英语作文三段式ppt.ppt

Three paragraphWriting 英语专业四级考试大纲 writingsection VI 写作 PartVI Writing 1 测试要求 a 作文 能根据所给的作文题目 提纲或图表 数据等 写一篇200个单词左右的作文 能做到内容切题 完整 条理清楚 结构严谨 语法正确 语言通顺 表达得体 考试时间35分钟 b 便条 能根据所给提示写50至60个单词的便条 通知 请贴等 能做到格式正确 语言得体 考试时间10分钟 2 测试形式 本部分为主观试题 分两节 SectionA和SectionB SectionA Composition本题是命题作文 文章体裁主要属于说明文 议论文的范围SectionB Note Writing本节是写便条 3 测试目的 按照 的要求测试学生书面表达的能力 GeneralRemarks Band4exam 3paragraphsand200words Title allthewordsexceptconjunctions prepositionsandarticlesshouldbecapitalized Conjunctions prepositionsandarticlesshouldalsobecapitalizediftheyarethefirstwordsofatitle Capitalizeprepositionsof5ormoreletters Atitleisafragmentratherthanasentence Ashortsentencecanbeusedasatitle ofcourse Nopunctuationmarkexceptaquestionmarkisused Studythefollowingsampleparagraphandpassage andthenworkwithyourneighbortofigureout 1 Howwecanextendaparagraphintoathree paragraphpassage 2 What rethedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenthemintermsoftheformandcontent Paragraph Eventhoughamedicalstudentstudiesveryhardinschool hestillneedstohaveafewmoreskillstoperformasuccessfuloperationandbecomeasurgeon First hemustlearntoexaminethepatientandcheckhisgeneralhealthconditionbeforetheoperation Heshouldalsoknowhispastillnessrecord Next itisveryimportantthathepractices Manyoperationsrequireasurgeonwhohasgreatskillandhighspeed whichcomesonlyfrompractice Last hemustwatchthepatientcarefullyincasetherearepost operativecomplications Onlybydoingthesethreethingswillheperformoperationssuccessfully Three paragraphEssay IntroductoryparagraphWhenapersondecidestobeasurgeon heusuallyhastoconsiderthemanyextrayearsofstudybeyondtheBachelor sDegreeduringwhichhewilllearntheskillsofhischosenspecialty Allofusknowaboutthislengthyandrigorouseducationprocessthatdoctorsmustundergo However eventhoughamedicalstudentspendsmanyyearsanddoesalotofhardworkinmedicalschool hestillhasalottolearn Inordertobecomeasuccessfulsurgeon adoctormustcontinuetolearntoexaminehispatientthoroughly topracticeconstantly andtowatchhispatientcarefully Three paragraphEssay BodyparagraphFirst examiningthepatientandcheckinghishealthconditionbeforetheoperationarecritical Hehastocheckthepatient sbloodpressureandheartconditionandgivehimabloodtest inaddition heshouldgethispastmedicalrecord Ifnecessary heshouldgivehimsomespecialtests Onlyafterheknowsthepatient shealthconditionverywellcanhedecidewhatkindofoperationthepatientshouldhave Next tobeagoodsurgeon hehastobeextremelyskillful sohemustalsopracticefromtimetotime Ifhecontrolsthehealingart hecanperformoperationsquicklyandcorrectly andthatwillhelphimtobesuccessfulinanoperation Forinstance somepatientscannotstandlongperiodsunderanesthesia Forthem operationshavetobecompletedintheshortestpossibletime Thisrequiresasurgeonwhohasexcellentskillandhighspeed So agoodsurgeonisonewhohaspracticedoverandoveragaintolearnhisskillwell Watchingthepatientcarefullyaftertheoperationisanotherstepthatwillhelpthedoctorsucceedinsavingpeople slives Aftertheoperation somepatientwillhavesymptomsthatwillforecastimpendingdanger Thesurgeonshouldsurveythem diagnosethem andgivethesepatientspropertreatmentintime Therefore watchingapatientafteranoperationisalsoimportantforasurgeon Three paragraphEssay ConcludingparagraphItisobviousthatadoctorneverstopslearningevenafterhefinisheshisformaleducation Whenadoctorexaminesallhispatientscarefully practiceshistechniquesfrequently andwatcheshispatientsclosely hecontinuestolearnandinthiswaybecomesasuccessfulsurgeon Topicsentence Concludingsentence GeneralstatementThesis SupportI SupportII SupportIII Summary Restatementofthesis Memorablestatement Body Introduction Conclusion Thefunctionsofthegeneralstatement Tointroducethetopic Toprovidethebackgroundinformation Toarousetheinterestofreaders SpecificCriteria Theymustbenaturallyrelevanttothesubjectoftheessay Thegeneralstatementsandthethesisstatementshouldbesmoothlyconnected Methodstowritegeneralstatements Facts explanationordefinition description narration quotation analogy question figure statistics asharedexperience oracombinationoftheabove Thefunctionsofthethesisstatement