【步步高】高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Challenging Yourself Ⅰ同步导学 重大版选修6(1).docVIP

【步步高】2015届高考英语一轮复习 unit 1 challenging yourself 同步导学 重大版选修6.重点单词识记1condemn /kndem/ vt.定(某人)罪，判(某人)罪；责备，谴责2qualified /kwlifaid/ adj.有资格的，胜任的；有限制的，有条件的3genius /dinis/ n天才，天赋；天才人物4preserve /prizv/ vt.保护；维护5consequence /knsikwns/ n结果6shaky /eiki/ adj.不稳固的，不结实的7innocent /insnt/ adj.无恶意的；无罪的8source /ss/ n来源；发源地；原始资料9effective /ifektiv/ adj.有效(力)的；显眼的；生效的effect n作用，效果10inconvenience /inknvinins/ n不方便，不自由；麻烦的事convenience n方便，便利convenient adj.方便的inconvenient adj.不方便的11extinct /ikstikt/ adj.已绝种的，已灭绝的extinction n消灭；灭绝；废除12biological /baildikl/ adj.生物(学)的biology n生物(总称)；生物学biologist n生物学者，生物学家13negative /netiv/ adj.消极的 positive adj.积极的14undesirable /ndizairbl/ adj.不合意的；不需要的 desire vt./n.渴望desirable adj.令人满意的；合意的；值得要的15thoroughly /rli/ adv.彻底地；完全地thorough adj.彻底的；完全的16inspection /inspekn/ n检查；视察 inspect vt.检查；视察17replacement /ripleismnt/ n回归原位；代替；更换 replace vt.代替，取代；更换，调换18shortage /tid/ n不足；缺少short adj.缺少的；短的；矮的19presidential /prezidenl/ adj.总统的；校长的；统辖的president n总统；主席；(大学)校长20consumption /knsmpn/ n消费(量)；消耗(量)consume vt.消耗；吃consumer n消费者；顾客.重点短语识记1shut.up将(房子等)的所有门窗都关上2complain about/of抱怨；发牢骚3get into介入4warm.up使变暖5blame.on.谴责；把归咎于6by accident偶然7throw away 扔掉； 丢弃8pay off取得成功；还清9take action采取行动；行动起来 10deal with处理；对付11on a small scale小规模地12be aware of意识到.经典原句默写与背诵1they were believed to have been brought in accidentally in shipments of plants from puerto rico or florida.大家认为，这种蛙在偶然的情况下随着运送植物的船从波多黎各或弗罗里达来到了夏威夷。2they have quickly spread around the hawaiian islands，hidden in plants.它们隐藏在植物中很快朝夏威夷群岛扩散。3it says they may have a difficult time surviving under different conditions.这个报告指出它们在不同的环境中或许会很难生存。4and we cannot even use all of that，because some of it is in the form of icebergs and glaciers.我们甚至不能使用它们的全部，因为有些淡水是以冰山或者冰川的形式存在的。5only if we take steps to deal with this problem now can we avoid a severe worldwide water shortage later on.只有我们现在采取措施解决这个问题，我们才能避免以后严重的世界性的水资源短缺。1they may only have a limited amount of time to get their points across.(limit)2i find it convenient to do my banking by phone.(convenience)3the species is currently in danger of extinction.(extinct)4he had completed his inspection of the doors.(inspect)5training makes workers highly productive.(product)6he had originally publicly rejected such a proposal，but he accepted it later.(origin)7this is a separate bin for recyclable waste products.(recycle)8you will never be short of talents helping you if you are kind to them.(shortage)9she sat in her room feeling thoroughly miserable.(thorough)10children lose their innocence as they grow older.(innocent)1 associate.with.联系和be associated with和有关系/有联系association n社团；协会；联系；联想；交往；联合in association with与有联系/交往i havent been associated with the project over the last year.我去年一直没有参与这个项目。the association between the two companies stretches back thirty years.这两家公司的往来可以追溯到30年前。夯实基础用associate的适当形式填空(1)he has a full shelf of things，each of which has associations with him.(2)these symptoms are particularly associated with headaches.2 warn sb.(not) to do sth.警告某人(不要)做某事warn sb.of/about sth.提醒/警告某人注意某事warn sb.against (doing) sth.警告某人不要做某事warn sb.that.