【步步高】高考英语 Module 13 同步导学 外研版选修8(1).doc

【步步高】2015届高中英语 module 1-3 同步导学 外研版选修8重点单词1.privilege /privlid/ n荣幸；特权2.befriend /bifrend/ v对待如朋友3passion /pn/ n激情，热爱 4.casually /kuli/ adv.随意地5compliment /kmplimnt/ n赞美 6.trend /trend/ n趋势，趋向7gifted /iftid/ adj.有天赋的 8.consequence /knsikwns/ n后果9depth /dep/ n深度deep adj.深的deepen v加深；使变深10promote /prmt/ v促进，增进promotion n促进；促销11abnormal /bnml/ adj.不正常的，反常的normal adj.(反义词)正常的12absence /bsns/ n缺乏；没有；缺席absent adj.缺席的13reliability /rilaibilti/ n可靠性reliable adj.可靠的rely v依赖；依靠14disturbing /distbi/ adj.令人不安的；引起烦恼的disturb vt.打扰15effect /ifekt/ n效果，作用effective adj.有效的16inspire /inspai/ v鼓舞，激励inspiration n灵感；启示inspiring adj.有灵感的；激励人心的inspired adj.激励的，鼓励的17discourage /diskrid/ v阻止；打消的念头encourage v鼓励，激励courage n勇气，胆量18manner /mn/ n方式；方法manners n行为；礼貌19abundant /bndnt/ adj.丰富的；充裕的abundance n丰富；充裕20consume /knsjum/ v(正式)吃，喝consumer n消费者21tiresome /taism/ adj.烦人的，令人讨厌的tire v(使)疲倦；(使)厌烦22pure /pj/ adj.干净的；不含有害物质的；纯粹的；纯洁的purely adv.完全地；纯粹地purify v清洗；净化23suspect /sspekt/ n(犯罪)嫌疑人；可疑分子；v.猜疑，怀疑suspicious adj.多疑的；认为可疑的24depressing /dipresi/ adj.令人沮丧的；令人抑郁的depressed adj.沮丧的depression n沮丧25unrecognisable /nreknaizbl/ adj.无法辨认的recognisable adj.(反义词)可辨认的，可识别的重点短语1.set foot on进入，到达2.in case of如果；假使3depend on依靠，依赖；取决于(条件、情况) 4.leave for出发去某地5up to到(某个数量) 6.lead to导致；通向，通往7take up从事，开始做(某项工作) 8.no wonder难怪9end up结束 10.keep ones promise信守诺言11stand out引人注目，突出 12.leave sth.behind把抛在后面13on behalf of代表 14.at liberty获得自由的15make out看出；理解；看清 16.go against违反，违背17set fire to放火烧经典句型1.a high mountain range，the transantarctic range，runs from east to west，cutting the continent in two.一条横贯南极洲的山脉，从东到西将南极洲分为两半。2not until the late 18th century did the british explorer james cook cross the antarctic circle，but he never saw land.直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。3painters discovered how to use perspective and the effects of light.画家们发现了怎么样来利用透视以及光的作用经典句型4.but as the ideas of the renaissance developed，so did the demand for the greek and latin classics，which had been largely ignored for up to 2,000 years.但随着文艺复兴观念的发展，人们对希腊和拉丁经典作品的需求也增加了，而这些经典已经被忽视达两千年了。5 the first time i saw a threeyearold kid cheerfully chewing a chickens head i had bad dreams for weeks.我第一次看到一个三岁的孩子欢快地嚼着一个鸡头后，连续几周都做噩梦。语境记忆he befriended every stranger he met and he was very modest about his achievements.he was seldom absent from work and he worked hard，so he was soon promoted.it encouraged us greatly that he showed remarkable courage when dealing with an emergency.he was a constant inspiration to us.构词记忆generous /denrs/ adj.宽宏大量的；慷慨的；大方的；丰富的；丰盛的humorous /hjumrs/ adj.幽默的；诙谐的mountainous /mantins/ adj.多山的；如山的；巨大的mysterious /mistiris/ adj.神秘的；奇怪的；不易解释的1courage plays an important part in overcoming difficulties，so teachers should try to encourage students rather than discourage them whenever theyre in trouble.(discourage)2they thought his behaviour was normal though they believed it was abnormal to feel nervous before an exam.(abnormal)3the disease affected many old people.as the medicine didnt have any effect，nobody knew what was an effective cure.(effect)4. swimming helps to get the blood circulating through the muscles and the circulation problem can cause heart diseases.