考研词汇一词多义.doc

accordvt.使符合The mayor will try to accord the controversy over the housing scheme.市长试图调解住房规划方面的争议。vi.相一致His actions accord with his words.他言行一致。vt.给予We accorded him a hearty welcome.我们给他热忱的欢迎。n.同意The two countries reached an accord.两国达成一致。n.自愿He came to see you of his own accord.他自愿来看你。The children returned on their own accord.孩子们自己回来了。词汇课堂重现：accord是一个很高频的单词，它的及物动词含义有三个使符合，给予，赠与；不及物动词含义是“相一致”；名词含义有“同意”、“和解”、“妥协”、“自愿”等等，其中最核心的意思应该是“相一致”（His opinion accorded with mine.），“给予”，“赠与”指的是某人的所作所为符合我的想法或者符合社会制度将会被授予奖赏（We accorded him a hearty welcome.），其它几个意思也不难统一。这个核心意思还可以用词根来解释，拉丁语中cor表示“心”，引申出词根cord与“心”相关，心脏的跳动要与一个人的心境和生存状态相符合。派生词core表示“核心”，concord表示名词词性的“和谐”，discord表示名词词性的“不一致”，record表示再一次通过心想起于是要“记录”下来，还有vocal cords是声带的意思，courage表示通过心灵展现出来的“勇气”，cordial表示使心跳加速“热情的，友好的”和“兴奋剂”的意思。如果遇到含义之间毫无联系的单词，比如intrigue表示“阴谋”和“激起兴趣”，记住更加常用的“激起兴趣”这个意思就足够了（Hibernation has long intrigued biologists.）。accountn.账户The accounts are perfectly in order.帐目有条不紊。n.解释He gave a vivid account of his life as a fighter pilot.他生动地描绘了作为战斗机飞行员的生活。vi.解释How do you account for losing five games in a row?你如何解释一连输了五场比赛？A number of explanations have been offered to account for this dilemma.很多原因被用来解释这一两难境地。vi.导致The New York Times, which reaches a national audience, accounts for one billion dollars in advertisement revenue annually.覆盖全国范围的纽约时报能产生每年十亿美元的广告收入。addressn.地址 vt.写地址The letter was addressed to the wrong house.这封信写错了地址。vt.与说话He addressed her with high compliment.他对她说了很多恭维的话。n.演讲 vt.演讲The mayor gave a television address yesterday evening.市长昨晚做了电视演讲。vt.提出If your friend did something wrong, you should always address a warning to him.如果你的朋友做错了什么，你应当时常向他提出警告。vt.处理The manager addressed the issue of absenteeism.经理处理了旷工事宜。adoptvt.收养She was left an orphan and a poor peasant woman adopted her.她成了孤儿，一位贫农妇女收养了她。vt.采纳The king was forced to adopt a new constitution which reduced his powers.国王被迫采用了削弱其权力的新宪法。He has been assiduous in learning his adopted language.他一直很努力地学习外语。appealn.恳求，呼吁He made one last appeal to his father to forgive him.他最后一次恳求父亲宽恕他。Their appeal for help went unheeded.他们请求帮助的呼吁未受到关注。n.求助An appeal to his uncle was his last resort.向他叔叔求助是他最不愿意的办法。n.上诉His appeal to a higher court was set aside.他的上诉被驳回。n.吸引力Films of that sort have lost their appeal for children.那种电影对孩子们已经没有吸引力了。v.恳求，呼吁The police appealed to the crowd not to panic.警方向群众呼吁不要惊慌。The community is appealing to everyone to save water.社区呼吁每个人节约用水。v.求助The sinking ship appealed to the rescue team for help.沉船向抢救队求助。We will appeal to a great variety of source of information.我们将求助于各种资料信息来源。v.上诉She will appeal against the judges decision.她要对法官的判决提出上诉。v.吸引His sense of humour appealed to her enormously.他的幽默感把她强烈地吸引住了。appreciatevt.欣赏I really appreciate his complete absorption in his work.我很欣赏他对工作的极度专注。I have determined to learn photography in order that I may better appreciate the beauty of nature.我决定学习摄影以便能更好地欣赏自然的美。They failed to appreciate significance of the precautions.他们没有意识到这些预防措施的重要性。vt.感谢I deeply appreciate your concern.我非常感激你的关心。vi.增值My house has appreciated by 60% in the last two years.过去的两年中我的房子增值了百分之六十。apprehensionn.理解The matter is beyond my apprehension.这件事我无法理解。n.忧虑He looked around the room with apprehension.他焦虑地环视房间。approachn.接近High walls forbid all approach.高墙遮断，难以接近。n.方法We will be exploring different approaches to gathering information.我们将探索收集信息的不同方法。v.接近He still has no courage to approach her.