高考英语一轮复习 Unit 21 Human Biology教学案 北师大版选修7.doc

unit 21 human biology.核心单词识记思考运用一、单词拼写1(2015湖北，阅读d) without gravity to help _(循环)air，the carbon dioxide you exhale has a tendency to form an invisible cloud around your head.2she is continually _(滥用)her position by getting other people to do things for her.3the _(根本的) cause of his success is his hard work.4*(2014山东，10)a company whose profits from home markets are declining may _(寻找) opportunities abroad.5in china we are carrying a nineyear _(义务的) education movement.6lacking money，they had to _(推迟) their plan.7i engaged a young woman as a _(临时的) secretary.8theyve promised a _(详尽的)inquiry into the plane crash.9*their position in international trade rapidly _(下降)10(2014湖北，24)the old rules have to be revised because they only applied to the _(情况) that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.答案1.pulsory6postpone7.temporary8.thorough9.declined10.circumstances二、用所给词的适当形式填空1(2013浙江，阅读b)and as far as your body is _(concern)，its“use it or lose it”！2from now on any _(violate) of the regulation must be cruelly punished.3tomorrow is the last date for _(submit) of entries for the competition.4hard work keeps away poverty._(tolerate) keeps away violence.5we _(prohibition)air guns and the weapons that might wound someone.6this is a modern，bright and well _ hospital，and its _ is of the first level.(equip)7several _ _ the bank of an enormous sum of money，making the largest _ of this city in the last decade.but they were soon caught by the police.(rob)8as we all know，an _ meeting is held _(annual)答案1.concerned2.violation3.submission4.thibit6equipped；equipment7.robbers robbed；robbery8.annual；annually三、开心词场it is reported that the building of the factory was postponed，because the villagers living near opposed it.they prohibited the workers from going on their work，for they couldnt tolerate the big noise.it was known to people that the factory was responsible for it.however，the factory didnt want to submit to the villagers. they were seeking good solutions to the matter.【联想积累】表示“寻找，搜寻”的词汇look for 寻找search for 搜寻seek for 寻找hunt for 搜寻，寻找由decline所想到的表示“增加”：rise，increase，go up表示“减少”：fall，drop，decrease，decline，go down词汇拓展oppose vt.反对opposite adj.相反的；反对的 n反义词opposition n反方；对立面opposed adj.相反的，对立的faith n信心faithful adj.守信的；忠实的faithfully adv.忠实地，真诚地fortune n大笔钱财；巨款 fortunate adj.幸运的fortunately adv.幸运地unfortunately adv.不幸地concern n担心，担忧concerned adj.担心的；有关的concerning prep.关于.重点短语识记思考运用一、补全短语1*straight _ 立刻，马上2stop sth _ its tracks 终止；消灭3_ any rate 无论如何；至少4_ random 随便地，随意地5_ all costs 不管多大代价答案1.away2.in3.at4.at5.at二、短语填空wipe out；rob.of；*get down to；bring up；get through；clear up；put off；miss out；focus on；in vain 1i was _ my wallet in front of the hotel.2the noise made it hard for me to _ my work.3it is raining now，but i think it will _ soon.4he will _ the marks with an eraser.5its not an easy task for you to _ a small child on your own.6i tried to make his peace with her，but _7its time i _ thinking about that essay.8they have decided to _ handing in their reports.9had the boy worked harder，he would have _ the exams.10ill just read through the form again to make sure i havent _ anything _答案1.robbed of2.focus on3.clear up4.wipe out5.bring up6.in vain7.got down to8.put off9.got through10.missed；out【联想积累】“立即，即刻”全接触immediately adv.立即，即刻instantly adv.即刻，马上at once 立即in no time 立刻，马上in a flash 即刻right now/away 立刻straight away 立刻表示“开始/着手做某事”的短语精选get down to doing sth set out to do sthset about doing sth settle down to sthstart/begin doing/to do sth.经典句式识记思考运用1it is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.(it作形式主语)获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。仿写_ a key university with such a low score.这样低的分数被重点大学录取是不可能的。