TonarrowdownthetopictosomethingmanageableToexpresstheattitudeoropinionoftheauthoraboutthetopicToindicatethewayofsupportingthemainideas Specificcriteriaofagoodthesisstatement1 Itisastraightforwardstatement 2 Itcontainsthemainideawhichwillbediscussedinthebodyparagraph 3 Itisthemostspecificsentenceintheintroductoryparagraph 4 Itisusuallythelastsentenceoftheintroductoryparagraph 5 ItExpressesanopinion notafact 6 ItisNotintheformofaquestion 7 Itindicatesthetypeofwriting Inthelastfifteentotwentyyears computershavebeguntoinfluencealmosteveryareaofmodernlife Wearequiteaccustomedtoseeingcomputersintheworkplace instores andinschoolsanduniversities Itisnotsurprisingthatcomputersandcomputerizedrobotsmaysomedaymakeourhomelifeeasierandmoreinteresting Inourhome computerswilldounpleasantchores maintainaneffectiveandcomfortableenvironment andmakeavailablegreatamountofinformation Tosumup theintroductoryparagraphislikeanupside downtriangle wideatthetop beginning graduallynarrowinthemiddle andverysmallatthebottom end 1 ThistraditionalChinesemethodoftreatmentmighthelpyou 2 Ofcourseyouhave andperhapsyouhavetakenaspirin gonetoseeadoctor orvisitedyourchiropractor buthaveyoueverconsideredacupuncture 3 However youshouldknowsomethingaboutthephilosophy background andmethodologyofacupuncturebeforeyoubeginanytreatment 4 Haveyoueverhadaheadache backache orsoremuscles Topic1 Discuss2or3majorreasonswhysomecouplesinChinaprefernottohavechildren Topic2 Discuss2or3majorreasonswhypeoplewanttokeeppet Topic3 Discuss2or3majorreasonstobeinfavorofoneofthesubjects livingoncampusandlivingoffcampus Completethefollowingtasks 7minutesforwriting Step1 Writeanappropriateintroductoryparagraph Step2 CheckyourintroductoryparagraphagainsttheIntroductoryParagraphChecklistbelow IntroductoryParagraphChecklist 1 Doestheintroductoryparagraphconsistof2parts thegeneralstatementsandthethesisstatement 2 Dothegeneralstatementsgivebackgroundinformationonthesubjectandgraduallyleadthereaderintothemostspecificinformation thethesisstatement 3 Arethegeneralstatementsandthethesisstatementcohesive 4 Doesthethesisstatementcontainmainideas controllingideas thatwillbediscussedinthebodyparagraph TheBodyParagraph Itisacoherent unifiedandlogicalparagraph Itsupports developsthethesisstatement Mainpointsbeingdiscussedinbodyparagraphfollowtheorderofthoseinthethesisstatement Sub topicsentencesshouldbeusedtointroduceeachmainpoint Theuseofindicatorsinbodyparagraph first second last tobeginwith thenext intheend etc Theuseoftransitionalwords indicators however forinstance etc Youcanaddatransitionalsentenceatthebeginning ConcludingParagraph Introductoryparagraph TraditionallyinChina peopleheldthenotionthatthemorechildrentheyhad thehappiertheywere Asaresult itwasnotuncommonforacoupletoraisefourormorechildren Onlyduringthepast40yearshavemoreandmorefamiliesshiftedfromextendedonestonuclearones Thelate80sandearly90shaveevenwitnessedsomefertilecouplespreferringnottohaveasinglechild Thethreemajorreasonsthattriggerthemtodosoareobvious theylackmoney prefertoenjoythemselves andhavelimitedtime Concludingparagraph Tosumup achildlesslifebychoicehasbeengraduallyacceptedbytheyoungergeneration Thosecouplesdofindthattheyreallyhaveabetterlifewithoutchildrenthanwiththem However theDINKfamiliesarebynomeansthemain streaminmodernChinabecausethemajorityofChinesestillmaintainthebeliefthatchildrearingispartoftheirlivesandapleasantexperienceforthem Topicsentence Concludingsentence GeneralstatementThesis SupportI SupportII SupportIII Summary Restatementofthesis Memorablestatement Body Introduction Conclusion HowtoconcludeanessayThelastparagraphofanessayistheconclusion whichtellsthereadertheessayiscompleted Giveastrongoreffectivemessagethatthereaderwillremember Theconcludingparagraphisoftenintroducedwithaconclusiontransitionsignal Theconclusion asummaryandamemorablestatement Thesummary Itsummarizesthecentralideasdiscussedintheessayin3ways A Restatethethreemainpointsinthethesisstatementusingsynonyms Ex Thesisstatement Livinginthetwentiethcenturyhassomedisadvantages suchasapollutedenvironment thedepersonalizationofourhumanrelationships andtheweakeningofspiritualvalues Inconclusion thetwentiethcenturyhasindeedmadeourearthdirtier