告诉您的，是新闻界急需的。(4)为了避免重复，一个用that，另一个则用which。let me show you the novel that i borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.让我给你看看那本刚刚从新开的图书馆借来的小说。7通常用who代表人而不用that作关系代词的情况(1)当先行词是one，ones，anyone，those或all时。anyone who does that must be mad.谁那样做都一定是疯了。all who meet her think she is a beautiful girl.所有见过她的人都认为她是一个漂亮的姑娘。(2)在there be结构中，先行词指人时。there is a young man who wants to see you.有一个年轻人想见你。(3)当先行词是表示人的名词，且后面有较长的修饰语时。i met a friend of mine in the park yesterday who had got three gold medals in the sports meeting.昨天我在公园里见到了我的一个朋友，他在运动会上获得了三块金牌。(4)当先行词是人称代词i，you，he，they等时(常用于谚语中)，只能用