高中英语 Module 3 Back to the past Period2学案 译林牛津版必修3.doc

高一(下)英语导学案(m3-u3) a 教学目标1通过本课的学习，要了解宾语补足语及其用法。了解什么是主语在人称和数上保持一致。b 课前预习阅读课本p48，了解宾语补足语及其用法。了解什么是主语在人称和数上保持一致。 写出宾语补足语是由什么充当的并举例说明：_。c 课内解惑 第一部分 object complement 定义（definition）;某些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，对宾语做出进一步的补充或说明,意思才完整.宾语和它的补足语构成_宾语。动词+宾语+宾语补足语（由动词不定式/动词-ing/过去分词/名/形容词/介词短语或副词充当）.1. 我们选他做班长。_2. 我们每个人必须保持教室一直清洁。_用法（usage）：动词不定式做宾语补足语动词（ask, tell, beg, invite, order, advise, warn, want, get, wish, expect, persuade, allow, permit, forbid, encourage，prefer,help）+宾语+to do sth.1.我宁愿你不要改变计划。_2.他父母不允许他晚上一个人出去。_3.尽管我英语不好，但老师还是经常鼓励我好好学习。_动词(have, make, let, help, see, hear, watch, notice, find, observe, look at, listen to,watch,) +宾语+ do sth.（其中help 可以用to help。）1.你注意到经理离开了办公室？_2.人们看见那中年男子走进大楼。（用被动语态）_动词-ing/过去分词做宾语补足语动词（have, keep, feel, see, hear, watch, find, notice, observe,）+宾语+动词-ing/过去分词。1.as we got to the top of the mountain, we saw the sun _(rise)in the east. 2. some villagers reported that they saw the missing boy _(play)near the river toward evening3.when you speak english you should try your best to make yourself_ (understand)4. i was surprised to find my room thoroughly _(clean) and everything _(arrange) in good order.归纳动词-ing和过去分词做宾语补足语的区别：动词-ing做宾语补足语：_过去分词做宾语补足语：_ 动词（name, call, choose, elect, make，leave，consider，appoint，find）+宾语+n.前任主席退休后，我们选约翰做俱乐部主席。_ 动词(keep, make,get,find,think,consider,push) +宾语+adj.1.尽管他没有有意伤害我，但他的笑话确实使我很生气。_2经过多年的努力，他发现继续他的试验是不可能了。_with+宾语+宾语补足语（由动词不定式/动词-ing/过去分词/名/形容词/介词短语或副词充当）（在句中做定语或状语）第二部分subject-verb agreement 定义（definition）;在英语句子中，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为：谓语用单数时的情况，谓语用复数时的情况，谓语用单复数均可的情况，其他情况。 用法（usage）： 谓语用单数时的情况：1单数名词或不可数名词作主语时。union is strength. 团结就是力量。2不定式短语、动名词短语、从句作主语时。that she will come here tomorrow is certain.注意：what从句作主语时，谓语动词的形式主要取决于后面的表语是单数还是复数。试比较：what they want_(be) nothing but a rest. what he wants _(be)two books.当what从句表示所说的话或所做的事时，谓语动词应用单数。what he said has left us much to think about.3.以s结尾的国名、人名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时。the united nations（联合国） was founded in 1945.4.以s结尾的学科名词（mathematics/politics/physics）作主语时。physics _(be)taught in all middle schools.5.“one and a half +复数名词”作主语时。one and a half days is all i can spare.6.every/some/any/no + body/one/thing构成的复合不定代词作主语时。nobody is absent.7.and连接的并列单数主语前分别有no，each，every，more than a（an），many a（an）修饰each teacher and each student _(have)been told to attend the meeting after school.8.主语是a kind/sort/type/pair/ of + 单数或复数名词时，因为kind/sort/type是短语中的中心词，也是信息的焦点，所以，谓语应与其一致。this kind of wheat isnt grown in our country.9.“many a/more than one + 单数可数名词”作主语时谓语用单数。many a student _(have)joined the league recently.10.若and所连接的两个词是指一个人或一个物时，这时and后面的名词前没有冠词。the writer and artist _(have)come。11. 主语是either, neither, the other或主语被either, neither修饰时。either of the answers is correct./neither answer proves to be correct.谓语用复数时的情况1.people, police，cattle等名词作主语时。the police_ (have) caught the thieves.2.“the/these/those + 形容词/分词形容词”可以表示一类人，这一结构作主语时。例those wounded were taken good care of.注意：“the +形容词”还可表示抽象事物，这时应视作单数。the beautiful_ (give) pleasure to people.3.“the +表示国籍、民族的形容词”可以表示该国全体人民，这一结构作主语时。the chinese are a brave and hard-working people.4.glasses, compasses, trousers，clothes，shoes等由两部分连成一体的名词作主语时。my trousers are worn out.注意：若前面有pair等物量词，则谓语由该物量词的形式决定。there is a pair of compasses on the desk. there are two pairs of glasses needing to be repaired.谓语用单数或复数均可的情况;1表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词被看作整体时，谓语用单数。ten dollars is what he needs./twenty kilometres isnt a short distance.若侧重于一个个的个体，则用复数。five years have passed since i joined the league.2.family, class, group, team, crowd, crew, enemy, committee, population，audience等集合名词作主语时，若强调整个集体，谓语用单数。the population of china _(be)large. 中国人口众多。若强调集体中的各个成员，谓语用复数。nearly 80% of the population of china _(be)farmers.中国将近百分之八十的人口是农民。3.what, which, who, some, any, more, most, all等词作主语时，谓语动词的数根据实际意义确定。all _(be)silent. 万籁俱寂。(all指代整个情况、事件时是单数)all _(be)silent .所有的人都不作声。(all指代人或物时，是复数)4.none作主语时，若指代可数名词，谓语用单数和复数均可以；若指代不可数名词，谓语用单数。5.“half of, part of, most of, the rest of, eighty percent of, one third of, + 名词/代词”作主语时，谓语根据后面的名词或代词而定。most of the money _(be)spent on clothes.about two-thirds of the city _(be)destroyed in the war.6.单复数同形的名词（means，works，species，chinese，japanese）作主语时，谓语动词要根据主语的意义而定。all means _(have)been tried but without much result, as far as my knowledge goes.every means _(have)been tried but without much result, as far as my knowledge goes.7.在四则运算中，加法、乘法后面的谓语动词用单、复数均可，减法、除法后面的谓语动词只能用单数。three plus three makes/make six./thirty-five divided by five is seven.其它情况:“就近一致”原则：1eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut, or等连接两个并列的主语时，谓语须与靠近的那一个主语一致。are neither you nor he for the plan?2在here is, there is或其它状语提前的倒装句中，谓语动词的形式也适用邻近原则。here _(be)a pen and two pieces of paper for you.“就远”原则主语若是单数名词，后面尽管跟有as well as, like, with, together with, along with, as much as, no less than, besides, except, but, including, rather than，in addition to等引导的短语，谓语仍用单数。the father, rather than the brothers,_(be) responsible for the accident.在强调结构中，当被强调部分是主语时，从句中的谓语须与被强调词一致。例：it is i who _(be)to answer for her safety.定语从句中关系代词作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。例：do you know the girls who are soldiers?注意：当先行词为“one of + 名词复数”时，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数。例：she is one of the girls who_ (have) passed the exam.当先行词为“the (only)one of +名词复数”时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。例：she is the only one of th