曼昆《经济学原理》(微观)第五版测试题库_第6章.pdf

371 Chapter 6 Supply Demand and Government Policies TRUE FALSE 1 Economic policies often have effects that their architects did not intend or anticipate ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 0 NAT Analytic LOC The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP Public policy MSC Definitional 2 Rent control laws dictate a minimum rent that landlords may charge tenants ANS F DIF 1 REF 6 0 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Rent control MSC Definitional 3 Minimum wage laws dictate the lowest wage that firms may pay workers ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 0 NAT Analytic LOC Labor markets TOP Minimum wage MSC Definitional 4 Price controls are usually enacted when policymakers believe that the market price of a good or service is unfair to buyers or sellers ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 0 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price controls MSC Definitional 5 Price controls can generate inequities ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 0 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price controls MSC Definitional 6 Policymakers use taxes to raise revenue for public purposes and to influence market outcomes ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 0 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Taxes MSC Definitional 7 If a good or service is sold in a competitive market free of government regulation then the price of the good or service adjusts to balance supply and demand ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Prices MSC Definitional 8 At the equilibrium price the quantity that buyers want to buy exactly equals the quantity that sellers want to sell ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Prices MSC Definitional 9 A price ceiling is a legal minimum on the price at which a good or service can be sold ANS F DIF 1 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings MSC Definitional 10 A price ceiling set above the equilibrium price is not binding ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings MSC Interpretive 372 Chapter 6 Supply Demand and Government Policies 11 If a price ceiling is not binding then it will have no effect on the market ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings MSC Interpretive 12 To be binding a price ceiling must be set above the equilibrium price ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings MSC Interpretive 13 A price ceiling set below the equilibrium price is binding ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings MSC Interpretive 14 A price ceiling set below the equilibrium price causes quantity demanded to exceed quantity supplied ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings Shortages MSC Interpretive 15 A price ceiling set above the equilibrium price causes quantity demanded to exceed quantity supplied ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings MSC Interpretive 16 A binding price ceiling causes quantity demanded to be less than quantity supplied ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings Shortages MSC Interpretive 17 A price ceiling set below the equilibrium price causes a shortage in the market ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings Shortages MSC Interpretive 18 A price ceiling set above the equilibrium price causes a surplus in the market ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings MSC Interpretive 19 A binding price ceiling causes a shortage in the market ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings Shortages MSC Interpretive 20 When a binding price ceiling is imposed on a market for a good some people who want to buy the good cannot do so ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings Shortages MSC Interpretive 21 Long lines and discrimination are examples of rationing methods that may naturally develop in response to a binding price ceiling ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings MSC Interpretive 22 Price ceilings are typically imposed to benefit buyers ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings MSC Interpretive Chapter 6 Supply Demand and Government Policies 373 23 Binding price ceilings benefit consumers because they allow consumers to buy all the goods they demand at a lower price ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings MSC Interpretive 24 All buyers benefit from a binding price ceiling ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings MSC Interpretive 25 A binding price ceiling may not help all consumers but it does not hurt any consumers ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings MSC Interpretive 26 When the government imposes a binding price ceiling on a competitive market a surplus of the good arises and sellers must ration the scarce goods among the large number of potential buyers ANS F DIF 1 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings Shortages MSC Definitional 27 The rationing mechanisms that develop under binding price ceilings are usually inefficient ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings Efficiency MSC Interpretive 28 Price is the rationing mechanism in a free competitive market ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Prices MSC Interpretive 29 Prices are inefficient rationing devices ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Prices Efficiency MSC Interpretive 30 When free markets ration goods with prices it is both efficient and impersonal ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Prices Efficiency MSC Interpretive 31 When a free market for a good reaches equilibrium anyone who is willing and able to pay the market price can buy the good ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Prices MSC Interpretive 32 If a price ceiling of 2 per gallon is imposed on gasoline and the market equilibrium price is 1 50 then the price ceiling is a binding constraint on the market ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings MSC Applicative 33 If a price ceiling of 1 50 per gallon is imposed on gasoline and the market equilibrium price is 2 then the price ceiling is a binding constraint on the market ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings MSC Applicative 374 Chapter 6 Supply Demand and Government Policies 34 A price ceiling caused the gasoline shortage of 1973 in the United States ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings MSC Interpretive 35 One common example of a price ceiling is rent control ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Rent control MSC Definitional 36 The goal of rent control is to help the poor by making housing more affordable ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Rent control MSC Definitional 37 Economists argue that rent control is a highly efficient way to help the poor raise their standard of living ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC The study of economics and definitions of economics TOP Economists Rent control MSC Interpretive 38 Because supply and demand are inelastic in the short run the initial shortage caused by rent control is large ANS F DIF 1 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Rent control Elasticity MSC Definitional 39 The primary effect of rent control in the short run is to reduce rents ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Rent control MSC Definitional 40 The housing shortages caused by rent control are larger in the long run than in the short run because both the supply of housing and the demand for housing are more elastic in the long run ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Rent control Elasticity MSC Interpretive 41 The effects of rent control in the long run include lower rents and lower quality housing ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Rent control MSC Interpretive 42 Rent control may lead to lower rents for those who find housing but the quality of the housing may also be lower ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Rent control MSC Interpretive 43 In a free market the price of housing adjusts to eliminate the shortages that give rise to undesirable landlord behavior ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Rent control MSC Definitional 44 A price floor is a legal minimum on the price at which a good or service can be sold ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price floors MSC Definitional Chapter 6 Supply Demand and Government Policies 375 45 A price floor set above the equilibrium price is not binding ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price floors MSC Interpretive 46 If a price floor is not binding then it will have no effect on the market ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price floors MSC Interpretive 47 To be binding a price floor must be set above the equilibrium price ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price floors MSC Interpretive 48 A price floor set below the equilibrium price is binding ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price floors MSC Interpretive 49 A price floor set below the equilibrium price causes quantity supplied to exceed quantity demanded ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price floors MSC Interpretive 50 A price floor set above the equilibrium price causes quantity supplied to exceed quantity demanded ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price floors Surpluses MSC Interpretive 51 A binding price floor causes quantity supplied to be less than quantity demanded ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price floors Surpluses MSC Interpretive 52 A price floor set below the equilibrium price causes a surplus in the market ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price floors MSC Interpretive 53 A price floor set above the equilibrium price causes a surplus in the market ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price floors Surpluses MSC Interpretive 54 A binding price floor causes a shortage in the market ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price floors Surpluses MSC Interpretive 55 When a binding price floor is imposed on a market for a good some people who want to sell the good cannot do so ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price floors Surpluses MSC Interpretive 56 Discrimination is an example of a rationing mechanism that may naturally develop in response to a binding price floor ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price floors MSC Interpretive 376 Chapter 6 Supply Demand and Government Policies 57 Price floors are typically imposed to benefit buyers ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price floors MSC Interpretive 58 Binding price floors benefit sellers because they allow sellers to sell all the goods they want at a higher price ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price floors MSC Interpretive 59 Not all sellers benefit from a binding price floor ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price floors MSC Interpretive 60 A binding price floor may not help all sellers but it does not hurt any sellers ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price floors MSC Interpretive 61 The rationing mechanisms that develop under binding price floors are usually efficient ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price floors Efficiency MSC Interpretive 62 When a free market for a good reaches equilibrium anyone who is willing and able to sell at the market price can sell the good ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Prices MSC Interpretive 63 If the equilibrium price of an airline ticket is 400 and the government imposes a price floor of 500 on airline tickets then fewer airline tickets will be sold than at the market equilibrium ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price floors MSC Applicative 64 If the equilibrium price of an airline ticket is 500 and the