(circulate)5he spoke with considerable passion about the importance of art and literature.6i reckon that im going to get that job.7every time after a long absence(缺席) from school，i feel really stupid because i am a bit behind others.8it was a privilege(殊荣) for me to cover this moving match.9the food was good and we loved the music.altogether(总的说来) it was a great evening.10. his illness is the consequence(结果；后果) of overwork.1promote.as.把提升为/推广为promote sb.from sth.to sth.把某人从某职位提升到某职位be promoted to.被升为promotion n.提升，晋级；促销产品get/win/be given a promotion获得晋级milk promotes health.牛奶可增进健康。i was promoted to editor and then editorial director.我先是被提升为编辑，然后又晋升为编务总监。夯实基础(1)用promote的适当形式填空i hear theyve promoted tom，but he didnt mention having been promoted when we talked on the phone.the new job is a promotion for him.she worked hard and was soon promoted from a saleswoman to a manager.it appears to reduce pressure and promote a sense of wellbeing.(2)my brother has been promoted to general manager(已经被提升为总经理) because of his excellent work in the company.2discourage sb.from doing sth.劝阻某人不要做某事discouragement n.u气馁，沮丧discouraged adj.泄气的，沮丧的discouraging adj.令人泄气的，使人沮丧的dont let one failure discourage you.try again.不要因为一次失败就气馁，再试试看。he is easily discouraged by difficulties.他遇到困难就容易泄气。夯实基础(1)用discourage的适当形式填空if you meet with any difficulty in your study，dont be discouraged.the examination result is discouraging.lets start a campaign to discourage smoking among the teenagers!(2)as parents，you should，whether successful or not，discourage your children from cheating(劝阻你的孩子不要作弊)3 seek vt.& vi.寻找(look for)；探索；寻求(try to obtain)seek after/for企图获得；追求；寻找seek to do sth.试图(设法)做某事seek out寻求；搜寻出they sought in vain for somewhere to shelter.他们怎么也找不到一个藏身的地方。we shouldnt seek after comfort，personal fame or gain.我们不应该贪图安逸，追名逐利。夯实基础语法填空(1)they are urgently seeking for the post where they are well paid.(2)the couple have sought help from their marriage gobetweens.(3)corbett resolved to seek out the truth.(4)more and more countries are trying to seek closer trade ties with china.4a substitute for.的代替者substitute a for bsubstitute b with/by a 用a代替bsubstitute for代替；取代she is seeking a substitute for the very man whose departure made her cry.那个男人的离去令她伤心痛哭，她正想找一个人填补内心的空缺。they were substituting violence for dialogue.他们在用暴力取代对话。夯实基础(1)he substituted for the teacher(代替那位老师) who was in hospital.(2)its very wise of you to substitute welltrained workers for untrained ones(用训练有素的工人取代没受过训练的工人) in the assembly line.5 blame v.把归咎于，责怪，指责(say or think sb. is responsible for)；n.过失；责任(responsibility)；责备，指责blame sb.for.因而指责某人；把归咎于某人blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人be to blame (for sth.)应承担责任；该受责备(主动形式表被动意义)accept/bear/take the blame for.对负责；为承担责任put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把某事的责任推到某人身上everybody knows that he is supposed to be to blame for this.人人皆知他应该为此受到责备。the president put the blame completely on his opponent.总统把责任完全推给了他的对手。夯实基础(1)it is obvious that you are to blame for the accident(这起事故你应承担责任)(2)you shouldnt have put the blame(不应该怪罪) for it on him yesterday.6inspire sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事inspire sb.with.inspire sth.in sb.激起(唤起)(某人的)(感情、思想等)inspiring adj.振奋人心的，令人鼓舞的inspired adj.获得灵感的，受到启示的inspiration n.灵感but my english teacher inspired me and made me come to realize that i should learn english well.但是英语老师鼓励我，使我意识到应该学好英语。(2012广东读写任务)夯实基础(1)用inspire的适当形式填空she had a sudden inspiration.she was one of the most inspiring people ive ever met.i was inspired to work harder than ever before.