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四层楼电梯自动控制系统的设计【5张CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩优秀】

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四层楼电梯自动控制系统的设计【全套CAD图纸+毕业论文】【答辩优秀】.rar

四层楼电梯自动控制系统的设计

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关键词：: 四层楼电梯自动控制系统设计全套 cad 图纸毕业论文答辩优秀优良

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毕业设计说明书目录

第一章引言 …………………………………………………………………………2

第二章设计要求 ……………………………………………………………………2

第三章设计方案 ……………………………………………………………………3

第四章硬件设计 ……………………………………………………………………5

4.1 单片机 …………………………………………………………………5

4.2 各楼层电梯间电路 ……………………………………………………9

4.3 电梯间电路 …………………………………………………………12

4.4 控制台电路 ……………………………………………………………13

4.5 单片机电路 ……………………………………………………………16

4.6 电路PCB图 ……………………………………………………………17

第五章软件设计 …………………………………………………………………19

5.1 简易控制方案 …………………………………………………………19

5.2 进一步控制方案 ………………………………………………………22

5.2.1 控制逻辑流程图 ………………………………………………22

5.2.2 说明 ……………………………………………………………25

5.2.3 参考程序 ………………………………………………………26

第六章软硬件系统的调试 ………………………………………………………31

6.1 软件调试 ………………………………………………………………31

6.2 硬件调试 ………………………………………………………………32

第七章结束语 ……………………………………………………………………33

毕业设计总结 …………………………………………………………………34

参考文献 ………………………………………………………………………36

电梯控制系统模型

摘要:本论文主要介绍的是电梯自动控制模型，硬件部分我们使用的是单片机及外围电路组成高度为四层楼的电梯控制系统。单片机采用AT89C51，晶体振荡器选6MHz，C51、C52为30uF瓷片电容与晶体振荡器形成时钟电路。电容C53、电阻R51、R52和按键RESET构成上电复位和手动复位电路。软件部分采用了两种控制方案,简易控制方案只是简单的电梯上升下降,在各楼层短暂停留。而进一步控制方案则考虑各楼层的信号请求，以完成各楼层的升降控制。该系统具有工作稳定，操作简单等优点。

关键词:电梯, AT89C51单片机，共阴极数码管，CD4511译码器，发光二极管

第一章引言

据国外有关资料介绍,公元前2800年在古代埃及,为了建筑当时的金字塔,曾使用过由人力驱动的升降机械。公元1765年瓦特发明了蒸汽机之后,1858年美国研制出以蒸汽为动力,并通过皮带转动和蜗轮减速装置驱动的电梯。1878年英国的阿姆斯特郎发明了水压梯。并随着水压梯的发展,淘汰了蒸汽梯。后来又出现了采用液压泵和控制阀以及直接柱塞式和侧柱塞式结构的液压梯,这种掖压梯至今仍为人们所采用。但是，电梯得以兴盛发展的原因在于采用了电力作为动力来源.。在20世纪初,美国奥梯斯电梯公司首先使用直流电动机作为动力,生产出以槽轮式驱动的直流电梯,从而为今天的高速度,高行程电梯的发展奠定了基础。20世纪30年代美国纽约市的102层摩天大楼建成,美国奥梯斯电梯公司为这座大楼制造和安装了74台速度为6.0M\S的电梯。从此以后,电梯这个产品,一直在日新月异的发展着.目前电梯产品,不但规格品种多,自动化强,而且安全可靠,乘坐舒服.近几年来,随着电子工业的发展,微处理机和电子计算机已成功的应用到电梯的电气控制系统中去,采用无触点元件的电梯电气控制系统已开始批量生产。

第二章设计要求

采用AT89C51单片机及外围电路组成高度为四层楼的电梯控制系统。

电梯内电路由FS1、FS2、FS3和FS4四个发光二极管作为指示灯，电梯模型上电后，电梯的起始位置为一楼，等待控制台Start按键按下，数码管显示“1”。当Start按键按下后，电梯开始向上运动，控制台的上升指示灯UP亮。2s后到达二楼，数码管显示“2”并在二楼停留5s，然后继续上升。每层楼停留5s，直到四楼。在四楼停留5s后开始下降，控制台的指示灯DOWN亮。每层楼停5s，直到一楼。然后重复上述过程。如果在一个上下循环中按下过Stop键,电梯下降到一楼后停止工作。直到再次按下Start键后重新恢复工作