他仍没有勇气接近她。There is no one who even approaches his talents.目前还没有谁的能力能与他媲美。appropriateadj.合适的We should take appropriate measures to advance our teaching.我们应当采取合适的措施提高教学质量。vt.擅自挪用No one is allowed to appropriate state property to himself.谁也不许侵占国家财富。argumentn.争论He handled a difficult argument skilfully.他巧妙地应付了一场艰难的争论。n.理由This argument, however, does not hold water.然而这个理由是站不住脚的。attributen.特征The crown is an attribute of kingship.皇冠是王位的象征。Darkness is an attribute of night, as brightness is that of day.黑暗是夜晚的特征，正如光明是白天的特征一样。vt.把归因于Most historians attribute such declines to wars and conquests.大多数历史学家把这样的衰亡归因于战争和征服。Some scientists attribute intelligence to ants.有些科学家认为蚂蚁有智力。It is absurd to attribute to mere external conditions.仅仅用外部环境解释一切是荒谬的。barelyadv.仅仅I had barely started speaking when he interrupted me.我刚刚开始讲话他便打断了我。adv.几乎不She could barely remember the ride to the hospital.她几乎记不起来怎么去的医院。bearvt.容忍I cannot bear young people casting away their youth.我无法容忍年轻人虚度青春。vt.怀有We all bear collective responsibility for this decision.我们大家共同承担这项决定的责任。vt.生育He was born to an affluent family.他出生在富裕人家。They will bud, blossom and bear fruit.它们将萌芽、开花和结果。capacityn.能力Chinas grain production capacity has improved.中国的粮食生产能力提高了。n.容量What is the capacity of this jug?这个水壶的容积多大?casen.事例Talk of wasting money, her buying that car is a case in point.谈到浪费钱财，她买这台车就是个恰当的例子。n.情况In your case, we are prepared to be lenient.根据你的情况，我们予以从宽处理。causen.原因Police are investigating the causes of the explosion.警方正在调查爆炸的原因。n.事业You must have had infinite faith in your cause.你必定对你的事业充满了无限的信念。vt.导致The American economic system has caused many companies to go bankrupt.美国的经济体制导致很多公司破产。charactern.性格He is remembered for the nobility of his character.他因品质高尚被人怀念。Perhaps there is a negative side to his character that you havent seen yet.或许他性格中不好的一面你还没有看见。n.特征The state farms were semi-military in character.国有农场从性质上讲是半军事的。Individuality is a valued and inherent part of the nations character.个性鲜明是国民被看重的和固有的特点。n.角色I never saw a character so thoroughly hit off .我从没看见过一个人物被描写得如此淋漓尽致。n.汉字There is an affinity between Chinese and Japanese character.中文和日文汉字之间有密切联系。chargen.责任As group leader, you should take charge.身为组长，你应该负起责任。vt.充满He forgot to charge the battery.他忘记给电池充电了。vt.收费Please charge these bills to my account.请把帐记在我的账单上。vt.指责The suspect was charged with murdering his wife.犯罪嫌疑人被控诉谋杀他的妻子。commissionn.委员会The report was submitted to the commission for consideration.这份报告已呈报委员会审批。n.佣金The salesmen work on commission only.销售人员只根据销售量提取佣金。commitv.犯They committed outrages on innocent citizens.他们对无辜的市民犯下了暴行。v.投身He didnt commit himself to anything.他没对任何事做任何承诺。concernn.忧虑There is a growing public concern over the spread of the disease.公众对疾病的蔓延日益担忧。vt.涉及It was just a little unfinished business from my past, and it doesnt concern you at all.这只是我过去的一点未了之事，与你没有任何关系。I believe he was concerned in all those matters you mention.我认为你提到的那些事都与他有关。vt.关心Local industry should concern itself with local needs.地方工业应关心本地的需求。We concerned ourselves with accomplishing the task at hand.我们非常担忧目前这项任务的完成工作。Academics and employers are deeply concerned that students are not sufficiently prepared mathematically for university courses.学生掌握的数学知识不足以应付大学课程，这让大学老师和用人单位非常担心。contentn.内容Teaching content should be concise.教学内容要少而精。adj.满足的I am very content withmy life at present.我对目前的生活心满意足。contractn.合同Several companies will bid for the contract.数家公司要投标争取合约。