(2)all of the students were inspired by the inspiring speech(被那令人鼓舞的演讲所鼓舞) given by the headmaster. 7 owe v.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归因于；归功于owe sb.sth.owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物；把归功于owe it to sb.to do sth.(为了感谢某人)应该做，有义务做owe for欠钱owing to由于i owe the garage $20 for the new tyre.因那个新轮胎我欠汽车修理厂20美元。he owes a great deal to his publishers.他对他的出版商感激涕零。夯实基础(1)he helped you a lot.you owe it to him to invite him to dinner(该请他吃顿饭)(2)owing to the rain(由于下雨)，the match was cancelled.(3)he is a successful businessman；he owes his success more to luck than to ability(把他的成功更多地归功于运气而不是能力)8sense of taste味觉have a taste for喜欢taste of有的味道to ones taste合某人的口味these biscuits dont taste of ginger.这些饼干没有生姜味。she doesnt have a very strong sense of taste.她的味觉不太灵敏。特别提醒(1)表示“尝起来有味道”时，是连系动词，此时不用于进行时态，后接形容词作表语时形容词前不能加to be；作“品尝”讲时，是及物动词，后直接接宾语。(2)表示“有味道”时，其后可直接跟形容词；若跟名词或代词，则应先接介词of。夯实基础these oranges taste good(尝起来很好)9o.把变成transform.from.从转变成/转化成o.把变成your metabolic rate is the speed at which your body transforms food into energy.新陈代谢率是身体把食物转化为能量的速度。a cheap table can be transformed by an interesting cover.一块趣味盎然的桌布就能使一张廉价桌子面目一新。特别提醒transform指在根本上改变人或物的外表、形态或性质。夯实基础(1)语法填空in only 20 years the country has been transformed into an advanced industrial power.she was transformed from a commonlooking adolescent into a pretty young woman.(2)it is high time that the old educational systems were transformed(改变)1she stands out in the crowd，for she is two meters in height.2no wonder youre tired，youve been walking for hours.3i must，on behalf of my company，thank you again for your generous help.4in china，people enjoy freedom of speech.so youre at liberty to say what you like.5i could barely make out the stage in the darkness.1in case以防(万一)in most cases在大多数情况下；在大多数场合下in any case无论如何，总之in no case决不(置于句首，引起倒装)as is often the case这是常有的事as the case may be视情况而定，看状况as the case stands现阶段下，以目前的情况看it may rain；youd better take an umbrella in case.可能会下雨，你最好带把伞，以防万一。in no case should you give up.你决不应该放弃。 特别提醒(1)in case可单独使用，也可后接句子，跟句子时，从句中可用虚拟语气(should)do。(2)当case作先行词且定语从句中不缺少主干成分时，要用where引导定语从句。夯实基础(1)as is often the case with him(对他来说这是常有的事)，he was late for class.(2)keep the windows closed in case it rains/(should) rain(以防下雨)(3)in no case have i noticed that(注意到那件事)(4)there are some cases where this rule does not work well(这条规则不起作用)2im calling on behalf of mr.black.我是代布莱克先生打电话来的。i apologize in behalf of the hotel.为了旅馆的利益我道歉。夯实基础dont make a conclusion so quickly.youd better hear me out.i am not speaking for myself，but on behalf of all my colleagues(而是代表我的全体同事)3be up to (doing) sth.胜任(做)某事；正在忙于(做)某事be up to sb.由某人决定be up to sb.to do sth.由某人决定做某事up to now到目前为止(常与现在完成时连用do you want to stay or go？its up to you.你要留下还是要走呢？由你决定。you can play up to 30 games at one time.你可以一次玩多达30个游戏。夯实基础(1)同义句改写what are you doing now？(用up to改写句子)what are you up to now?(2)shall we go to the art exhibition right away?its all up to you(这由你决定)4lead sb.to do.使某人做lead sb.to.使某人/引领某人lead the way带路lead sb.by the nose牵着某人的鼻子走in the lead领先；处于首位take the lead带头；领先not far away there is a bridge that can lead him to the tree for more fruit.不远处有一座桥可以让他到达树旁摘到更多的水果。(2011北京开放作文)in class i will divide the students into small groups and lead them to practice speaking english in an interesting way.在课堂上我把学生分成小组用有趣的方法让他们练习说英语。(2010天津书面表达)夯实基础(1)that can lead to(导致) serious consequences.(2)with him leading the way(带路)，we got there without any difficulty.