【步步高】（四川专用）高考英语二轮复习 专题知识与增分策略 第四部分 地方题型(1).DOC

第四部分地方题型题型解密与答题技巧补全对话解题步骤1通读对话，弄清谈话的语境及内容在做题时，应跳过空行，快速把全篇对话通读一遍，对对话的整体结构有所了解，把握对话的内容及语境。在理解全篇对话内容的基础上，准确地把握语言环境，把自己“置身”于语境之中，理解双方谈话的意图。2前后照应，注意对话的“链条”对话的上下文的关系是相当密切的。做题时，可以根据上句的信息推断下句的信息，也可以通过下句的信息推断上句的信息，前后对照，逐句推敲，双管齐下，瞻前顾后，抓住对话的脉络，就能使对话不“断链”。3注意对话的表达要符合英美人的风俗习惯不同的国家有不同的风俗习惯、生活习惯等等。在语言交际中也有各种不同的表达。对话的表达要符合英美人的风俗习惯。4重读对话，验证答案选项选好后，应将所选的选项带入对话的空行处去验证，凭语感和交际语言习惯进行验证。全篇对话是否贯通流畅，内容是否清晰，前后意思是否矛盾，所选的选项是否符合对话的语言环境，是否符合上下文的逻辑关系等等。阅读表达四川省出现了一种新的题型阅读表达题，该题型是对开放性、灵活性、选择性等主观试题的研究和尝试，其测试目的是从多方位多角度考查考生通过阅读获取信息、处理信息并进行书面表达的能力，比传统的阅读理解题型更具综合性和主观性，更能体现对考生综合语言运用能力的考查，对学生的英语水平提出了更高的要求。一、命题特点试题一般是根据一篇300词左右的短文，从不同的五个方面考查五个问题，通常问题以why/when/where/how/what/who/which开头，也可能会涉及到补充文章的句子。题材的选择将更具时代性、知识性、科学性和趣味性，渗透文化意识，强调实际应用。文章通常为说明文，也可能出现记叙文或者夹叙夹议的文章。二、题目类型1主旨概括题。它要求概括出文章的某一段、或整篇文章的大意、标题或作者的写作意图等。例如：what is the main idea of the second paragraph? what is the main idea of the article? what is the best title of the passage? for what purpose does the author mention.in paragraph 1? what is the purpose of the writer writing the passage? 2填空题。回答此类问题时，一定首先注意弄清楚上下文的逻辑关系，如递进、转折、并列、对比、因果等等；然后根据上下文的含义搞清楚空白处该填句子还是短语或者单词，再读上下文，最后确定答案。例如：please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words. 3封闭性问题。封闭性问题是指答案是固定或唯一的问题，一般可在文章中找到明确的答案或依据，包括常见的 whquestions。例如： what advice is given in the last paragraph? (within 10 words) according to the passage, what is the writers problem? (within 10 words) according to paragraph 2, how does the author solve the problem? (within 12 words) 4开放性问题。开放性问题是阅读表达中主观性最强的试题，要求考生结合个人的观点、经验来回答相关问题。例如： what would you do if you were.? what other suggestions would you give to blem mentioned ? how would you settle the problem if you were.? 以上为几种常见的题型，当然还有其他题型，诸如根据语境翻译句子，同义语句替换等，这些都有可能出现。 三、解题策略做题时要做到快速阅读，把握大意和文章脉络以及作者的写作意图；浏览题目，搞清考查目的；再读文章，仔细推敲，准确答题。 1.主旨概括题的题型，在弄清楚文章的大意后，用简练的一句话或短语概括出文章的主旨或标题即可。在答题时，切记要抓住关键词，且不要出现语法错误。 2.填空题是以往阅读理解题目中所没有的，这种题型要求考生弄明白空缺的句子及其上下文的内容，而且要弄清其间的关系，根据这些关系猜测出空缺处的内容，然后再读上下文，最后确定答案。 3.封闭性题型一定要做到准确定位对题目中涉及到的细节精确定位，之后依据题目及题目所限定的字数，对这些答案有关的信息进行提炼、浓缩。这类题目应该先看题目，带着问题去读文章，会提高阅读及解题的速度。4开放性问题必须认真读懂短文的内容，把握作者的观点，同时针对问题的中心谈论考生自己的观点。观点要明确，不能模棱两可。还要注意不要出现过分或偏激的观点，尽量与作者观点保持一致。短文改错一、解题步骤1从语篇入手，理解文章大意短文改错不是单句改错，每一句的语意表达、结构选择是受上下文制约的。如谓语动词时态的选择，代词的指代功能等都要依照上下文的线索进行判断。因此，考生应立足于上下文，正确理解作者意图，把握短文的题材，从整体上把握全文。2在理解大意的基础上，审查句子结构通读全文，了解文章大意、写作方式之后，应把主要注意力放在句子层次上，判断句子的表达是否符合行文逻辑，是否符合语法规范。从历年高考题来看短文改错绝大多数题目还是句子层次的问题，侧重语言的准确性，所以，对句子结构正确与否的审查是关键性的一步。3从语法结构入手，进行语法改错在正误判断的基础之上，根据语法规则改正句子中的错误之处。改错时应注意改错设计规律，如：每篇有十项错误；改动之处只能有一词，或删掉或增词，或修改。二、解题技巧1正确理解做题要求，搞清楚改什么(改动一个单词，不是两个，也不是改标点符号)，怎么改(删除、补漏、纠错)。答题一定要规范，各种符号不能缺少，形式和位置要正确。2并非每行都有错，无错行一般为一行，若做题结果为多行无错，则说明可能有未被发现的错误，需进一步查找。3拼写错误已取消，不要把注意力用在寻找拼写错的单词上，但应注意名词的单、复数形式是否有问题。4短文改错一般以行为单位设置错误，但很少出现一行恰为一句的情况，有些句子一句要占两三行，单从一行(句子的一部分)看很难判断，所以应以句为单位进行审查，句与行结合起来加以验证。5短文改错有别于单句改错，要重视文章的整体内容和前后照应。既要从单句入手检查语言错误，又要从全文着眼发现行文逻辑方面的问题。注意句与句之间的关系，注意前后文之间的联系和统一，这样才能将在单个句子中不易发现的错误，如连词运用不当、人称混乱、时态不一致、前后矛盾等问题全部找出来，进行全面改正。test 1.补全对话(2013四川)james，can i have some black tea?sure._1_well，just a little，please.two teaspoons?_2_ i have gained some weight these days.(minutes later.)how nice it is!_3_yes，please.do you mind me smoking here?_4_ i dont want to have secondhand smoke.would you like some cookies，instead？eating more and smoking less will do you good._5_a.of course！,b.any sugar？,c.okay，thanks.,d.well，go ahead.,e.no，one is enough.,f.how do you want it made？,g.would you like some more？答案1.b2.e3.g4.a5.c.阅读表达(2013四川)a nurse of 78 this weekend celebrates 60 years of walking the wardsand she has no plans to retire.jackie reid was 18 when she started work in 1953when the national health service(nhs) was just five years oldand is believed to be the oldest nurse in britain.the diabetes(糖尿病) specialist had to retire at 65 but returned as a nurse within two weeks and still does up to four sevenandahalf hour shifts(轮班) each week.mrs reid said：“nursing is hard if you do it correctly but i love my job.working for the nhs has been my life.i have no other hobbies because i have worked all my life.”jackie has worked at a number of different hospitalsincluding one in scotland.her specialist field has been diabetes for the past 