2the olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.(rather than而不是)人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。 仿写as students，we should try to get good results by studying hard _作为学生，我们应当通过努力学习而非考试作弊来取得好成绩。3*having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old，the spanish flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.(sb/sth be believed to.某人或某物被认为是)西班牙流感在18个月内使多达5千万人丧命，并且发病的倾向为年轻力壮的而不是老年人，它被认为是历史上最严重的流行性传染病。仿写the book _ several foreign languages.这本书据说已被翻译成了好几种外国语言。答案1.it is impossible to be admitted to2.rather than cheating in exams3is said to have been translated into【联想积累】 “sb/sth is/was believedto be/do”用法小结(1) “sb/sth is/was believedto be/do”为固定结构，意为“人们认为(相信)，被认为是/做”，其中的不定式作主语补足语。常用于这种句型的动词有say/hope/think/report/know等。动词用被动语态，其主语为指人或物的名词，意为“据说/希望/认为/报道/众所周知”。 (2)当动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，不定式用完成式；强调动作正在进行时，不定式用进行式。 (3)sb/sth be believed/said/thought/reported.to be/do.句型可转化为people believe/say/think/report.(that)./it is believed/said/thought/reported.that.“人们相信/说/认为/报道”。.单元语法识记思考运用条件句与混合条件句用所给词的适当形式填空1if mother _(tell) me the truth when i was young，i would not make such mistakes so often now.2you could answer most of the questions now if you _(review) the lessons last night.3if you had studied hard before，you _(be) a college student now.4*i didnt hear the phone.i must _(be) asleep.5*i could _(work) out the problem，but i was too nervous.答案1.had told2.had reviewed3.would be4.have been5.have worked【联想积累】混合条件句当条件状语从句所表示的行为和主句所表示的行为发生的时间不一致时，这种虚拟条件句称为错综时间条件句。动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。if you had taken the doctors advice，you would be better now.如果你接受了医生的建议，你现在就会好多了。 单 词 点 睛1seek (sought，sought)vt.寻找，寻求；追求；探求；探索；试图 高考例句(2015重庆，阅读b)besides，businesses seek to appeal to customers senses.此外，商业公司寻求吸引顾客们的感官。seek sth from sb 向某人请求/寻求某物seek after/for sb(sth) 寻求某人(某物)seek ones fortune 寻找成功(致富)的机会seek out 找出；寻出seek to do sth 试图做某事they sought _ a handy spot where they might sit down and rest.他们找到了一个可以坐下休息而且方便的地方。he told us that he was going to beijing _ (seek)his fortune and i suggested that he should seek advice _ his teacher and shouldnt seek _ comfort，personal fame or gain.他告诉我们他要去北京碰碰运气，我建议他这件事情他应该请教他的老师，不要一味地贪图安逸，追名逐利。答案outto seek；from；after/for2oppose vt.& vi.反对；反抗 教材原句genetherapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.基因治疗有很多争议，许多人反对进一步研究。(1)oppose doing sth 反对做某事oppose sbs doing sth 反对某人做某事(2)opposed adj.相反的；对立的be opposed to (doing) sth 反对(做)某事；与(做)某事对立her wealthy parents opposed/were opposed to _(she)marrying a boy from a poor family.她那富有的父母反对她同贫寒家庭的孩子结婚。we all strongly oppose _(drive)after drinking. 我们都强烈反对酒后驾驶。答案herdriving3postpone vt.推迟；延期 教材原句i decided not to postpone studying (as i normally do！) and got up early every morning to get down to work straight away.我决定不推迟学习(就像我平常那样！)，而是每天早上早点起床立刻开始学习。postpone doing sth 延缓做某事，推迟做某事postpone sth until/to.把某事推迟到we are postponing our trip _ the weather is fine. 我们推迟旅行直到天气晴好。our school has decided to postpone _(hold)the sports meeting because of the heavy rain.我们学校已决定推迟举行运动会，因为雨太大。答案to/untilholding4prohibit vt.禁止，阻止 教材原句since the sars epidemic ended，scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.“非典”疫潮结束后，科学家们就在做医学实验以预防将来再次爆发。(1)prohibit (doing) sth 禁止(做)某事(2)禁止某人做某事(3)prohibition n. 禁止；禁令14 departments are working together _(prohibit)the hunting of wild animals in the province.14个部门正在共同努力禁止在全省猎捕野生动物。some people think that its necessary to prohibit peoples using mobile phones in some places.some people think that its necessary to prohibit people _(use) mobile phones in some places.一些人认为有必要禁止人们在一些场合使用手机。答案to prohibitfrom using【联想归纳】类似于“prohibit sb from doing sth”的表达法：阻止某人做某事protect sb from.保护某人不受伤害5decline vi.& vt.