【步步高】（新课标）高考英语一轮复习 知识排查突破 book 3 Unit 4 Astoonomy the science of the stars 新人教版.doc

【步步高】（新课标）2016高考英语一轮复习 知识排查突破 book 3 unit 4 astoonomy the science of the stars 新人教版重点识记词汇1.system n系统；体系；制度2.in time 及时；终于3lay eggs 下蛋 4.give birth to 产生；分娩5in ones turn 轮到某人 6.prevent.from 阻止；制止7block out 挡住(光线) 8.climate n气候9religion n宗教；宗教信仰 10.atmosphere n大气层；气氛11fundamental adj.基本的；基础的 12.thus adv.因此；于是13gentle adj.温和的；文雅的 14.crash vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落15pull n& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力 16.physicist n物理学家17cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋 18.now that 既然19break out 突发；爆发 20.watch out for密切注视；当心；提防21reaction n反应；回应react v反应22exist vi.存在；生存existence n存在；生存23float vi.& vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮 n漂浮物24violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violently adv.强烈地；激烈地；凶猛地violence n暴力25theory n学说；理论theoretical adj.理论上的26puzzle n谜；难题 vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难puzzled adj.迷惑的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的27presence n出席；到场；存在present adj.在场的；目前的 n目前；现在 v呈现；颁发；授予28unlike prep.不同；不像like vt.喜欢；prep.相像的likely adj.可能的29harmful adj.有害的harm n危害；害处 vt.损害；伤害harmless adj.无害的30globe n球体；地球仪；地球global adj.全球性的；全世界的必背经典句式1.this produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。2but when i tried to step forward，i found i was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。3.walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习。4the earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球变得如此激烈动荡以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。构词记忆musician /mjuzin/ nc音乐家；作曲家physician /fizin/ nc医生；内科医生politician /pltin/ nc政治家；政客.词汇与派生a语境填词1computer hackers have broken down security systems(系统)，raising questions about the safety of information.2the threestar hotel offers a friendly atmosphere (气氛)and personal service.3there is a lot of rubbish floating(漂浮) on the surface of the river.4there are many theories(理论)about the origin of life.5the climate (气候) is different from place to place.6i noticed her looking at me with a puzzled(迷惑的)stare.7they are both teachers.otherwise they are unlike(不同)8he pulled(拉)the door open and rushed out.9water is fundamental(基本的)to the growth of the plants.10he often says that he doesnt believe in any religion(宗教) and only believes in himself.b用所给词的适当形式填空11the robbers hit them violently.they couldnt bear it any more so they decided to answer violence with violence and began their violent fight back.(violent)12this object gives off harmful gases.they may do harm to our health.you must make the object harmless before you use it.(harm)13do you believe in the existence of ghost?perhaps they only exist in the minds of some people.(exist).短语运用a用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空14what can we do to prevent this disease from spreading?15we were scared to death when the fire broke out.fortunately，it was put out before it caused much damage.16the good news cheered up everybody who heard it.17thousands of turtles drag themselves onto the beach and lay eggs in the sand.18it was the study of history that gave birth to the social science.19we are depending on you to finish the job at present.20i have got the hang of learning english with the teachers help.21nowadays，many old customs are gradually dying out.b用方框内所给短语填空22they ran all the way to the station just in time to catch the bus.23when it is in my turn，i am too excited to speak.24now that you are familiar with the authors ideas，try reading all the sections as quickly as you can.25nursing is a vocation as well as a profession.经典句式26he made it his business to find out who was responsible.他非要弄清楚是谁的责任不可。27he has got three times as many books as his sister.他拥有的书的数量是他妹妹的三倍。28jack said he would come and he did come.杰克说他要来，他果真来了。29now that you have got a chance，you might as well make full use of it.你既然得到了一个机会，不妨充分利用它。30it doesnt matter much whether you will take part in her birthday party or not.你是否参加她的生日晚会都没有太大关系。1 encourage v.鼓励；激励；促进应试指导非谓语动词句法功能的考查encourage sb.to do.鼓励某人做encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的encouragement n.鼓舞；鼓励discourage sb.from doing.阻止某人做courage n.勇气banks actively encourage people to borrow money.银行积极鼓动人们贷款。