40 years.she retrained after her 12yearold daughter michelle developed the disease.she currently works at southend hospital，essex.over the last 60 years she has treated tens of thousands of patients.jackie believes nursing should be protected from government cuts.she said：“therere lots of things i would say to the government.if you are going to get good care you have to have the resources(资源)，you cant do it without enough money.they shouldnt need the cuts that there are in the nhs.its hard now because theres a shortage of staff.”jackie has lived alone in grays，essex，since her husband died three years ago.the couple have two daughters michelle,50，and karen,54.jackie added：“my youngest daughter worries about meshe doesnt think i should work as much as i do.i constantly say dont worry about me，im fine，but she never believes me.i dont like the thought of giving it up and will try to keep going forever.”1in which year was the nhs set up？(within 2 words)in_1948.2what does jackie think of nursing？(within 6 words )its_hard_but_she_loves_it.3when did jackie retrain in the field of diabetes？(within 6 words)after_her_daughter_developed_diabetes.4what does jackie wish the government to do？(within 7 words)not_to_make_cuts_in_nursing.5why does jackies daughter worry about her？(within 8 words)because_she_thinks_her_mother_works_too_hard.短文改错(2013四川)today we had a chemistry test.i found the test difficulty，but i tried hardly to do it.suddenly mary，my best friend，asking me to let her to copy my answers.after think for some time，i let her copy my answers.but after the test，all of us were called to the teachers office.the teacher was angry because we had same answers in the tests.we were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our parents.i was very upset.i didnt cheat.i was just helping a friend.why does she punish me?答案today we had a chemistry test.i found the test ，but i tried to do it.suddenly mary，my best friend， me to let her tokg*2 copy my answers.after for some time，i let her copy my answers.but after the test， of us were called to the teachers office.the teacher was angry because we had same answers in the .we were warned not to cheat again she would need to see our parents.i was very upset.i didnt cheat.i was just helping a friend.why she punish me?test 2.补全对话tom：are you fond of sports?mike：_1_tom：what kind of sports do you like?mike：almost all the ball games，such as basketball，soccer，volleyball，badminton，table tennis，etc._2_tom：i hate sports._3_mike：_4_ sports can build up your health and protect you from getting diseases easily.tom：is that so？but sports are tiring sometimes.mike：actually it is important for us to keep healthy.tom：_5_ahow about you?byoud better take up some sports.ccertainly，i am a super sports fan.dbecause im too lazy to go out to do sports.etry to play basketball，and youll find it interesting.fyoure right.i will play basketball in order to keep healthy.gdont you think swimming is interesting and we can swim together?答案1.c2.a3.d4.b5.f.阅读表达china news，feb.17the “super girl” competition staged in 2005 not only created new stars，such as li yuchun and zhou bichang，for chinas music business，but also elevated the reputation of the music academies where those new stars are studying and heated up the ongoing fever of entering conservatories.zhou bichangs school，guangzhou xinghai conservatory of music，was conducting spot confirmation(确认)of the 2006 student recruitment(招生)more than 3,200 students rushed to register from all around china on the first day alone，with the number increasing over the previous year.some of the applicants expressed concertedly that it would be a pleasure to become schoolmates with the “super girl” and hoped to win fortune and fame in the show business following zhou and other stars success.the school also admitted that thanks to the “super girl” effect，this year they welcomed more students to register than in previous years.major exams for guangzhou xinghai conservatory of music will start on february 20 and end on march 3，and the school will reinforce supervision(监督) on exam affairs to guarantee the most equity(公平) and justice in the examination.1what is the influence of the “super girl” competition staged in 2005？