下降；衰退；谢绝 n下降；衰退 高考例句(2015天津，完形)although her description sounded wonderful，the price was beyond our range，so we declined.尽管她的描述听起来很精彩，但这所房子的价格超出了我们的承受。因此，我们拒绝了。写出下列句中decline的词性和含义i invited her to my wedding，but she declined my invitation. _the company reported a small decline in its profits. _the number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last month. _industry in britain has been in decline since 1970s. _(1)decline to do sth 婉拒做某事(2)decline in/of sth 在某方面减少/下降on the decline 走下坡路，在衰退中fall/go into (a) decline 开始衰落，陷入衰退the number of people who run the red light has been _ the decline since the new traffic regulations came into effect.自从新的交通法规实施以来，闯红灯的人数下降了。the intense competition from overseas has caused the cotton industry fall _ a decline.来自海外的激烈竞争导致国内棉花产业的衰退。答案v.谢绝n.下降v.下降n.衰退oninto6equip vt.使有准备；配备；装备 牛津例句the boys equipped themselves with torches and rope，and set off.男孩们带上火把和绳索出发了。(1)equip.with.用装备equip.for sth/to do sth 为了而装备be equipped for/to do sth 为装备好；做好准备(2)equipment un.设备，设施(2013辽宁，阅读d)now it means a small piece of _(equip) that people use for listening secretly to others conversations.现在它意味着它是人们用来偷听他人的谈话秘密的一小件设备。your education will equip you _ your future life. 你所受的教育将使你能适应今后的生活。答案equipmentfor7submit vt.提交；递交vi.& vt.服从，屈服 教材原句 you were supposed to submit it on the 14th june.你本应该在6月14日提交它(文章)。submit.to.把提交给；向提出submit sb/oneself to 使某人/自己甘受，服从submit to 服从于，屈服于they had to submit _(they)to his judgement. 他们不得不服从他的判决。he submitted _ the headmasters order finally that all teachers _(submit)that report to the headmaster.他最终服从了校长的命令所有的老师都应将那份报告呈交给校长。答案themselvesto；should submit【名师指津】在submit.to.短语中，submit是及物动词，意为“呈交，提交”；而在submit to 短语中，submit是不及物动词，意为“服从，屈服”。短 语 点 拨1at all costs 不惜代价地，无论如何教材原句the olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。(1)at the cost/expense of.丧失，牺牲；以为代价at a cost of.以的费用/价格at any cost 以任何代价(2)cost sb sth 花某人，使某人付出/丧失we are determined to obtain our rights at _cost.我们决定要不惜一切代价获取我们的权利。 the hero saved the boys life out of the burning library at _ cost of his own life，which was put up at _ cost of one million dollars last year.英雄牺牲了自己的生命从燃烧着的去年耗资100万美元建起来的图书馆里救出了那个男孩。答案anythe；a2wipe out彻底毁灭；全部摧毁教材原句epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas.流行病可以毁灭居住在城市的多达一半的人口。wipe away 擦掉，清除掉 wipe sth off/from.从上擦去某物wipe down/up 彻底揩/擦干净i hastily wiped _ the milk i had spilled.我连忙把洒出来的牛奶擦干净。your arms are my castle; your heart is my sky.they wipe _ tears that i cry.你的手臂就是我的城堡，你的心就是我的天空。他们擦去我哭泣的眼泪。答案upaway句 式 透 析1教材原句it is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。(1)it is compulsory for.为“it isadj./n.for sb to do.”结构，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语。此结构中for前面的形容词是指事物怎么样，如impossible，important等。its important _ you to arrive there on time.重要的是你们能准时到达那儿。(2)it isadj.of sb to do.中of前面的形容词是指人的性质或特征，如nice，kind等。it is careless _ kate to lose so many things.凯特丢了这么多东西，真是太粗心了。答案forof2教材原句the olympic spiritthe spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winninghas been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。(1)rather than为并列连词，意为“而不是，与其不如”，这一表达方式通常用在平行结构中，连接相同的句子成分，即rather than前后两部分在成分和形式上应当一致。if you are one of them，i would say the only way to change things is by doing rather than _(complain)如果你是他们中的一员，我想说改变事情的唯一方式是做，而不是抱怨。(2)常用句型 she preferred _(stay)at home rather than _ (go)shopping with him.她宁愿待在家里，而不愿与他去购物。(3)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的词在人称和数上保持一致。mary，rather than you，_ (blame) for not finishing the work on time.是玛丽而不是你应为没有按时完成工作而受责备。答案complainingto stay；gois to blame .