夯实基础(1)用encourage的适当形式填空encouraged by the advances in technology，many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.it was encouraging that he recognized the dangers the company faced.i also had friends who gave me a great deal of encouragement.(2)he was encouraged by a friend to do business online and he has made a fortune.encouraged by a friend to do business online，he has made a fortune.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子) 2 lay v.放置；搁；下(蛋)；产(卵)应试指导形近词的变化形式lay sth.aside搁置；储蓄lay.off停止使用；解雇某人lay out安排；布置；设计you should lay aside your feelings when judging peoples abilities.判断一个人的能力时，应该把自己的感情放在一边。that factory laid off 1,000 workers.那家工厂解雇了1 000多名工人。图解助记特别提醒注意下列词形变化：laylaidlaidlaying放置；产卵lielaylainlying躺；位于lieliedliedlying撒谎夯实基础用lay，lie的适当形式填空(1)the boy lied that the white hen had laid a black egg and that he had laid it in the box which was lying under this bed.(2)mothers routinely lay babies on their backs to sleep.3 depend v.依赖；依靠应试指导交际用语it/that depends.的考查多词一义depend on，rely on，count ondepend on/upon依靠；取决于depend on sb.to do.依靠某人做depending on取决于depend on it that.指望；相信it/that (all) depends.视情况而定。the cooking time needed depends on the size of the potato.所需的烹饪时间取决于土豆的大小。he depended on his writing for his income.他靠写作赚取收入。夯实基础you can depend on him to help you.(1)you can depend on it that he will help you.(用it作形式宾语改写句子)(2)you can depend on his helping you.(用动名词改写句子)4 in time及时；终于(eventually)；迟早应试指导(1)in time的高级词汇为early or late，sooner or later(迟早)(2)at no time位于句首倒装 for the time being暂时 ahead of time提前take ones time别着急brian usually gets home in time to bath the children.布赖恩通常会及时赶回家给孩子们洗澡。夯实基础用time的相关短语填空(1)at no time did i feel they were being unreasonable.(2)i want to be home in time for tea.(3)youd better do one thing at a time，so that you can concentrate on it.(4)at one time，that kind of thing would have made me really angry.5 prevent.from.阻止；抑制多词一义prevent/stop/keep sb.from.，prohibit sb.from.阻止某人做keep sb.doing.使某人一直做protect sb.from.保护某人不受的侵袭further treatment will prevent cancer from developing.进一步的治疗将阻止癌症恶化。we recognized the possibility and took steps to prevent it happening.我们认识到了这种可能性，并且采取了一些预防措施。特别提醒上述短语中的from在被动语态中都不可省略。夯实基础语法填空(1)nothing would prevent him from speaking(speak) out against injustice.(2)the laws protect everyone here from being attacked(attack)6 cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋应试指导交际用语中的用法cheer sb.up使某人高兴cheer.on为加油cheerful adj.高兴的；快乐的cheers！干杯！cheer up！youre bound to succeed.打起精神来！你一定会成功的。i wrote that song just to cheer myself up.我写那首歌是给我自己打气的。夯实基础用cheer短语的适当形式填空(1)i think he misses her terribly.you might cheer him up.(2)most people would like to cheer on their favorite players.1 they were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earths atmosphere.最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。be to do有五层意义：(1)表示预定，“预定”，相当于be going to do。(2)表示义务，“应该”，相当于should。(3)表示可能，“会做”，相当于can/could。(4)表示命运，“注定”(通常用于过去时，描述过去的事实)。(5)用于if.were to do，引导对将来的虚拟语气。he is to return from germany tomorrow.他明天将从德国回来。you are to be back by 9 oclock.你要在9点以前回家。夯实基础(1)when are you to leave for home?你什么时候回家？(2)she is to be married next month.她将于下个月结婚。(3)you are to report to the police.你应该报警。2.i found i was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。倍数的表达方式：(1)倍数as.as.(2)倍数比较级than(3)倍数the size/height/length/width.of.(4)倍数what从句(5)倍数that of.beijing is ten times the size of my hometown.北京是我家乡的十倍大。in our county now the grain output is six times that of before liberation.现在我们县的粮食产量相当于解放前的六倍。夯实基础(1)the red ruler is three times as long as the yellow one.the red ruler is twice longer than the yellow one.(用“倍数比较级”改写句子)the red ruler is three times the length of the yellow one.(用“倍数then.of.”改写句子)(2)its said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was(以前的两倍大)3“oh dear，” i cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天啊，”我大声地说，“既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习。”now that既然，由于，是连词词组，引导原因状语从句，表示明显的原因或既成的事实。口语中that常可省略。其他表示原因的连词或介词短语：because因为(语气较重，常用于回答why的疑问)since因为；既然(可与now that互换),as因为(语气较弱)for因为(并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，表示进一步补充说明)due to，because of，on account of，owing to，thanks to，as a result of等now that the children have known the result，we can tell everyone else.既然孩子们已经知道结果了，我们就可以告诉其他人了。夯实基础语法填空(1)now that/since youre here，why not have a drink?(2)since it is late，i shall go home now.