(within 35 words)it_not_only_created_new_stars_for_chinas_music_business_but_also_elevated_the_reputation_of_the_music_academies_where_those_new_stars_are_studying_and_heated_up_the_ongoing_fever_of_entering_conservatories.2why do more students apply for guangzhou xinghai conservatory of music？(within 35 words)they_thought_it_would_be_a_pleasure_to_become_schoolmates_with_the_“super_girl”_and_hoped_to_win_fortune_and_fame_in_the_show_business_following_zhou_and_other_stars_success.3how many days will the major exams for guangzhou xinghai conservatory of music last？(within 3 words)12_days.4what will the school do to make sure the exam is fair and justicial？(within 8 words)reinforce_supervision_on_exam_affairs.5can you give a title to the passage？(within 5 words)the_“super_girl”_effect.短文改错i hardly remember my grandmother.she used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.i was only four when she passes away.she is just a distant memory for me now.i remember my grandfather very much.he was tall，with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years.he had a deep voice，which set himself apart from others in our small town，he was strong and powerful.in a fact，he even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.however，he was the gentlest man i have never known.(2013新课标全国)参考答案i hardly remember my grandmother.she used to me on her knees and sing old songs.i was only four when she away.she is just a distant memory for me now.i remember my grandfather very .he was tall，with broad and a beard that turned from black gray over the years.he had a deep voice，which set apart from others in our small town， he was strong and powerful.in a fact，he even scared my classmates away they came over to play or do homework with me.however，he was the gentlest man i have known.test 3.补全对话david：where would you live if you could choose?jane：its very difficult to say._1_david：what would you do if you lived in paris?jane：_2_david：youd soon get tired of it._3_jane：i wouldnt live in new york.it is too noisy.david：how about los angeles?jane：_4_david：it is said that the sun shines every day in los angeles.id like to live there.jane：_5_david：i would also like to live in a city with a lot of good friends.aid like to live there，tooband what about the united states?clos angeles wouldnt be a bad idea.dwould you like to live alone?eif i were very rich，id certainly choose paris.fas a matter of fact，id live in any city where i had friends.goh，id have a house by the seine，and i could enjoy the scenery.答案1.e2.g3.b4.c5.f.阅读表达you may not realize it，but you are actually doing much more than just studying when you are at school.school is also a place where you learn to get along well with people.but this is not always easy.what can you do if you just dont like one of your classmates?if you discover that you have problems in getting along with your classmates or friends，the most important thing to learn is tolerance.tolerance is the ability to realize and respect the differences in others.we cannot change the way that other people do，so it is important to learn to live happily with them.tolerance will make everyone get on better with each other.knowing others constantly makes us understand others differences.something different does not exactly mean that it is bad.tolerance teaches us to keep an even temper and an open mind.you need to remember an old saying，“treat others how you want to be treated.” you would like to be treated kindly by your classmates，so it is important to treat them kindly too.tolerating something does not mean that you have to like it.no one is forcing you to change who you are or what you believe in.tolerance just means that you should respect the differences in others and not try to make them change.it is important to practice tolerance，because it will make everyones life easier.learn to accept people for their different abilities and interests.the world is very different，and practicing tolerance in your own school and city can help make a difference.1what is the passage mainly about？