警告某人warning n警告；警示she warned me about the dangerous road，so i crossed it carefully.她提醒我这条马路很危险，因此我过马路时小心翼翼。the whistle warned visitors that the ship was ready to sail.汽笛通知旅客船即将起航。夯实基础(1)there are some dangerous fishes in this river，and ive warned jack not to swim(警告jack不要游泳) here.(2)同义句改写the doctor warned the patient not to smoke.(用warn.against改写句子)the doctor warned the patient against smoking.3 consume away消耗掉；憔悴be consumed with因而变得憔悴consumption n消耗；消耗量；消费consumer n消费者timeconsuming adj.耗费时间的patients are advised to cut down on their consumption of alcohol.病人被建议减少酒的饮用量。夯实基础用consume的适当形式填空(1)now china consumes the largest amount of iron in the world.(2)the poor lady was consumed with sorrow.(3)gas and oil consumption always increases in cold weather.(4)the consumers want to get more information about this kind of food.单项填空1he refused to sell the old house，for it had too many pleasant with his childhood.aassociations bcommunicationsccontacts dcombinations答案a解析have associations with和有联系。2the judge condemned the criminal all his life in prison.ato spend bspendingcto spending dspent答案a解析句意为：法官宣判罪犯终生监禁。condemn sb.to sth./to do sth.宣判。3a large part of human activity，particularly in relation to the environment，is conditions or events.ain response to bin favour ofcin contrast to din excess of答案a解析句意为：大部分人类活动，特别是与周围环境有关的活动，是对各种情况或事件的反应。in response to对作出反应，符合题意。4while our city tries impatiently to change its appearance by tearing down old buildings，more and more citizens are suggesting ways to the historically important architecture.adecorate bdevelopcpreserve dadvocate答案c解析preserve保护，符合句意。5the rain was heavy，and the land was flooded.aconsequently bhowevercwhatever dbut答案a解析句意为：雨很大，结果这块土地被淹了。6i her not to walk on the thin ice but she wouldnt listen.asuggested bhopedcwarned dpersuaded答案c解析a、b两项后不能接sb.to do sth.结构；persuade表示“说服”，不符合句意；只有c项符合句意。7in britain people four million tons of potatoes every year.aswallow bdisposecconsume dexhaust答案c解析句意为：在英国，人们每年消耗4百万吨土豆。swallow吞，咽；dispose处理，处置；consume消耗；exhaust用尽，耗尽。根据句意，选c项。8the three sisters decided to hold a family party to their mothers birthday.amemorize bcongratulatecwelcome dcelebrate答案d解析句意为：三姐妹决定举办一个家庭聚会来庆祝她们妈妈的生日。celebrate庆祝，符合句意。memorize记忆，记住；congratulate祝贺；welcome欢迎。.汉译英1结果北极熊的数量变得越来越少。(consequence)(2011重庆书面表达)as a consequence，the number of polar bears is becoming smaller and smaller.2马克被迫承担大部分工作。(condemn)mark was condemned to do most of the work.1he got into trouble with the police while he was still at school.2the children always make themselves in danger.i always have my heart in my mouth with them.3why do you always act like this?4it is as hard to persuade men to get rid of smoking as it is to keep women from going shopping.5i think the problem should be dealt with quickly.6the creative practice in ones life is great even though it can only make the objective world advance a little.1 get into陷入，介入；养成，染上(某种习惯)(develop a habit of.)；开始(某事)(start sth.)；参与(become involved inget into trouble陷入麻烦get into the habit of养成的习惯get into debt欠债get in，口理解，明白；猜中youve got me.口你赢了。(作回答)不知道。he was eager to get into politics.他渴望进入政界。who will i call if i get into trouble?如果陷入麻烦，我可以向谁寻求帮助？夯实基础(1)he has got into the habit of(染上的习惯) smoking.