单句语法填空1nobody can tolerate _(cheat)，and thats why he has no friend.2_(equip) with new scientific farming methods，they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.3it was an unpopular decision to postpone _(build) the new school.4i am very much opposed to _(permit) him to go alone.5it is my finances that prohibit my _(go) to college.6_ is necessary for us to examine the papers before handing them in.7you rather than anyone else _ (be) to blame for the mistake.8he is said _(study) in the us now.9if you had studied hard before，you _(be) a college student now.10its clever _ you _ (work)out the math problem in such a short time.答案1.being cheated2.equipped3.building 4permitting5.going6.it7.are8.to be studying 9would be10.of；to work .单句改错1mary，rather than you，are responsible for the work._ 2strangely，mr.green，also opposes to the new policy，made no remark in the discussion._ 3they are urgently seeking out the post where they are well paid._ 4i like reading books rather than watch tv._ 5it is nice for you to give us so much help._ 6she saved him from drowning，but only at the cost of her own life._ 7thankfully，this is a disease that is now in the decline._ 8the law prohibits tobacconists selling cigarettes to children._ 答案1.areis2.opposesopposed3.outafter/for4.watchwatching5.forof6.drowningbeing drowned7.inon8.selling前加from.完成句子1li na _(被认为是)one of the best players of china.2the sweater she bought was beautiful _(而不是) cheap.3if there hadnt been the war，people _(会生活得更好) then.4_(他很自私) not to do anything for the orphans.5it is not good for young ladies to keep slim _(以牺牲她们的健康为代价)答案1.is considered to be2.rather than3.would have lived a better life4.it is selfish of him5.at the cost of their health.单元考点作文串记一、根据提示翻译句子1据说昨日三名强盗抢劫了一家银行的一笔巨款。(it be said that.，rob.of.)_2警方迅速封锁(block)主要道路，并禁止可疑车辆通行。(prohibit.from.)_3对这样的犯罪行为，警方必须不惜任何代价清除。(wipe out ，at all costs)_4目前，他们正在搜寻有关信息。(seek)_答案1.it was said that three robbers had robbed a bank of a large fortune yesterday.2the police immediately blocked the main roads and prohibited the suspect cars from passing.3the police must wipe out them at all costs as for such crimes.4at present，the police are seeking the information.二、加入适当过渡词，连句成篇【参考范文】it was said that three robbers had robbed a bank of a large fortune yesterday.therefore ，the police immediately blocked the main roads and prohibited the suspect cars from passing.the police must wipe out them at all costs as for such crimes.at present，the police are seeking the information.基础训练.用适当的介词或副词填空1a volcanic eruption nearly wiped _ the small island of montserrat in 1997.2i have asked that his proposal be submitted _ a special committee.3i fear that a prior engagement will prohibit me _ joining you in dinner.4all classes in the school are equipped _ modern equipment.5you should seek advice _ your lawyer on this matter.6i am opposed _ going shopping with others.7some students have not yet submitted their essays _ their tutors.8pop music is now _ decline，while country music catches on.答案1.out2.to3.from4.with5.from6.to 7to8.in.完成句子9they tried their best to make her happy but _ (徒劳)10the librarian took a book _(随便地) from the shelf.11. one failure after another _(彻底毁灭) his ambition for fame.12nowadays _(对我们学生来说很重要) to master a foreign language.13if you had stayed calm yesterday，everything _(会很顺利的)答案9.in vain10.at random11.wiped out12.it is important for us students13.would have gone smoothly.根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 life comes in a package.this package includes happiness and sorrow，failure and success，hope and despair.life is a learning process._14_ with each passing day we learn to handle various situations.1lovelove plays a key role on our life._15_ in the early stage of our life，our parents are the ones who shower us with unconditional love and care，they teach us about what is right and wrong，good and bad.but we always tend to take this for granted.it is only after marriage and having