高考英语二轮专题总复习 语法精选讲义第九部分词法.doc

2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习语法精选讲义第九部分词法名词1. 名词的复数问题：a) 加s的问题.b) 加es的问题.c) 不规则的复数问题.d) 复合名词的复数问题.2. 名词的所有格问题. a) jane and marys room (共有)b) janes and marys rooms(不共有) c) at mr. greens (家)at the tailors (店铺) d) 表示物生命东西的名词,通常用 of +名词 表示所有关系. the gate of the school the window of the door e) 双重所有格问题 f) of + 抽象名词=形容词 of importance = important of + great + 抽象名词 = very + 形容词 of great importance = be very important of + no + 抽象名词 = not + 形容词 (-less) it is no use . = it is useless.3. 名词短语做状语一般不用介词.she kept washing all day. i told you many times. come this way, please.he can walk 50 miles a day.we waited there two hours.4. 关于dozen, acore的用法.数词1. 数词作定语，表语2. 顺序编号中的数词 事物名词基数词序数词事物名词3. 年，月，日的表达顺序时间小的在前，大的在后要注意标点符号4. 时间与地点同时出现的问题 在同一句中，如果时间状语和地点状语都在谓语动词后，按习惯，地点在前，时间在后5. “一个半”的表达法one pound and a half one and a half years6. 带数词的成语 twos and threes三三两两at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟7. 数词的修饰语问题 形容数目很大，常用full, solid 于名词前； good, all of, no less than, asas , 用于数词前. 形容数目小常用barely, scarcely, no more than等于数词前 形容“恰好”，“不多不少”，常用clear (名词前) sharp (后置定语) more or less (数词前) 表示“大约”，“大致”常用nearly, almost, close to, some, about等于数词前，or so(句末),more or less(句末)1. 小数，分数，百分比引导的短语作主语时的主谓一致问题 分数和百分数引导的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数应根据分数和百分数后面的名词来确定如果是可数名词的复数，其谓语动词用复数形式；如果是不可数名词或单数可数名词其谓语动词用单数形式代词1. one, some any 的用法2. each, every 的用法区别3. none, no, no one 的用法区别4. many , much 的用法区别5. other, another 的用法区别onethe other 一个(两个中)另一个onethe other two 一个(三个中)另两个oneanother 一个(不定的)另一个onethe others 一个(除一个外的)其它的oneothers 一个(不定的)另几个6. all, both, none, neither, not all, all not 的用法区别7. by oneself, of oneself , for oneself的用法区别形容词副词1. 多个形容词做定语的一般排列顺序（前置、冠词、不所指，数词、性质、状态词，大小、形状、新温度，色国、材料、动名词。）2. 形容词副词的比较等级少数单音节词，特别是分词形容词用加 more 或most 构成。 real tired pleased stupid fit以 a 开头的形容词的比较级或最高级也是加 more 或加most 构成。 afraid alikea. 比较的等级b. 比较的对象c. 比较的范围3. 用比较级表示最高级倍数问题4. 比较级前面的修饰语问题5. 形容词句型6. 常见形容词，副词的用法区别比较级的常见句型：比较级 + than + any other + 名词（单数） he is taller than any other student in his class. = he is the tallest student in his class. 比较级 + than + all other + 名词（复数） he does better than all other boys here. 比较级 + than ( + any of ) + the other + 名词（复数） he is taller than ( any of ) the other students in his class. 比较级 + than + ( any of ) + the others he is taller than any of the others . 比较级 + than + anyone( anybody , anything ) + else he is taller than anyone else in his class. no one ( nobody, nothing ) + 比较级 + than + no one is taller than he in his class. no one ( nobody , nothing ) + + so ( as ) + 原级 + as + no one is as tall as he.1. at, in, on 表示地点的用法区别.2. at, in 表示时间的用法区别.3. besides, except, except for 的用法区别.4. 乘坐交通工具的介词使用.5. to 后面跟什么?come tobe used toused torefer tospeak togive ones life tolook forward toprefer topretend tobe worthy to6. 