(2)be quiet unless you want to get into trouble(惹麻烦)(3)never get into debt(欠债) if you can avoid it.2 by chance偶然；意外by no means绝不by mistake由于差错by design故意地by means of凭借；通过by the hour按小时by weight按重量and they came across it by accident.他们也是偶然才发现这一点的。夯实基础用含有by的短语填空(1)this doesnt happen by accident；it happens by design.(2)he succeeded by means of perseverance.(3)by no means will this method produce satisfactory results.(4)by ignorance we mistake，and by mistakes we learn.3 cover v盖，覆盖；包括，涉及；报道；足以支付；行走(一段路程)；占(一片面积)；n.覆盖物，掩避物；躲避处，避难所from cover to cover从头到尾all the furniture was covered with dust.所有家具都落满了灰尘。we needed to cover another 30 miles before it got dark.天黑以前我们需要再走30英里。夯实基础写出下列句子中cover的汉语意义(1)her lectures covered the subject thoroughly.涉及(2)the exhibition covers an area of 1,000 square metres.占(面积)(3)those figures might not even cover the cost of breakages.足以支付(4)it would not be easy to cover ten miles on that amount of petrol.行走(一段路程)(5)much of the country is covered by forest.覆盖 4 deal with处理；对付(handle)；安排；涉及，论及(be about)；和(某人)做生意(trade with)；解决do with处理；对付deal in经营；交易its a deal！成交！就这么定了！a great deal of许多；大量his job is to deal with complaints.他的工作是处理各种投诉。特别提醒deal with常与疑问词how连用；do with常与what连用。夯实基础用deal with的适当形式填空(1)this book deals with an important subject.(2)its a book dealing with life in the united states.单项填空1i hope he will soon his disappointment and be cheerful again.aget over bget away withcget through dget into答案a解析get over克服，符合句意。2the patient was of losing his life and had to be operated on at once.ain danger bin the dangercout of the danger dout of danger答案a解析b、c两项搭配不当，danger前不需加定冠词the。根据句意“必须做手术”可排除d项。3who discovered lasers，do you know? .ayoure right byouve got mecgot it dgo ahead答案b解析句意为：你知道谁发现了激光吗？你把我问住了。4word came that the young businessman got close to in the train accident.akill bbe killedckilling dbeing killed答案d解析close to中to为介词，后跟v.ing形式，且kill和the businessman之间为被动关系，故答案为d。5have you seen my notebook?oh，jane must have taken it ；she has the same one as yours.aon purpose bby chancecby accident dby mistake答案d解析第二句句意为：简一定是误拿了，她的笔记本和你的一样。by mistake错误地，符合句意。6he demanded that quick action should be before things got even worse.amade bheldctaken dcarried答案c解析考查take action“采取行动”的被动式。.汉译英1作为回应，母亲蹲下表示她的幸福和感激。(in response)(2011江苏书面表达)in response，the mom kneels down to show how happy and thankful she feels.2它教会我们要耐心以及怎样和不同的人打交道。(respond to)(2011湖北短文写作)it teaches us to be patient and how to respond to different people.用所给词的适当形式填空(1)when i arrived there，bob had already gone(already，go) home.(2)the prisoner was released after he had been(be) in prison for three years.(3)it was the first time he had visited(visit) a night club.(4)ann is very tired，because she has been working(work) for a week.(5)how long have you been smoking(smoke)?(6)george hasnt been feeling(not feel) very well recently.(7)im tired because i have been painting(paint) the living room all day.(8)although i have been doing(do) my homework all this week，i still havent finished it.the coqui frog population has been increasing in hawaii since 1988，but just recently exploded.自1988年开始考齐蛙在夏威夷的数量一直在增加，但只是在最近数量才暴增。have been increasing是现在完成进行时，表示从过去开始一直延续到现在，或将继续延续至将来。we have been working on this project for over a month now.