v.收缩The heat contracted the woollen garment.高温让羊毛衣缩小了。v.招致He has contracted the habit of talking to himself.他养成了自言自语的习惯。conveyvt.传达，运输This train conveys both passengers and goods.这趟列车客货均载。vt.表达I find it hard to convey my feelings in word.我觉得难以用言语表达我的感情。coursen.课程She took a course in philosophy.她选修了一门哲学课程。n.过程Events took their natural course.事态依自然进程发展。We shall now describe the course of this change.现在我们就来说明这种变化的过程。n.行动方向Our course was straight to the north.我们是朝正北方向航行。n.一道菜Fish was the last course that day.鱼是那天最后一道菜。creditn.信用Banks will be stingier with credit.银行的信用额度会变小。n.赊欠You can ask a dealer for a discount whether you pay cash or buy on credit.无论是付现还是赊购，都可以要求经销商打折。The statement of total debits and credits is known as a balance.总借记和总贷记的结算即账户余额。n.学分This course carries three credits.这门课程有三个学分。declinev.向下倾斜The wall declined slightly on account of the earthquake.墙因地震而倾斜。v.婉拒I must regretfully decline your kind invitation.我很抱歉必须拒绝你的盛情邀请。v.衰退He spent his declining years in the country.他在乡间度过晚年。n.衰退There is a sharp decline in unemployment.失业率急剧下跌。The decline in vigor with the passing of time is called ageing.随着时间流逝的活力衰退叫做衰老。desperateadj.绝望的As the supply of food ran out, people became desperate.随着食品供应的耗尽，人们变得绝望。After her parents death, she felt a desperate loneliness particularly deep at night.她的父母去世后她感到了绝望般的孤独，尤其是在深夜。adj.铤而走险的，孤注一掷的We could hear their desperate cries for help.我们可以听到他们绝望的呼救。The fashion industry is always desperate to innovate.时尚界总是不知疲倦地创新。For those fresh out of university, desperate for work but unable to get it, there is a big imbalance between supply and demand.对于那些刚刚毕业，极其渴望工作但得不到工作的大学生来说，供应和需求之间有巨大的不平衡。A desperate man will stop at nothing to get what he wants.一个孤注一掷的人会不惜一切代价得到他想要的东西。disciplinen.训练It takes years of discipline to become a pianist.要成为钢琴家需要经过多年训练。n.纪律He has stressed discipline and control.他强调维持秩序和纪律。n.学科Applied linguistics is a new and independent discipline.应用语言学是一门新兴的独立学科。dismissvt.解雇If you are late again, you will be dismissed.如果你再迟到，你将被解雇。vt.解散The teacher dismissed the class five minutes earlier.老师提前五分钟下课。vt.拒绝We should dismiss all thought of revenge.我们应该摈弃一切报复的念头。domesticadj.家庭的He was called out to attend a domestic dispute.他被叫出去解决一场家庭纠纷。adj.国内的We adopt an active attitude towards drawing on overseas fund to make up for domestic fund shortage.我们采取积极的态度吸引海外资金以弥补国内资金短缺。draftn.草稿 vt.起草He drew a draft of the car.他画了一张汽车的草图。Who will draft the indictment?谁将起草起诉状？n.选拔 vt.选拔That years draft was the largest ever.那年的征兵规模是最大的。John was drafted into the Army last year.约翰去年被应征入伍。employvt.雇佣You must employ someone to oversee the project.你必须雇一个人监督这一工程。vt.使用Different artists employ different painting techniques.不同的画家会使用不同的绘画技巧。evolvev.发展He has evolved a new theory after many years of research.他经过多年的研究，逐渐形成了新的理论。In marriage, if women do not evolve, men definitely will change.婚姻中如果女人不进步，男人一定会变。v.进化Why did humans evolve to walk upright?人类为何进化到直立行走的姿态？exercisen./v.练习，锻炼I suggest you go on a diet and take more exercise.我建议你节食并多做运动。v.使用You should learn how to exercise self-control.你要学会运用自制力。You can exercise your right as a citizen.你可以行使公民权利。exertvt.施加You have to exert more efforts if you want to catch up with your classmates.你要想赶上你的同学的话就得多花些功夫。His teachings still exert a strong influence.他的教导仍在产生巨大影响。vt.运用Do not exert yourself unnecessarily.不要做无谓的努力。exploitvt.充分利用You must exploit all your spare time to learn English.