【步步高】（江苏专用）高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Science and nature同步导学 牛津译林版必修5(1).doc

【步步高】（江苏专用）2015届高考英语一轮复习 unit 3 science and nature同步导学 牛津译林版必修5.重点单词识记1harvest /hvist/ vt.&vi.收割(庄稼)；n.收获；收成2transform /trnsfm/ vt.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态3concept /knsept/ n概念；观念4breakthrough /breikru/ n突破5summary /smri/ n总结；概括，概要6hunger /h(r)/ n饥饿；饥荒7tasty /teisti/ adj.美味的，可口的8nutrition /njutrin/ n营养9ordinary /dnri/ adj.普通的，一般的10confirm /knfm/ vt.&vi.证实，证明；确认；使确信11favour /feiv(r)/ n赞同，恩惠；偏袒；vt.喜爱；支持；偏爱12income /inkm/ n收入，收益13profit /prfit/ n利润，收益；vi.&vt.获益；对有用14exact /izkt/ adj.精确的，准确的exactly adv.精确地，准确地；确实如此15intention /intenn/ n意图，目的；企图intend vt.&vi.打算，计划，想要intended adj.打算的，计划的16adopt /dpt/ vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳adoption n收养，领养；采用adopted adj.收养的，领养的17consequence /knsikwns/ n结果，后果consequent adj.随之而来的，作为结果的consequently adv.因此，所以18profession /prfen/ n职业，行业professional adj.职业的，专业的；n.专业人员19relation /rilein/ n关系；亲戚relate vt.&vi.联系，把联系起来；叙述，讲述related adj.相关的，有联系的20majority /mdrti/ n多数，大多数major adj.主要的；多数的；vi.主修minority n少数民族；少数，少数人minor adj.较小的；次要的21consideration /knsidrein/ n仔细考虑；必须考虑的因素；体谅，顾及consider v考虑；认为considerate adj.考虑周到的，体贴的considering prep.&conj.考虑到，鉴于，就而言considerable adj.相当多(大、重要等)的22brief /brif/ adj.短时间的，短暂的；简洁的，简单的briefly adv.短暂地；简短地23actual /ktl/ adj.真实的，实际的actually adv.实际上；事实上24permission /pmin/ n准许，许可，批准permit vt.&vi.允许，准许；n.许可证.重点短语识记1on the one hand.on the other hand一方面另一方面2toy with戏弄，摆弄；把当作儿戏3with the intention of为了，以为目的或意图4concentrate on集中精力于，全神贯注于5push ahead with义无反顾地进行，努力推进6for sale供出售，待销售7comment on对进行评论8in agreement with赞成，同意；与一致9be/get burnt out耗尽体力，累垮10follow in ones footsteps效仿某人11o consideration认真考虑12succeed in doing sth.成功做成某事13in favour of赞同，支持14point of view观点15meet ones needs满足某人的需求.经典原句默写与背诵1the first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was dolly the sheep.第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。2.they have not yet seen the effects of the careless use of the environment like many wealthy nations have.他们还没有像许多富裕国家那样，认识到随心所欲消耗自然资源的后果。3nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (gm) food.转基因食品就是最好的例子。4one aim of gm research is to produce food which will make us healthier.转基因研究的一个目的是生产出能让我们更健康的食品。1you need to get your parents permission (permit) to go to the seaside.2for many years，the majority (major) of irish people earned their living as farmers.3he was found stealing items from the shop where he worked.consequently (consequence)，he was taken off his position.4she has no intention (intend) of hurting anyone here.5the old man lived with his three adopted (adopt) children and they enjoyed a happy life.6in a word，to read the original (origin) work is better than to see the film based on it.7judging (judgement) from his happy look on the face，he must have passed the exam this time.8my hometown has been transformed (使改变) into a beautiful garden city after the tenyear development.9they met with numerous difficulties in conducting (实施) the experiment.10the news confirmed (证实) that the president would resign soon.1adopt an approach/a strategy/a policy采用某方法/战略/政策an adopted son养子adapt vt.使适应；改造/编pupils should be helped to adopt a positive approach to the environment.应帮助学生对环境采取积极的态度。he couldnt adapt his way of life to the company.他的生活方式无法适应公司的要求。夯实基础用adopt，adapt的适当形式填空the young couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan.after a few months，the child came to adapt to his new life.2in consequenceas a consequenceas a result因此；所以in consequence ofas a consequence ofas a result of由于as a consequence，i decide to exchange it for something that i really need at present.因此，我决定用它来换取目前真正需要的东西。(2012重庆书面表达)夯实基础同义句改写many people lost their money in/as a consequence of the crash of the stock market.(用result改写句子)many people lost their money as a result of the crash of the stock market.3in a/the majority占大多数major adj.主要的；v.主修；n.专业major in主修the major factor in the decision to stay or to leave was usually professional.职业上的考虑往往是决定去留的主要因素。