到目前为止，我们一直在处理这个项目，已经花了一个多月的时间了。i have been working in an advertisement company in the last two years.在过去两年里，我一直在一家广告公司工作。特别提醒现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：(1)现在完成时强调的是某个刚刚完成的动作或某个动作对现在的影响或产生的结果，也可表示动作的延续性；现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续性。i have thought it over.我已经考虑过这件事了。i have been thinking it over.我一直在考虑这件事。(2)现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，现在完成时一般不表示动作的重复。have you been meeting him recently？(经常见到他吗？)have you met him recently？(最近见过他吗？)(3)现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般表示平铺直叙，但有时也会带有感情色彩。what have you been doing？(表示惊异)what have you done？(仅是一个问题，让对方回答，有时也可表示惊异)夯实基础翻译句子(1)我已经等你很长时间了。i have been waiting for you for a long time.(2)我累了，整个上午我都在打扫房间。i am tired.i have been cleaning the house the whole morning.2 the frogs do not have any natural enemies in hawaii to reduce their population size.在夏威夷这些蛙没有能减少它们数量的任何天敌。(1)动词不定式可以用来修饰人和物，一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，即作后置定语。(2)当被修饰成分前有序数词或最高级或有the only，the very修饰时，常用不定式作定语。(3)to come将来的；to spare剩余的。这两个短语常放在时间名词后面作后置定语。(4)修饰某些抽象名词的不定式，有时可转换为介词短语。he is always the first to answer questions.他总是第一个回答问题。i caught the train with only a few seconds to spare.我在离开车只剩数秒时赶上了火车。夯实基础用所给动词的适当形式填空(1)the captain is the last to leave(leave) the ship.(2)the ability to express(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.(3)volunteering gives you a chance to change(change) lives，including your own.3 it says they may have a difficult time surviving under different conditions.报告说它们在不同的环境中或许会很难生存。have a difficult/hard time (in) doing sth.做某事有困难have difficulty/trouble with sth.有困难/麻烦have difficulty/trouble (in) doing.做有困难/麻烦there is some/no difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事时有一些/没有困难/麻烦do sth.with/without difficulty/trouble做某事有/没有困难/麻烦take trouble to do.费力做take the trouble to do sth.不怕费事/不辞辛劳地做某事i have some trouble with the work.我做这项工作有些麻烦。can you imagine the trouble i had in settling the problem?你能想像出解决这个问题时我遇到的困难吗？夯实基础 同义句改写i had no trouble finding your home.(1)i found your home without trouble.(用without短语改写句子)(2)there was no trouble in finding your home.(用there be句型改写句子).单项填空1thank you for all the trouble youve my daughter.ahad to help btaken to helpcgot to help dput to help答案b解析take the trouble to do sth.不辞辛劳地做某事，为固定短语。句意为：感谢你不辞劳苦地帮助我女儿。2 the police thought he was the most likely one，since they had no exact proof about it，they could not arrest him.aalthough bas long ascif only das soon as答案a解析句意为：尽管警察认为他最有可能是罪犯，但因为没有确切的证据，他们也不能逮捕他。表示让步用although。as long as只要，表条件；if only要是就好了，表条件；as soon as一就，表时间。3im sorry，but i dont quite follow you.did you say you wanted to return on september 20?sorry，i myself clear.we want to return on october 20.ahadnt made bwouldnt makecdont make dhavent made答案d解析根据题干内容可知，答话者是说自己没有把话说清楚从而导致“对方误解”，即这一动作对现在造成了影响，所以用现在完成时。4you cant imagine what difficulty we had home in the snowstorm.awalked bwalkcto walk dwalking答案d解析题中含有一个固定短语，即：have difficulty (in) doing.做某事有困难。.汉译英1她在学校表现很好，但是我的一些朋友不断地告诉我，说我给她的压力太大。(have been doing.)(2011陕西书面表达)she has been doing very well in school，but some friends of mine keep telling me that i put too much pressure on her.2多年的学校生活教会我许多东西，对我来说，合作是最重要的。