你必须利用一切空闲时间来学习英语。vt.剥削，压榨The capitalists exploit the workers in order to maximize profits.资本家剥削工人是为了使利润最大化。n.功绩Great men are remembered for their notable exploits.伟人们因其丰功伟绩而被世人铭记。The daring exploits of the soldiers were much admired.战士们的英勇行为令人赞叹不已。fieldn.土地Many farmers are working in the fields.许多农民在田里干活。n.战场We never defeated them on the field of battle.我们从未在战场上打败过他们。n.领域He has become famous in his own field.他在自己的领域里已经出名了。graven.坟墓You are just digging your own grave if you go on smoking so heavily.你继续这样过度吸烟，就是在自掘坟墓。adj.重大的They have gravely impaired the credibility of the government.他们严重地损害了政府的信誉。grossadj.总的Maintaining an average gross margin of 25 percent is very realistic.坚持平均毛利率为百分之二十五是非常现实的。adj.粗俗的You can tell from her gross language that the girl was uneducated.从她粗俗的语言可以看出这个人没受过教育。groundn.地面The expedition covered a lot of ground.探险队到过很多地方。n.理由On what ground do you say that it is true?你根据什么说它是真的？Boredom is not a ground for divorce.日久生厌不能成为离婚的理由。It said that they were all trying to find the common ground.据说他们都在努力找到共同立场。implementn.工具The implement is useful for many purposes in the kitchen.这个工具在厨房里有许多用途。vt.执行Her designs will be put on ice until money is available to implement them.她的设计将暂时搁起来，等有了资金再去实施。The government is implementing a new policy to help the unemployed.政府正在实施一项新的帮助失业者的政策。The committees decisions will be implemented immediately.委员会的决定将立即执行。industryn.工业The electricity industry consumes large amounts of fossil fuels.电力工业消耗大量的矿物燃料。n.行业This decision could have serious consequences for the industry.这项决定可能对该行业造成严重后果。n.勤奋Industry and thrift favor success.勤劳和节俭有助于成功。Industry and frugality are the inherent qualities of the Chinese nation.勤劳俭朴是中华民族的本色。intelligencen.智力She is the equal of her brother as far as intelligence is concerned.论智力，她和她哥哥不相上下。n.情报Our intelligence shows that the enemy is advancing.我们的情报显示敌人正在向前推进。interestn.兴趣The exhibition has stimulated interest in her work.展览促进了人们对她作品的兴趣。Their failure to act is indicative of their lack of interest.他们未采取任何行动，他们没有兴趣。n.利益We all have an interest in maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.在维持生态系统完整方面我们有共同的利益。n.利息Lowering interest rates could have disastrous consequences for the economy.降低利率可能给经济带来灾难性后果。interpretv.解释She interpret his silence as arrogance.她把他的沉默解释为傲慢。v.口译We need somebody to interpret from Russian into English.我们需要一个把俄语口译为英语的人。issuen.议题The issue provoked controversy.这个议题引起了争论。Public opinion has polarized on this issue.在这个问题上公众意见已呈两极化。vt.发行Ive been reading a report issued today produced jointly by three organizations.我一直在阅读今天发布的由三个机构联合监制的报告。liableadj.负责任的He declared that he was not liable for his wifes debts.他宣称对妻子的债务不负责。adj.易于的A feeble attempt is liable to fail.愚蠢的尝试多半是要失败的。Failure to pay your taxes will make you liable to prosecution.不缴纳税款可能被起诉。literallyadv.字面地，逐字地Dont read the report literally, just skim through it.不要逐字读报告，大致看一下就可以了。Idioms usually cannot be translated literally in another language.成语通常不能照字面译成另一种语言。adv.确切地Dont take my remarks literally.别把我的话当真。There are people in the world who literally do not know how to boil water.世界上确实有连水都不会烧的人。marginn.边界The little boy likes to make notes in the margin of books.小男孩喜欢在书页空白边上做笔记。We came to the margin of the wood.我们来到树林的边缘。n.盈余Our pricing policy aims at producing a 35% gross margin.我们的定价政策目的在于赢得百分之三十五的毛利率。massn.大量，众多，集合After harvest we will have a mass of rice.秋收后我们将获得大量稻谷。