介词省略的问题.a) 动名词前的介词省略.b) 间接宾语前的介词省略.b) 某一些动词后介词段与表示时间和距离时的介词省略.c) 某些名词前的介词省略.d) all组成的短语作状语,介词省略.、介词的省略 prevent sb (from) doing sth. stop sb (from) doing sth. have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.spend time / money (in) doing sth. be busy (in) doing sth.： 介词for的用法一、 作介词用。1、用来表示时间长度，有时不译出来，而且通常可以省略，但在句首或正式文体中则通常不省。如：we have studied einglish (for)five years.they have waited for you for ten days.2、含有代动性，可与一个名词连用(不能和动名词连用)，构成介词短语，起不定式短语作用，表示目的。如： the students went to beijing for (=to spent)the sum mber holiday.crusoe rdturned home for (=to get)two guns.not all the ants go out for (=to look for)food.3、含有“交换”之意。可用来表示“钱物等相交换”， “买卖关系”等。如： he once refused to speak on the radio for$1000 a mi nute.i bought the dictionary for 20 yuan.4、常与表示离开、起行的动词连用(如sail,leave,staft,head等)。如：ill leave beijing for shanghai tomorrow.the boat headed for the french coast.5、表示“对而言”。it is dangerous for a small child to cross the road alone.it is very cold for october.6、表示“由于”，“因为”。如：he got a medal for swimming well.he was scolded for being late.7、表示“支持”，“赞成”。如；some people were for the strike.he is for me .8、表示“给”，“适于”。如：these flowers are for you .the books are for children.9、固定搭配。be late for ,be fit for ,the rules for verbs,prize for physics, reach(out)for,bd/get ready for ,wait for ,look for ,long for ,search for ,call for ,send for ,for ever, for ,example ,take for ,etc.二、 作连词用，为“因为”。如：we must get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to errors(错误)。省略与代替1. 省略与代替的作用是什么?2. so代替前面句子中已经表达过的词,短语或句子(多是宾与从句). 与so 连用的常用动词有：hope , believe, think , be afraid , expect , surprise, imagine等3. 用not代替so的情况.4. 用不定式符号代替不定式.5. 用do在句子中代替其它动词.四冠词1. 不用冠词的情况a. 学科名词前不加冠词b. 体育或动名词前不加冠词.c. 形容词的最高级不含比较意义,而只表示非常时,不加the.d. 形容词的最高级只用于本身不同情况的比较而不是与其它事物的比较时,不加the.e. 广场,公园,街道,建筑物以及重要的机构或处所的名词前不加the.f. 季节,月份,星期,节日,假日,一日三餐的名词前不加the.g. 普通名词+as 引起的让步状语从句中,名词前不加冠词.h. 在独立主格结构中不加冠词.例如: gun in handi. turn(go)作为变成讲时,后面所跟的名词前不加冠词.2. rather , quite 后面的冠词问题rather a difficult job = a rather difficult jobenglish is quite a useful tool. = english is a quite useful tool.3. 词组中的冠词go to school go to the schoolat school at the schoolgo to prisongo to the prisontake advice(征询他人意见)take the advice(听人劝告)take placetake the placego to towngo to the countrysidein townin the cityout of question(毫无问题)out of the question(完全不可能)诀3 定冠词用法小结口诀1.有水无湖：海、洋、海湾、河等，都用the；单个湖不用the，(但多个湖用the)； theredsea，thepacificocean，thepersiangulf，theyangtzeriver thegreatlakes(五大湖)；lakeerie(伊利湖) 2.有球无星：地球，月亮用the；行星不用the：mars，venus； 3.有山无峰：thehuangshanmountains(黄山)；mounteverest(珠穆朗玛峰)； mount(ormt.)tai(泰山)。 4.有独无欧(偶)：独一无二的，theearth，hemoon，thesun用the； 欧洲等七大洲不用the. europe，africa，asia，northamerica，southamerica，antarctica，oceania 5.有(足)族无球(运动)：种族用the：theindians(印第安人)；球类运动 baseball，basketball 6.有文无