ourpeoplelesshumane andourspirituallivespoorer B summarizethemeaningofthethesisstatementingeneralterms especiallywhenitisdifficulttorestatethethreemainpointsinthethesisstatementusingsynonyms Ex thesisstatement Inanefforttoobtainatypewritingskillthatwillenableapersontomeetajobrequirement heshouldfollowthethreebasicsteps developaccuracyatthekeyboard developspeedandcoordinationintheuseofthefingers andcombineboththeaccuracyandthespeedinasmoothfashion Inshort typewritingisaverychallengingskilltolearnandtomaster C summarizethemainideasdiscussedinthebodyparagraph mainpointsinthethesisstatementarenotclearlystated Ex Thesisstatement NewOrleansisthemostdistinctiveandinterestingcityamongsttheseinanumberofaspects Allinall NewOrleansisdefinitelyoneofthegreatestcitiesintheUnitedStatesforitsbeautifulscenery itsinterestinghistoryanditsdistinctiveculture Tosumup althoughtherearethreewaystowriteasummary itisbettertochoosetheonethatbestsummarizesthecentralideasdiscussedintheessay Exerciseone Readthefollowingthesisstatement Restateitusingsynonymsforconclusion 3minutes Smokinginrestaurantsshouldbebannedbecauseitcloudstheair smellsbad andruinscustomers appetites Inconclusion Exercisetwo Summarizethemeaningofthethesisstatementingeneralterms 3minutes AlthoughtheTOEFLexamhasbeendevisedtomeasurethestudents Englishskills ithassomedisadvantages suchasthenervousnessofthestudentstakingthetest thelengthofthetest andtheluckinvolvedinpassingorfailingthetest Insummary Exercise3 readthethreesub topicsentencesundertheessaytopic Summarizethemainideasdiscussedinbodyparagraph 3minutes Topic TheComputerAgeIsuponUsSub Topicsentence1 First computersaffectoureducationinapositiveway Sub Topicsentence2 Computersalsohelpusraiseourworkefficiency Sub Topicsentence3 Finally computerscanenrichourleisuretime Insummary Thememorablestatement Yourmemorablestatementmaytakeseveralforms A PredictionB suggestionC solutionD QuotationE ResultF Combinationofabovemethods Pointoutthemethodusedintheconcludingparagraph Thus wefindwomeninmostanyroleintheworkingworldtoday doctors accountants businessmanagers painters constructionworkers teachersandnurses Theirinvolvementintheworkforceisunlikelytochange Itissafetopredictthatwiththecontinuedemphasisinoursocietyoneducationanpersonalgrowthandwithcontinuedinflationandthehighcostofliving womenwillcontinuetobeavitalpartoftheworkforce Thusdespitetremendousadvancesincomputertechnology thekindofrobotfoundinscience fictionmoviesisstillalongwayoffinthefuture AccordingtoasciencewriterinPsychologyToday Therewillbeatimewhenweareabletogotothehardwarestoreandbuysomethingthatwalks talks andobeys Untilthattime wecanonlydreamofsuchmechanicalhumans Inshort acidrainisadangerouspollutantintheUnitedStates Ifacidrainisnotreducedconsiderably theAmericansmaywitnessmoreseriousdamagetotheirenvironment Thisdamagehasalreadythreatenedsomeofourvaluablenaturalresourcesandmaysomedaydisruptourenvironmentseriouslyenoughtoaffectourfoodsupply Onlywhenthegovernmenttakesactionnowcanthedamagetotheenvironmentbesloweddown Whenyouwritetheconclusionoftheessay trytoavoidthefollowingerrors 1 Donotjumpfromthesummarytothememorablestatement Beginyourconclusionwiththesummaryandthenbroadentowardthefinalsentencesmoothlyandnaturally 2 Donotintroduceanynewideasintheconclusion 3 Donotchangeyourattitude Expandtheparagraphintoa3 paragraphessay 20minutes Thereareseveralreasonsforpeopletosavetheirbooks butthreestandout Onereasonpeoplesavetheirbooksistousethemasreferencematerials Thesecondreasonsomepeoplesavebooksistomakeagoodimpression Thesepeoplethinkthatafamilylibraryfullofliteraryclassics dictionaries andbooksaboutart science andhistorymakethemlooksophisticated Thelastreasonsomepeoplesavebooksisthattheyhavediscoveredthemagicofbooks Eachbooktheyreadrepresentsanexperiencefromwhichtheymayhavegrownorlearnedsomething Obviously bookownerssavebooksfordifferentpurposes Exercise Stepone writeagoodintroductionandconclusionforthisparagraph 15minutes Steptwo checkyourconclusionagainsttheConclusionChecklistbelow Homework 1 ShouldScoresbeDeservedPrivacy 2 WhyDoPeopleLiketoTryTheirLuckonLottery 3 ToBuyBookstoReadortoBorrowBooks Moreoptionsforyourhomework Whatisth