(3)the discovery of new evidence led to the thief being caught(小偷被抓)5make a difference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用make no difference无影响；无作用make sense有意义；讲得通make up组成，构成(多用于被动结构)make it成功；做到make oneself at home随便；无拘束make ones way (to/towards sth.)前进，成功i cant make out what she wants.我不知道她想要什么。women officers make up 13 per cent of the police force.女警占警力的13%。夯实基础(1)she was a strange sort of person；i couldnt make her out(理解她)(2)it makes no difference to me(对我没影响) whether he goes or not.(3)what you said made great sense(很有意义)(4)if you study hard，you can make it(成功)(5)please sit down and make yourself at home(别拘束)6set fire to sth.set sth.on fire放火烧；使着火put out a/the fire灭火play with fire玩火catch fire着火(动作)be on fire着火(状态)in july the enemy came and set fire to all the houses.7月敌人来了，放火烧了所有的房子。sparks from the fireplace could easily set the curtains on fire.壁炉里爆出来的火花会很容易引燃窗帘。夯实基础the building caught fire suddenly(突然着火了) yesterday afternoon.1not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was(村民们才意识到污染的严重性)2a strong earthquake struck the country，causing great damage to buildings (对建筑物造成极大破坏)3he studies hard，so does his sister (他妹妹也是)4our task now is to increase food production(提高粮食产量)5the sun heats the earth，which is very important to us(这对我们很重要)1 the whale hunters at the camp couldnt believe their eyes when they saw the six men walking down from the mountains.,当在营地的捕鲸者们看到这六个人从山上走下来时，他们简直不能相信自己的眼睛。(1)see sb.doing sth.表示“看见某人正在做某事”，现在分词作宾语补足语，强调动作正在进行。英语中see，hear，notice，observe，find，feel，keep，catch等动词后都可以接现在分词作宾语补足语。(2)see sb.do sth.表示“看见某人做了某事”，强调动作的全过程，当用于被动结构时，动词不定式要带to。(3)“感官动词宾语宾语补足语”的常见形式：感官动词宾语do(表示动作发生的全过程)doing(表示动作正在进行)done(表示动作已经完成he was seen to play basketball on the playground.有人看见他在操场上打篮球。i see you like the food here too.我看你也喜欢这里的食物。夯实基础(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空when i went by his window，i saw him doing(do)his homework.i saw him work(work) in the garden yesterday.he was seen to enter(enter)the building about the time the crime was committed.(2)the lost boy was last seen playing(最后一次被看见时在玩耍) on the river bank，happy.2 i had eaten chinese food often，but i could not have imagined how fabulous a real chinese banquet could be.我以前也经常吃中餐,但从没想到真正的中式宴席会那么丰盛。情态动词have done表示两个意义：(1)表对过去情况的推测与估计。,musthave done 用于肯定句，“准是/一定(已经)了”,canhave done用于否定句和疑问句，“不可能/不会(已经)的”和“可能/也许(已经)了吗”,mayhave done用于肯定句和否定句，“可能/也许(已经)了”和“可能/或许还没有”(2)表示对过去发生之事的后悔、遗憾、责备等情绪，至于具体表示的意义则由所用的情态动词及其句法结构而定。should/ought to have done 本来应该的(但却没有)couldhave done本来能够的mighthave done本可以的neednt have done本来可以不必的)you should have finished your homework yesterday.你昨天就该做完作业。it must have rained last night.昨晚一定下雨了。夯实基础(1)i shouldnt have watched(本不应该看) that movieitll give me horrible dreams.(2) since nobody gave him any help，he must have done the research on his own(他一定是自己做的这项调查)3 but one thing i do admire is the polite manner in which british people eat，even if it is just a potato.,但是让我非常佩服的是英国人吃饭的举止，哪怕仅仅是一个土豆，他也会吃得斯斯文文。“do/does/did动词原形”构成强调句，意为“确实，的确”，用来加强谓语动词的语气，但须符合以下条件：(1)句子是肯定句；(2)句子的时态为一般现在时或一般过去时；(3)只能用来强调谓语动词，不能强调主语、宾语、表语、状语等，此时应用it is/was.that.进行强调。he does enjoy listening to classical music.他的确喜欢听古典音乐。do be quiet.务必安静。夯实基础(1)cars moved very slowly in the 1930s，but they did move faster(但是它们确实跑得快) than in the 1920s.(2)翻译句子今天晚上一定要来呀。do come this evening.上周他的确给你写信了。