(within 12 words)it_is_mainly_about_the_importance_of_tolerance/respecting_the_differences_in_others.2why is it not always easy to get along with people around you？(within 10 words)because_we_are_different_from_one_another.3its important for you to get to know others.what can it help you do？(within 10 words)it_can_help_us_understand_others_differences.4why is tolerance important to people according to the passage？(within 10 words)because_it_will_make_everyones_lives/life_easier.5what does the old saying “treat others how you want to be treated.” mean in english？(within 20 words)if_you_want_to_be_treated_kindly_by_others，you_should_treat_them_kindly_first.短文改错some soldiers arrived in france for the first time，neither of whom could speak french except bill，who boasted that he said the language very well.for some time they had to be in camp，but they didnt need to speak any french.then the day came that they were allowed to leave for the weekend.hardly they left the camp when they saw the pretty girl on the other side of the road.and then they all asked bill to speak to her.bill walked cross the road，and smiled polite to the girl.he had only said a few words when the girl slapped her face angrily and walked off.surprisingly，with his face were all smiles，bill returned to his friends，saying，“well.i told you i could speak french，dont i？”答案some soldiers arrived in france for the first time， of whom could speak french except bill，who boasted that he the language very well.for some time they had to be in camp， they didnt need to speak any french.then the day came that they were allowed to leave for the weekend.hardly they left the camp when they saw pretty girl on the other side of the road.and then they all asked bill to speak to her.bill walked the road，and smiled to the girl.he had only said a few words when the girl slapped face angrily and walked off.surprisingly，with his face were all smiles，bill returned to his friends，saying，“well.i told you i could speak french， i？”test 4.补全对话a：_1_ could you tell me how to get to the address?b：_2_ hmm，i think youd better call a taxi.a：_3_b：well，yes，but you have to change buses twice and then walk a long way.a：which bus shall i take?b：you have to take a number 7 bus first.a：_4_b：there is a bus stop opposite the post office.a：_5_b：you can find one next to the restaurant.a：thanks a lot.awhere can i catch a number 7 bus?bexcuse me.cby the way，is there a public telephone near here?dlet me see.eyou cant miss it.fisnt there any other way?gi am sorry.答案1.b2.d3.f4.a5.c.阅读表达too often young people get themselves employed quite by accident，not knowing whether there will be opportunities for promotion(晋升)，happiness and security.as a result，they are employed in doing jobs that afford them little or no satisfaction.our school leavers face so much competition that they seldom care what they do as long as they can earn a living.some stay long at a job and learn to like it；others leave one for another looking for something to suit them.the young graduates leave the university with the dream of looking for jobs that offer a salary up to their expectation.very few go out into the world knowing exactly what they want and the limits of their own abilities.the cause behind all this confusion is that there has never been a proper vocational(职业的) guidance in our educational institutions.nearly all the graduates feel their way in the dark.their chief concern is the salary.they never bother to think whether they are suited for the job or，even more important，whether the job suits them.having a job is more than merely providing one and ones dependants with daily bread and some money for leisure and entertainment.it sets a pattern of life and，in many ways，determines a person s social status in life and selection of friends，leisure and interest.in choosing a profession，one should first consider which type of work will suit his or her interest.nothing is sadder than taking on a job in which one has no interest，for it will not only ruin ones talents but also discourage ones desire to succeed in life.1according to paragraph l，why do many