全部文件.gif

A0-电气原理图.gif

A2-主程序流程图.gif

A3-定时器T1中断程序流程.gif

A3-简易方案系统工作原理框图.gif

A3-进一步控制系统工作原理框图.gif

内容简介：: 外文资料翻译The flexible manufacturing systemThe flexible manufacturing system(FMS) train points to have the high manufacturing system of the automation degree.The FMS speak about usually means in the lot size, batch size machining of metals currently with the forerunners automation and Gao level of flexible is the manufacturing system of target.Along with society to product diversification, the low manufacturing cost and short manufacturing periods etc.s need be gradually urgent, the FMS deveolps very and quickly, and because of micro-electronics technique, calculator technique, correspondence technique, machinery and the development of controlgear, also urge flexible manufacturing technique day attain mature, in 80s after, the manufacturing industry automation gets into for a brand-new ages, namely according to calculator of integrated manufacturing(CIMS) ages, the FMS has become the national machinery manufacturing of each industrialization to automate of develop and deveolp point. A, scale Press the scale all of the FMSs can be is divided into as follows 4 types: 1.Flexible Manufacturing Cellular(FMC) The FMC publish and use to invite ratio FMS night in the manufacturing for 68 years, it is processed a centre, industrial robot by 12 and counts to control engine bed and material carrying to save to store equipments composing and have an adaptation to process have another species product of vivid.The FMC can be regarded as a FMS with minimum scale, is a FMS to cheap turn and small scaled turn direction development and a kind of outcome, its characteristics is to carry out single machine flexible turn and automate, have already get into up to the present universal application step. 2.Flexible Manufacturing System(FMS) Usually include 4 or more full-automatic numbers to control engine bed(process centre and truning centre etc.), from concentrate the handling system of control system and material to connect, can under the sistuation that not shut down realization have another species, in process of small lot size, batch size and manage. 3.Flexible Manufacturing Line(FML) It is be placed in the quantisty not- flexible and automatic line of single or little species large quantity with medium small lot size, batch size have another of species FMS of manufacturing line.It processes an equipments and can be an in general use earth, ground to process a centre, CNC engine bed;May also adopt definite purpose engine bed or NC definite purpose engine bed, have low request at the FMS to the system flexible earth, ground of the material handling, but the rate of manufacturing be higher.It with the long-lost type produce medium flexible manufacturing system with connect the control system(DCS) of the dispersion type within manufacturing line is representative, its characteristics is to carry out manufacturing line flexible turn and automate, its technique already the day attain mature, have already got into application to turn step up to the present. 4.Flexible Manufacturing Factory(FMF) The FMF connects several FMSs, go together with to automate stereoscopic storehouse, use the progress contact of the calculator system, adoption from order, design, process, assemble, examine, deliver to hair goods of complete FMS.It included CAD/CAM, and make calculator integrated to make system(CIMS) devotion physically, realization manufacturing the system be flexible to turn and automate and then carry out whole plant the manufacturing control, product of the scope to process and the material store completely turn of the luck progress.The FMF is the tallest level that the automation produce and the reflection is most born the top of the boundary the forerunners automation application a technique.It is manufacturing, product development and management the automation of management connect into one whole, with information stream control substance stream of intelligence manufacturing system(IMS) is representative, its characteristics is to carry out works flexible turn and automate. Two, key technique 1.Computer Aided Design, CAD The CAD technique development will lead into the expert system in the future, make it have intelligence to turn, can treat various complicated question.At present design a latest of the technique breakthrough is that the light is quick stereoscopic forming technique, that the new technique be directly to make use of CAD data and pass a computer control of laser scanning system, be divided into some lamellas:3D numerical pattern a two-dimensional flake form sketch, and press the two-dimensional flake form sketch to carry on an optics scanning to the quick resin liquid surface of the light in the bath, is scan of the liquid surface then becomes curing plastics, thus circularly operate, pursue lamella to scan to take shape, and of oneself glue the each flake form curing plastics that the delamination take shape to match together and only need certain data, then can make a prototype of precision in few hours.It contributes to quickly developping new product and developping the speed of new structure. 