government imposes a price floor of 400 on airline tickets then fewer airline tickets will be sold than at the market equilibrium ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price floors MSC Applicative 65 One common example of a price floor is the minimum wage ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Labor markets TOP Minimum wage MSC Definitional 66 The goal of the minimum wage is to ensure workers a minimally adequate standard of living ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Labor markets TOP Minimum wage MSC Definitional 67 The United States is the only country in the world with minimum wage laws ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Labor markets TOP Minimum wage MSC Interpretive Chapter 6 Supply Demand and Government Policies 377 68 States in the U S may mandate minimum wages above the federal level ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Labor markets TOP Minimum wage MSC Interpretive 69 In the labor markets workers determine the supply of labor and firms determine the demand ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Labor markets TOP Labor demand Labor supply MSC Definitional 70 In an unregulated labor market the wage adjusts to balance labor supply and labor demand ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Labor markets TOP Wages MSC Interpretive 71 A binding minimum wage causes the quantity of labor demanded to exceed the quantity of labor supplied ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Labor markets TOP Minimum wage MSC Interpretive 72 A binding minimum wage creates unemployment ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Labor markets TOP Minimum wage Unemployment MSC Interpretive 73 A binding minimum wage may not help all workers but it does not hurt any workers ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Labor markets TOP Minimum wage MSC Interpretive 74 A binding minimum wage raises the incomes of those workers who have jobs but it lowers the incomes of workers who cannot find jobs ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Labor markets TOP Minimum wage MSC Definitional 75 The economy contains many labor markets for different types of workers ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Labor markets TOP Labor markets MSC Definitional 76 The impact of the minimum wage depends on the skill and experience of the worker ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Labor markets TOP Minimum wage MSC Definitional 77 Workers with high skills and much experience are not typically affected by the minimum wage ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Labor markets TOP Minimum wage MSC Interpretive 78 The minimum wage has its greatest impact on the market for teenage labor ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Labor markets TOP Minimum wage MSC Definitional 79 The minimum wage is more often binding for teenagers than for other members of the labor force ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Labor markets TOP Minimum wage MSC Definitional 378 Chapter 6 Supply Demand and Government Policies 80 Studies by economists have found that a 10 percent increase in the minimum wage decreases teenage employment 10 percent ANS F DIF 1 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Labor markets TOP Minimum wage MSC Definitional 81 A large majority of economists favor eliminating the minimum wage ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Labor markets TOP Economists Minimum wage MSC Interpretive 82 Advocates of the minimum wage admit that it has some adverse effects but they believe that these effects are small and that a higher minimum wage makes the poor better off ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Labor markets TOP Minimum wage MSC Definitional 83 If the equilibrium wage is 4 per hour and the minimum wage is 5 15 per hour then a shortage of labor will exist ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Labor markets TOP Minimum wage MSC Applicative Figure 6 17 D S 102030405060708090100 quantity 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 price 84 Refer to Figure 6 17 A price ceiling set at 30 would result in a shortage of 20 units ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings MSC Applicative 85 Refer to Figure 6 17 A price ceiling set at 70 would result in a shortage of 40 units ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price ceilings MSC Applicative 86 Refer to Figure 6 17 A price floor set at 60 would result in a surplus of 20 units ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price floors MSC Applicative 87 Refer to Figure 6 17 A price floor set at 40 would result in a surplus of 20 units ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price floors MSC Applicative Chapter 6 Supply Demand and Government Policies 379 88 Most economists are in favor of price controls as a way of allocating resources in the economy ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Economists Price controls MSC Interpretive 89 When policymakers set prices by legal decree they obscure the signals that normally guide the allocation of society s resources ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price controls MSC Definitional 90 Price controls often hurt those they are trying to help ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Price controls MSC Definitional 91 Rent subsidies and wage subsidies are better than price controls at helping the poor because they have no costs associated with them ANS F DIF 2 REF 6 1 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Subsidies MSC Interpretive 92 The term tax incidence refers to how the burden of a tax is distributed among the various people who make up the economy ANS T DIF 1 REF 6 2 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Tax incidence MSC Definitional 93 A tax on sellers shifts the supply curve but not the demand curve ANS T DIF 2 REF 6 2 NAT Analytic LOC Supply and demand TOP Taxes MSC