the majority of people seem to prefer tv to radio.多数人喜欢电视胜过广播。图解助记夯实基础同义句改写im a history major.(1)my major is history.(major作主语)(2)i major in history.(major作动词)4in brief简言之in short总之，综上所述to be brief简言之briefly speaking简言之brief and to the point 简明扼要to be brief，she was happy with that result.简而言之，她对那个结果感到满意。she once made a brief appearance on television.她曾经在电视上短暂露面。夯实基础(1)完成句子his remarks were brief and to the point(简明扼要)to be brief/in brief/briefly speaking (简言之)，i hate asking any favors of her.(2)用in brief，in short填空in short，i am going to live there myself.there is not much time left，so ill tell you about it in brief.his novels belong to a great but vanished age.they are，in short，oldfashioned.5ask a favour of sb.求人帮一个忙do a favour for sb.do sb.a favour帮某人一个忙in favour of赞成，主张in ones favour对某人有利out of favour失宠的；不流行的the exchange rate is in our favour for the time being.汇率暂时对我们有利。夯实基础完成句子(1)fortunately，the situation is in our favour(形势对我们有利) at the moment，so we are (sitting) on top of the world.(2)was he in favour of or against the plan(支持还是反对这个计划)?6ask for permission请求许可without permission未经许可permit v.允许；许可；n.通行证；许可证；执照permit sb.to do.允许某人做permit doing sth.允许做某事permit sb.sth.允许某人做某事they entered the area without permission.他们未经许可擅入该地。the windows permit light and air to enter.这些窗户采光及通风性能良好。夯实基础用所给词的适当形式填空(1)he was permitted to talk(talk) to the prisoner.(2)the guards permitted me to bring(bring) my camera and tape recorder.(3)we dont permit smoking(smoke) in the office.(4)he asked for permission(permit) to leave the room. .单项填空1his suggestion has been by people in many parts of the world.aadopting badoptedcadapted dadapting答案b解析句意为：他的建议被世界许多地方的人所采纳。主语和动词之间是被动关系，排除a、d两项，“采纳”是adopt，故正确答案为b。2he had been ill for a long time and he missed many classes.ahowever botherwisecconsequently ddespite答案c解析句意为：他病了很长时间所以落下了许多课。consequently因此，所以，符合句意。3this treatment is not available in of hospitals.amost bmajoritycthe most dthe majority答案d解析句意为：大多数医院不采用这种治疗法。the majority of hospitalsmost of the hospitals。4please bring something with you that your identity.aconfirms bsayscexplains ddesires答案a解析句意为：请带上能证明你身份的东西。confirm证明，证实，符合题意。5most of them were my opinion while david was against it.ain honour of bin favour ofcin search of din memory of答案b解析句意为：他们中大多数人支持我的看法，然而大卫却反对。in favour of支持，赞成，与against相对。6as they havent a child of their own，they are going to a little girl.aaccept breceivecadapt dadopt答案d解析句意为：由于他们没有一个自己的孩子，他们打算收养一个小女孩。adopt收养，抚养；accept接受；receive接收；adapt使适应。7the agreement doesnt allow you to business from your home.amake bconductcafford darrange答案b解析conduct ones business管理生意，符合题意。.汉译英1而且，我想让你帮我一个忙。(do sb.a favour)(2013新课标全国书面表达)also，id like you to do me a favour.2三年前在我人生一次重要的考试中我失败了，成了一所普通学校的一名学生。(ordinary)(2012湖北短文写作)three years ago i failed an important exam in my life and became a student in an ordinary school.3结果北极熊的数量变得越来越少。(as a consequence)(2011重庆书面表达)as a consequence，the number of polar bears is becoming smaller and smaller.be/get burnt out，o consideration，in favour of，follow in ones footsteps，push ahead with1he is a doctor and expects his son to follow in his footsteps.2if we take all the things into consideration，this project is better than that one.3there were 247 votes in favour of the motion and 152 against.4whatever happens，we must push ahead with our plans to increase production.5if he doesnt stop working so hard，hell be/get burnt out.1put ones hands on找到；得到at hand在手边；在附近；即将到来by hand手工in hand在手里；在掌握中；在控制下from hand to hand从一人手中传到另一人手中hand in hand手拉手；共同地ill bring some tapes if i can put my hands on them.如果找得到的话，我会带几盒录音带来。夯实基础用适当的介词填空(1)people are digging wells by hand，but they hit rock.(2)find a quiet space where you can concentrate on the task at hand.(3)the work is in hand，but not finished.2burn.to the ground把烧成平地burn down把烧毁；渐渐烧完be burning to do sth.热切盼望做某事burn oneself/sb.out耗尽体力；累垮by the age of 25 she was completely burned out and retired from the sport.她到25岁时就已体力耗尽，退出了体坛。夯实基础(1)同义句改写he is eager to tell us his great success.(用burn短语改写句子)he is burning to tell us his great success.