(3)the school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too large.(4)it must have rained last night，for the ground is wet.4单元语法用主语从句改写下列句子(1)she left him something that cut him to the heart.what she left him cut him to the heart.(2)something that seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.what seems easy to some people seems difficult to others.(3)is he coming or not？it is still uncertain.it is still uncertain whether he is coming or not.(4)why did he do it？it remains a mystery.why he did it remains a mystery.(5)something controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.it is pretty well understood.it is pretty well understood that something controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.高考题组.短文改错(2012浙江)two years before，i traveled to brazil and i rented for a car.unfortunate，i had an accident and hit another car，and i needed to stay in a hospital for at least two week.i called my parents，so i did not tell them what had happened.i knew that they will be worried about myself because i was so farther away，and that my mother would not sleep if she knew.therefore，i told them interested stories and how i was enjoying brazil.as a result，nobody knew truth.i still think that it was the right thing to do.答案two years ，i traveled to brazil and i rented for a car.，i had an accident and hit another car，and i needed to stay in a hospital for at least two .i called my parents， i did not tell them what had happened.i knew that they be worried about because i was so away，and that my mother would not sleep if she knew.therefore，i told them stories and how i was enjoying brazil.as a result，nobody knew truth.i still think that it was the right thing to do.写作常用句翻译1为了鼓励学生进行户外锻炼，我们学校在4月10日组织了一次爬山活动。(encourage)(2013江西书面表达)in order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise，our school organized a mountainclimbing on april 10.2所以，我没有及时抽出足够的时间给你写回信。(in time)(2013山东写作)therefore，i couldnt spare enough time to write you back in time.3沐浴在阳光中，我们高兴地又跳又叫。(cheer)(2013江西书面表达)bathed in the sunshine，we jumped and cheered with joy.4否则它会立刻失去平衡并最终撞向地面。(eventually)(2012上海书面表达)otherwise it will instantly lose its balance before eventually crashing into the ground.5再怎么感谢我们的老师都不过分。(too much)(2012广东读写任务)we can never thank our teachers too much.模拟题组.语法填空1if our parents do everything for us children，we wont learn to depend on ourselves.2there was a puzzled(puzzle) look on her face.3the meeting was held in a lively atmosphere where everybody felt free to share his ideas.4our city has experienced twice as much rain this year as it did last year.5now that youve got a chance，you might as well make full use of it.6the manager wants to see changes in the company，and i am sure he will in time.7grace doesnt want to move to new york because she thinks if she were to live(live) there，she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.8the limits of a persons intelligence，generally speaking，are fixed at birth，but whether he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.9china recently tightened its waters controls near the huangyan island to prevent chinese fishing boats from being attacked(attack) in the south china sea.10if they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city to be cheered(cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.单句改错1general speaking，he is a smart boy except his carelessness.generalgenerally2his 17th book will have published by the end of next month.have后加上been 3the river is so polluted that every day we can see a lot of things being floating on the water.去掉being4whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend whether this problem can be solved.depend后加on5if you put your heart into it，youll succeed on time.onin6as time going by, i began to realize what i did was wrong.aswith 或goingwent7the problem of pollution is worth paying attention.attention后加上to8this is such interesting a film that i have seen it twice.suchso9you shouldnt pay too much attention to your reading skill，as it is so important.shouldntcant10its no longer a question now that whether man can land on the moon.去掉whether.写作句式升级训练we created a harmonious atmosphere sincerely and faithfully.(素材来源于2014江西书面表达)it was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.(用含有withn.的强调句改写句子).