Football stars seem larger-than-life to the mass of fans.在众多的球迷看来，足球明星是十分杰出的。n.质量Astronomers know that Pluto and Triton have nearly the same size, mass, and density.天文学家知道冥王星与海卫一拥有几乎相同的体积、质量与密度。mastern.主人，雇主，家长，大师The dog remained faithful to his master.这条狗始终忠于它的主人。adj.精通的Her father was a master carpenter.她父亲是个手艺高的木匠。vt.精通He learned to master her anger.他学会了控制自己不发火。mattern.物质Matter can change from one state to another.物质能从一种状态变成另一种状态。n.事件I dont talk with my boss about my private matters.我不和我的老板谈私事。She reluctantly agreed to let the matter drop.她勉强同意这事到此为止。vi.要紧As long as you are happy, it doesnt matter what you will do.只要你高兴，你干什么都不要紧。meansn.方法If other means fail we shall resort to force.如果其他手段均告失败，我们将诉诸武力。n.金钱The price has gone beyond our means.价格已超出了我们的收入。Her tastes and her means dont jump together.她的品味和她的收入很不相称。modestadj.谦虚的We should be modest and prudent.我们应该谦虚谨慎。adj.端庄的Young girls must be modest in speech, dress and behavior.年轻姑娘必须言词谨慎，衣着得体，行为端庄。adj.适度的I bought the house at a modest price.我以适中的价格买下了这所房子。She continued to lead a quiet and modest life.她仍然过着安静、有节制的生活。noveln.小说The novel is considered a brilliant performance.这部小说被认为是出色的佳作。adj.新奇的Protesters found a novel way of demonstrating against steeply rising oil prices.抗议者找到了抗议油价飞涨的新方法。oddadj.奇怪的His formal clothes made him the odd one out in the club.他衣冠楚楚，在俱乐部中鹤立鸡群。adj.奇数的Illustrations are on even pages and tables are on odd pages.插图在偶数页，表格在奇数页。objectn.物体His sole object in life is to earn as much money as possible.他生命的唯一目标是尽可能地挣更多的钱。n.宾语If it is a transitive verb, what is its object?如果是及物动词，它的宾语是什么？v.反对I objected that he was too young for the job.我反对的理由是他太年轻，不适合做那份工作。In the final analysis, I object to the proposal.归根结底，我反对这个建议。obligevt.强制The law obliges the government to release certain documents to the public.法律强制政府向公众开放一些文件。The scandal obliged the minister to resign.丑闻迫使部长辞职。The Convention contains innovative measures that oblige countries to return stolen assets to their rightful owners.公约载有一些责成各国将被盗资产返还其合法所有人的创新措施。vt.帮助She is always ready to oblige her friends.她总是帮朋友的忙。vt.使感谢I am obliged to you for your gracious hospitality.我感谢你的热情好客。observevt.观察He made a telescope through which he could observe the constellations.他做了一个用于观察星座的望远镜。vt.评论We observe that the first calls for radical transformation did not begin until the period of the industrial revolution.我们认为直到工业革命时期才出现了要求彻底变革的第一波呐喊。vt.遵守All citizens should observe traffic rules.每位公民都应该遵守交通规则。We should observe the proprieties.我们应该遵守礼节。If they have to leave home, they must wear a face mask and observe good personal hygiene.如果外出，要佩戴口罩，注意个人卫生。paralleln.平行线，相似物The trees stand in parallel with the road.这些树与公路平行。It is inappropriate to draw such a parallel.这种比拟是不恰当的。vt.与匹敌Actually no one can parallel him in poetry.实际上，在诗歌方面无人能同他相提并论。adj.平行的Parallel processing is the most important peculiarity in this design.平行化的设计理念是该设计的最大特点。adj.相似的My experience in this matter is parallel to yours.在这件事情上我的经验和你的类似。patentn.专利He has applied for a patent on his latest invention.他已替他最新的发明申请了专利。adj.明显的This is a fact patent to the world.这是全世界都明白的事实。peern.同辈He was valued by both his peer and his superiors.他的同级和上级都很器重他。vi.凝视She peers through the mist, trying to find the right path.她透过浓雾凝视，想找出正确的路。performv.执行Every manager must perform some duties of a ceremonial nature.每个管理者必须执行一些礼仪性的任务。Student teams perform a comprehensive analysis and valuation of a business, as outlined in the syllabu