(of which)(2011湖北短文写作)years of school life has taught me a lot of things，of which teamwork is the most important for me.1the girl has a great interest in sport and badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.(2013福建，26)atook bis takingctakes dhas been taking答案d解析句意为：这个女孩对运动非常感兴趣，在过去的三年中她每周上两次羽毛球课。由句中的时间状语“over the last three years”可知动作在过去的三年中一直发生，并且有可能还会持续下去，所以用现在完成进行时。2the town is so beautiful！i just love it.me too.the character of the town is well .(2013江苏，23)aqualified bpreservedcdecorated dsimplified答案b解析句意为：这座城镇太美了，我实在是喜欢它。我也是。它的特色保存得很完好。be qualified合格的，有资格的；be well preserved保存完好的；be well decorated装饰得很漂亮的；be simplified被简化的。3ive the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.(2012江西，24)acome into bgone intocgot into drun into答案c解析句意为：我养成了在放学回家的路上去祖父母家的习惯。be in/fall into/get into the habit of doing sth.有/养成做某事的习惯，根据句意知c项正确。4in order to find the missing child，villagers all they can over the past five hours.(2012安徽，26)adid bdochad done dhave been doing答案d解析句意为：为了找到丢失的孩子，在过去的5个小时里，村民们做了他们所能做的一切。over the past five hours通常与完成时连用，可排除a、b两项。再结合can为现在时，可知在过去到现在的这段时间里村民们一直在寻找，并有可能继续找下去，因此，符合现在完成进行时的使用条件。故选d项。5in the last few years thousands of films all over the world.(2011天津，3)ahave produced bhave been producedcare producing dare being produced答案b解析句意为：在过去的几年里，全世界拍摄了成千上万部电影。根据时间状语in the last few years可确定时态为现在完成时，然后根据films与produce的关系可确定使用被动语态。故空格处应为现在完成时的被动语态。6the news shocked the public， to great concern about students safety at school.(2010重庆，30)ahaving led bledcleading dto lead答案c解析句意为：这个消息震惊了社会，引起了公众对在校学生安全的极大担忧。此处为非谓语动词作结果状语。主语与lead是主动关系，故排除过去分词led；而having led表示动作发生在shocked之前，不合逻辑，故排除；不定式to lead表示出乎意料的结果，而现在分词表示自然的结果，故选leading。7im tired out.i all afternoon and i dont seem to have finished anything.(2010湖南，34)ashopped bhave shoppedchad shopped dhave been shopping答案d解析句意为：我筋疲力尽了。我整个下午都在购物，但好像我什么也没买到。根据时间状语可知，此处应用现在完成进行时态，表示“购物”这一动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在而没有终止。8you may use the room as you like you clean it up afterwards.(2009北京，22)aso far as bso long ascin case deven if答案b解析句意为：你尽可随意使用这个房间，只要你过后打扫干净即可。so far as远到；就而言；so long as只要；in case以防(万一)；even if即使。9do you have enough to all your daily expenses?oh yes，enough and to spare.(2009山东，26)acover bspendcfill doffer答案a解析cover在此处意为“支付；够之用”。问句句意为：你有足够的钱来支付日常开销吗？.单项填空1some college students are seen doing they can find to support themselves.athat bwhichcwhatever dno matter what答案c解析此处whateveranything that，相当于一个定语从句。2 wont be long spring festival comes.athere；since bthis；agocit；before dthat；after答案c解析it wont be long before.过不了多久就。3.the editors job is to keep the newspaper and to the readers.abalanced；interestedbbalancing；interestingcbalanced；interestingdbalancing；interested答案c解析balanced 在此是过去分词作宾补，意为“平衡的”；interesting 作形容词修饰物，interested 修饰人。 4the river， the banks are covered with trees，is very long.awhose bwhichcof which dwhich of答案c解析名词或代词关系代词whom/which可以引导非限定性定语从句。表示部分与整体的关系，作用相当于whose名词，of which the banksthe banks of which whose banks。 5he said it was impossible to buy the novel which was worth reading.avery; very bvery；quitecmuch；much dquite；well答案d解析impossible，right，wrong等无等级形容词只能用quite/completely修饰。6reading the li