2.Fuzzy control technique The actual application of misty mathematics is a fuzzy control machine.The high performance fuzzy control apparatus which develops recently has from the study function, can in the process of control in continuously obtain a new information and of oneself make an adjustment to the control quantisty, make system function greatly in order to improve, among them particularly with according to artificial neural net, artificial neural network, ANN of self-educated method cause people tremendous concern more. 3.Artificial intelligence, expert system and intelligence transducer technique Up to the present, the artificial intelligence adopt mostly points according to the expert system of rule in the FMS.The expert system makes use of expert knowledge and reasons logically rule progress a reasoning and solve each kind of question.(like explanation, predict, diagnose, check to seek a fault, failure, design, plan, keep watch on, repair, command and control etc.)Because expert system can simplely the theory of various fact and experience certificate super - with pass the knowledge of experience acquisition to combine together, as a result the expert system intensified for the FMS various aspect operate gentle.Prospect a future, with knowledge intensively is characteristic, with the knowledge treat for the artificial intelligence(include expert system) technique of way necessarily will have in the FMS(particularly intelligence type) decisive action.The artificial intelligence is in the future FMS lieutenant general exertive gradually important action.Used for various technique in the FMS currently, anticipate to there is the artificial intelligence of the is still of development prospect most .Anticipate till the beginning of 21 centuries, the artificial intelligence is in the FMS of applied scale will compare currently greatly 400%.The intelligence manufacturing technique(IMT) aim is in the process of integrating the artificial intelligence into the manufacturing each link, ask for help of intelligence of imitate the expert movable, replace or extend a manufacturing environment parts of mental works of the middleman.In the process of make, the system can automatically monitor it to circulate condition, while be subjected to the external world or inner excitation energy the automatic regulation its parameter with attain the best operating state, have self-organization ability.The past IMT is called make of the coming 21 centurieses technique.To the future intelligence turn 1 that the FMS has important meaning is an intelligence transducer in the realm of rapid development now technique.The items technique accompanies with the technique of calculator application and artificial intelligence but creation and it makes the transducer have insidedecision function. 4.Artificial neural net, artificial neural network, ANN technique The artificial neural net, artificial neural network, ANN(ANN) is a kind of method that the neural net, neural network which imitates intelligence living creature proceeds together to treat to the information progress.The past artificial neural net, artificial neural network, ANN is also a kind of artificial intelligence tool.At the automatic control realm, the neural net, neural network soon will be be juxtaposed in expert system and fuzzy control system and become a modern from pay to turn a composition division in the system. Three, deveolp trend The 1. FMCs will become the popular technique which deveolps and applieds This is because the FMC investment is much less than the FMS but the economic performance connect near, be applicable to the financial power limited medium small scaled business enterprise more.Numerous foreign plant house lists as FMC to deveolp currently of heavy. 2.Deveolp the efficiency higher FML Have another species large quantity the manufacturing business enterprise of the quantisty such as workses such as autocar and tractor etc. to FML of the need caused biggest pay attention to of the FMS manufactery.Adopt the price cheap definite purpose number controls engine bed to act for a process of general purpose a centre and will be a FML development trend. 3.The dynasty multi-function direction deveolp From the simplicity process the type FMS develops further to weld, assemble, inspection and Ban material process is to manufacturing work prefaces, such as Zhu and Duan.etc. and have of various function FMSs. The FMS is a realization future novel concept mode and new development trend of the works, decide to make raise of the strategic meaning of the have of prospect of the business enterprise future development Cuo.The FMS which reflects the works whole level currently is number generation FMS, in 90s this kind condition still will keep on next go to, Japan comes into force from 1991 ofintelligence manufacturing system(IMS) be international to develop item and belong to the next generation FMS;But real perfect next generation FMSs anticipate would carry out to 21 centuries.Then, the intelligence turns machinery and the persons and will blend mutually and gentlely moderates completely from accept order goods to produce, sale this business enterprise produce the full activity of management. Since the mid 80s, the FMS acquisition fast fierce development, almost became manufacturing automation of hot spot.On the other hand is because the single-item technique,such as NC, processes the development of centre, industrial robot, CAD/CAM, resources management and high technique etc. and provided to can be provided to integrate a technique foundation of whole system;On the other hand, the world market took place a graveness change, from past tradition, opposite stabilization of market, the development much changes into the dynamic state of the market , for begging existence and begging a development from the market

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