1我的导师.doc

1我的导师来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。2. Why I TeachMy friend asked the question when I told him that I didnt want to be considered for an administrative position. He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “step up” toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: money and power.Certainly I dont teach because teaching is easy for me. For me, teaching is a red-eye, sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach profession. Nor do I teach because I think I know answers, or because I have knowledge I feel compelled to share. The world is full of right answers to bad questions.I teach because I enjoy finding ways of getting myself and my students out of the ivory tower and into the real world. Being a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay begins to breath. I teach because, being around people who are beginning to breathe, I occasionally find myself catching my breath with them.3在巴黎近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多， 于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。 在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会，冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼节。然而，法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开，只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片反倒显得有些勉强。法国人的名片讲究朴素大方，印制精美，但很少有镶金边儿的，闪光多色的或带香味儿的，名片上的字体纤细秀丽，本人的名字也不过分突出，整张纸片上空白很大， 毫无拥挤不堪的感觉。 4DreamsDreams have always held a universal fascination. Some primitive societies believe that the soul leaves the body and visits the scene of the dream. Generally, however, dreams are accepted to be illusion, having much in common with daydreams-the fantasies of our waking life. When dreaming, however, one tends to believe fully in the reality of the dream world, however inconsistent, illogical and odd it may be.Superstition and magical practices thrive on the supposed power of dreams to foretell the future. Instances of dreams which have later turned out to be predicting have often been recorded, some by men of the highest intellectual integrity. Although it is better to keep an open mind on the subject, it is true that the power of dreams to predict future events still remains unproved. Some of Freuds interpretations are extremely fanciful, but there is almost certainly some truth in his view that dreams express the subconscious mind.5祝福我给那些因为在近旁而极响的爆竹声惊醒, 看见豆一般大的黄色的灯火光, 接着又听得毕毕剥剥的鞭炮,是四叔家正在“祝福”了；知道已是五更将近的时候。我在朦胧中,又隐约听到远处的爆竹声连绵不断，似乎合成一天音响的浓云，加着团团飞舞的雪花, 拥抱了全镇。6. KinoAnd Kino drew back his arm and flung the pearl with all his might. Kino and Juana watched it go, winking and glimmering under the setting sun. They saw the little splash in the distance, and they stood side by side watching the place for a long time. And the pearl settled into the lovely green water and dropped towards the bottom. The waving branches of the algae called to it and beckoned to it. The lights on its surface were green and lovely. It settled down to the sand bottom among the fern-like plants. Above, the surface of the water was a green mirror. And the pearl lay on the floor of the sea. A crab scampering over the bottom raised a little cloud of sand, and when it settled, the pearl was gone.7乔羽钓鱼乔羽的歌大家都熟悉。但他另外两大爱好却鲜为人知，那就是钓鱼和喝酒。晚年的乔羽喜爱垂钓，他说：“有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的，好环境便会给人好心情。我认为最好的钓鱼场所不是舒适的、给你准备好饿鱼的垂钓园，而是那极其有吸引力的大自然野外天成的场所。” 钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。乔羽说：“钓鱼可分三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛在一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。” 8. Reagans Re-electionFour months before the Election Day, five men gathered in a small conference room at the Reagan-Bush headquarters and reviewed an oversize calendar that marked the remaining days of the 1984 presidential campaign. It was the last Saturday in June and at ten oclock in the morning the rest of the office was practically deserted. Even so, the men kept the door shut and the drapes carefully drawn. The three principals and their two deputies had come from around the country for a critical meeting. Their aim was to devise a strategy that would guarantee Ronald Reagans resounding reelection to a second term in the White House.It should have been easy. These were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ones to the Republican Party, men who understood presidential politics as well as any in the country. The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nations economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for a top-flight staff, travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills. Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America - a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government. 9拱北宾馆拱北宾馆位于拱比海关毗邻，构思源自秦代阿房宫，衬以现代建筑形式，是具有最完善设施之酒店。酒店内有一百零六座别墅，七座总统套房。濒临海湾，环境憩静，花园小径，绿草如茵。套房可供家庭式度假，团体入住，更有高级豪华双人房间。设备先进，服务周到，宾至如归。酒店内设有法国、波斯、埃及、西班牙、日本、英国、葡萄牙等贵宾厅，以其民族风格装饰，洋溢异国风情。10. Opera Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate societys power of choice. We can choose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.11. 科技馆中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不足， 后天也常缺乏营养，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。