阅读理解aone day，when i was a freshman in high school，i saw kyle from my class walking home from school.it looked like he was carrying all of his books.i thought to myself，“why would anyone bring home all his books on friday？he must really be a nerd(a foolish person)”i had quite a weekend planned，so i shrugged my shoulders and went on.as i was walking，i saw a bunch of kids running towards him.they knocked all his books out of his arms and tripped(绊倒) him so he landed in the dirt.his glasses went flying，and i saw them land in the grass about ten feet from him.he looked up and i saw this terrible sadness in his eyes.so，i jogged over to him and as he crawled around looking for his glasses，i saw a tear in his eye.as i handed him his glasses，i said，“those guys are jerks.they really should go to hell.”he looked at me and said，“hey，thanks！” there was a big smile on his face.it was one of those smiles that showed real thankfulness.i asked him where he lived.as it turned out，he lived near me.over the next four years，kyle and i became best friends.i teased him all the time about being a nerd.he had to prepare a speech for graduation.as he started his speech，he cleared his throat，and began.“graduation is a time to thank those who helped you make it through those tough years.i am here to tell you a story.”i just looked at my friend in disbelief as he told the story of the first day we met.he had planned to kill himself over the weekend.he talked of how he had cleaned out his locker so his mom wouldnt have to do it later and was carrying his stuff home.he looked hard at me and gave me a little smile.“thankfully，i was saved.my friend saved me from doing the unspeakable.”i heard the gasp(倒吸气) go through the crowd as this handsome，popular boy told us all about his weakest moment.i saw his mom and dad looking at me and smiling that same grateful smile.not until that moment did i realize its depth.1why did kyle carry all of his books home?abecause it was friday.bbecause he was a nerd.cbecause he wanted to kill himself.dbecause he liked doing things for his mother.答案c解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段尤其是第二句“he had planned to kill himself over the weekend.”可知，kyle之所以把所有的书搬回家是因为他想自杀。故选c。2which of the statements is true according to the passage?athe bunch of kids attacked kyle to have his glasses and books.bthe author planned to study all weekend after he met kyle.cthe author was a freshman when kyle gave the speech.dkyle felt grateful to the author for his help.答案d解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“thankfully，i was saved.my friend saved me from doing the unspeakable.”可知，kyle对作者的帮助十分感激。故选d。3what can we infer from the passage?awhen kyle couldnt find the glasses，he turned to the author for help.bthe author teased kyle a lot about being a nerd.cthe author didnt expect kyle to tell the story.dkyle thanked his parents first for saving his life.答案c解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“i just looked at my friend in disbelief as he told the story of the first day we met.”可知，作者难以置信地看着kyle讲着他们第一天见面的故事，由此推断作者没有料到kyle会讲这个故事。故选c。4what does the underlined word “them” in the 2nd paragraph refer to?athe kids. bkyles books.ckyles glasses. dkyles arms.答案c解析代词指代题。根据画线词所在句“his glasses went flying，and i saw them land in the grass about ten feet from him.”可知，them指代的是前面提到的his glasses。故选c。ba new jersey woman is waging a campaign to become the worlds heaviest living woman.donna simpson,42，weighs more than 600 pounds and aims to reach 1,000 pounds.the mother of two children，ages three and fourteen，models on a website called .where admirers and the curious can pay to watch videos of her eating junk foods or walking to the car.she has appeared in television interviews and said she welcomed media coverage.a guinness world records spokeswoman said donna simpson has submitted a claim for the title of worlds heaviest woman to give birth，a claim that is being reviewed.among the heaviest women ever recorded were one who reportedly weighed 1,800 pounds and another who reportedly weighed 1,200 pounds at the time of their deaths.donna simpson said she had received a book offer and wanted her own reality show，partly to give plussize women more confidence.she wears size xxxxxl clothes，which she buys mostly online.donna simpson has found a man who says he appreciates her size，and they plan to marry in hawaii this year.she says airlines are being accommodating of her need