(2)用适当的介、副词填空youll burn yourself out if you work so hard.she felt colder as the fire burned down.the house was burnt to the ground.3 o consideration认真考虑；把考虑在内consideration n仔细考虑；体谅，顾及；必须考虑的因素under consideration在考虑中considerate adj.考虑周到的；为(他人)着想的；体谅的，体贴的consider v认为；考虑considerable adj.值得考虑的；相当多的considering prep.考虑到；鉴于you must take my plan into consideration.你必须对我的计划加以考虑。夯实基础用consider的适当形式填空(1)your suggestion is under consideration.(2)it was very considerate of him to wait.(3)he did well in the exam considering how little he studied.(4)he considers himself an expert on the subject.(5)the project wasted a considerable amount of time and money.单项填空1you must take everything into when you want to do a difficult task.aobservation bregardccounting dconsideration答案d解析句意为：当你想完成一项困难任务的时候，你必须把一切考虑在内。o consideration把考虑在内。2what shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has been ？agiven out bput outcheld up dused up答案d解析句意为：当世界上所有的石油都用完时，我们会用什么作为能源呢？use up用完；give out分发；put out扑灭；hold up支撑，延迟。3 i wish to go to the party together with you， ive got a report to finish tonight.aalthough；butbthough；howevercon the one hand；but on the other handdhowever；but答案c解析句意为：一方面，我想和你一起去参加聚会，但另一方面我有报告今晚要完成。因为although不能与but连用，所以a项不对，故选c项。.汉译英一方面，他们想要孩子，但另一方面，他们又不想放弃自由自在的生活。(on the one hand.on the other.)on the one hand theyd love to have kids，but on the other，they dont want to give up their freedom.用所给词的适当形式填空1given (give) enough care，the children can cooperate better.2the boy named(name) tom will come here tomorrow.3the pop star hurried up to her car，followed (follow) by her fans.4my grandfather was delighted(delight) to hear i passed my exams.5the boy found himself lost(lose) in the forest.1 the first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was dolly the sheep.第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。(1)当被修饰成分前有序数词或最高级及the only，the very修饰时，常用不定式作定语。(2)动词不定式可以用来修饰人和物，一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，即后置定语。(3)to come将来的；to spare剩余的。这两个短语常放在时间名词后面作后置定语。(4)修饰某些抽象名词的不定式，有时可转换为介词短语。i caught the train with only a few seconds to spare.我在离开车只剩数秒时赶上了火车。he is always the first to answer questions.他总是第一个回答问题。夯实基础用所给词的适当形式填空(1)the captain is the last to leave(leave) the ship.(2)the ability to express(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.2nowhere.truer.意为“没有比这更好的了(这是最好的)”。否定词和比较级连用表达最高级的意义。最高级意义的多种表达法：(1)比较级than(2)否定词so/as形容词(副词)原级as(3)否定词形容词(副词)比较级(than)nothing is easier than this.这是最容易的事。nothing is so easy as this.这是最容易的事。夯实基础一句多译汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。(1)tom is more intelligent than any other student in his class.(2)tom is more intelligent than any of the other students in his class.(3)tom is more intelligent than all the other students in his class.(4)tom is more intelligent than anyone else in his class.(5)no one is as intelligent as tom in his class.(6)no one is more intelligent than tom in his class.(7)tom is the most intelligent in his class.单项填空1everybody said it was a perfect marriage；no one had ever known couple.athe happier ba happierca happiest dthe happiest答案b解析句意为：大家都说那是一桩美满的婚姻，没有人认识(比他们)更幸福的一对了。根据句意，可知设空处应该用比较级，故排除c、d两项；“定冠词形容词比较级”表示“两者当中较的”，所以a项不合题意；而“不定冠词形容词比较级”表示“更的一个”，故选b项。2she was the first woman the gold medal in the olympic games.awin bwinning cwon dto win答案d解析名词前有序数词修饰时，后面常接动词不定式作定语。3children to difficult situations are better at handling those tasks.aexposing；challenging bexposed；challengedcexposed；challenging dexposing；challenged答案c解析考查分词作定语的用法。expose.to.让接触。宾语children提前，所以用过去分词作定语，表被动；第二空后的tasks是表示物的名词，所以用challenging(富有挑战的)。.汉译英她总是第一个来最后一个走。(序数词后接不定式作定语)she is always the first to come and the last to leave.1the party will be held in the garden，weather .(2012大纲全国，28)apermitting bto permitcpermitted dpermit答案a解析句意为：如果天气允许的话，聚会将在花园里举行。weather permitting是独立主格形式，相当于if引导的条件状语从句，即if weather permits。2time， correctly，is money in the bank.(2012湖南，23)ato use bused cusing duse答案b解析句意为：使用得当，时间就是银行里的钱。要填的是非谓语动词形式，而且use和主语time是动宾关系，所以要用过去分词表被动，相当于一个条件状语从句：if it (time) is used correctly。3experiments of this kind in