he did write to you last week.1选词填空(1)one of the three questions that have been asked by the students has been solved.(2)you ran into mr.li！how did that happen?well，neither of us was looking where we were going.(3)some students find it hard to take in the new teachers dialect.(4)if you dont value the advice of your teachers，youll regret it sooner or later.(5)the worker is repairing the house，whose window was broken yesterday.(6)the weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.(7)mr.zhang is such a considerate person as all his colleagues like to work with.(8)this is the village where my father lived twenty years ago.2用所给词的适当形式填空(1)on the bank of the river，we found him sitting on a bench，with his eyes fixed on a kite in the sky.(sit，fix)(2)why do you look sad?there are so many problems remaining to be settled.(remain)(3)the guinness book of world records is not so easy to remember.(remember)(4)having mentioned that we should look after the three dogs three times，my mother left home.(mention)(5)leaving the heating on all the time wastes electricity.(leave).教材活用根据课文内容(module 1)完成下面的短文antarctica，the 1.coldest (cold) place on earth，is 2.the fifth largest continent in the world.the conditions there are quite extreme with nearly no rainfall.98 percent of the surface 3.is covered (cover) permanently by ice and strong winds driven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline.however，it is full 4.of wildlife like the famous penguins，5.which can adapt to its hard conditions.the ice there has become a window on the past with gases and minerals 6.trapped (trap) in it.not 7.until the late 18th century did the british explorer james cook cross the antarctic circle.then in 1895，a norwegian explorer 8.called (call) carstens borchgrevink set foot 9.on the antarctic mainland.in 1961,12 countries signed a treaty to make 10.it the worlds biggest nature reserve.today scientists from all over the world go there to study its resources and to work together for progress and peace.课外拓展阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式the dragon has always been part of chinese culture，a god in traditional stories.now the chinese dragon is breathing fire againfrom the front of the dragon stamp 1.issued (issue) by china post last month.words such as “fierce” and “fearsome” have been used to describe the dragon on the stamp.designer chen shaohua has defended his work.he said that the dragon should not 2.be made (make) to look too gentle because this would be different from the mental image most chinese people have of the creature.“this years design stands for both the dragons divine might and chinas confidence，” said chen.“we need 3.a tough image.”however，not everyone 4.is convinced(convince) that “confidence” is the whole story 5.behind the dragons fierce picture.commentator li xiaoliang wrote on ：“in both east and west，no matter 6.what the local culture is，a friendly，smiling design is favored 7.as the symbol of a nations mental confidence.”others say we are reading too much into the stamp.“a dragon stamp is still a stamp，an art piece.8.it doesnt cover the many aspects of chinas image，9.nor is it meant to be given social of 10.political (politics) interpretations，” hu yinbin wrote in china youth daily.阅读理解can feeling of nostalgia(怀旧) be good for you？or is it unhealthy to have a strong love for the past?for years，medical experts have studied nostalgia and the reasons for it.many experts warn that t