它在国际上已被公认为后起之秀 。世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果 。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者 。世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自 己细心体察。这样，他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆!它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处，设计制作了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和先进的科技成果。12The WarWhen Iraq invaded Kuweit, I was on a course of study in Taiwan. On the way home, my plane stopped off at Dhahran Airport for refueling. At that time the airport was silent and deserted. It is hard to believe that it is now at the center of a savage and brutal war.When the war began on January 18, the authorities believed that the multi-national force was irresistible and that the war would be short and swift. But now, the situation seems quite the reverse; the war is likely to take at least several months before it blows itself out.No matter how long the war lasts, it is undeniably a great tragedy. The region is now bristling with bombers, warships and soldiers. Saddam Hussein has already begun to make random bombing attacks on Israel and Saudi Arabia. He has even brazenly threatened to use missiles charged with biological or chemical warheads.Recently the problem of environmental pollution has emerged with the large oil slick that Saddam has intentionally created. This threatens all the wildlife in the area.Whether or not the Gulf War is a just war is a hotly debated question. Although most people agree with the deployment of soldiers in the region, a considerable number of people do not want Britain to get involved. Some believe that military might is the only way to force Saddam Hussein to withdraw from Kuwait. Yet others maintain that if only sanctions had been applied for a little longer, then this would have achieved the same result. Whatever the case may be, in my opinion, Europe and America should not have given up so hastily all hope of a peaceful settlement of the crisis.13. 跨国企业 跨国企业，也称跨国公司，是当今国际舞台上的主要角色之一。它们的世界性经营活动已经成为各国之间贸易、投资和技术流动格局的决定力量。跨国企业体系在世界经济中的地位日益重要，以至不认识跨国企业在全球范围内发挥的生产者、投资者、贸易商和创新者的作用，就无法理解世界经济。各国政府也必须认真对待这股力量，因为它对各国的生产、就业、贸易和国际收支的影响十分巨大。而且，许多国家的政府把跨国企业视为一种政治威胁，体现一个受设在别国总部控制的公司对自己国土的入侵。甚至在美国，拥有一半以上世界上最大的跨国企业的国家，跨国企业也受到劳工组织和其他保护主义团体日益增加的攻击，指责它们输出就业机会和技术，危害了美国经济。19世纪后期，跨国企业就已经出现在世界经济舞台上。但是我们今天所了解的跨国企业却是在本世纪50年代和60年代以前所未有的速度发展起来的。在50、60 年代，通讯和交通奇迹般的改善、国际贸易和支付的大规模自由化，使得跨国企业能够在全球范围内从事经营活动。14Some Special Terms in International TradeExport transactions based on the contract of sale usually embody such trade terms as the F.O.B and C.I. clause. Such terms call for attention.These trade terms have been developed by international mercantile custom and to a certain extent standardized. They are in universal use in international transactions both in state-planned economy and in free market. They are sometimes interpreted differently in various countries. For example, in the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth, “F.O.B” is understood as meaning “F.O.B vessel”. In the American practice “F.O.B” has become a general delivery term, if used in the form “F.O.B. place of destination”, even denotes free delivery at that place. Therefore, the equivalent to the English meaning of “F.O.B” is the American term “F.O.B. vessel”.In order to avoid a misunderstanding with his overseas buyer, the exporter should make clear the meaning of a special trade term which he intends to adopt.To achieve this aim, when referring to a trade term, he may ass explicitly what he understands by it, or he may adopt one of the standard sets of export trade terms such as Incoterms suggested by the International Chamber of Commerce.15 产品广告产品广告是用来推销一种或多种经过鉴定并被确认的产品的广告形式。这种广告通常突出产品的优良品质，令人满意的特性或价格等。在产品广告这一大类中又分为开拓型，选择型、大众型、分类型和合作型几类广告。开拓型广告目的在于刺激消费者对某类商品的兴趣和欲求。这类商品往往是初次打入市场的新产品和寻求扩大销路的名牌产品。选择型广告一般为消费者指明该买哪一种特定商标的产品。大众广告适合一般消费者的口味。而分类广告则为某些特殊阶层服务，如个体代销员和大学生。如果产品广告费用由制造商和中间人共同承担，则被称为合作型广告。 16 InsurancesIt is customary to insure goods against the risks of the journey. These risks include collision, leakage, pilferage, fire and storm etc. if goods are properly insured; neither the exporter nor the customer suffers any loss. The passing of risk should be arranged properly between the buyer and the seller to avoid possible misunderstanding with regards to the responsibility of both parties. Theoretically speaking, the exporter insures the goods up to the point where the goods pass over the ships rail and the buyer takes responsibility from then on in F.O.B.contract. However, in practice, the customer usually buys insurance to cover the whole journey in F.O.B., F.A.S.contracts from the exporters warehouse to the final destination. The term “marine insurance” can sometimes be extended to protect the assured against losses on inland waters or land. In export trade, it is a common practice to arrange an extended marine insurance to cover not only the sea voyage but also the transportation of goods from the warehouse of the seller to the port of dispatch, and from the port of arrival to the warehouse of the overseas buyers.