高考英语专题复习（命题规律探究+题组分层精练）专题十四 词义猜测课件.ppt

专题十四词义猜测 高考英语 江苏省专用 a组自主命题 江苏卷题组passage1 2017江苏 d 词数 690oldproblem newapproacheswhilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife globalwarmingwillcontinueforsomedecadesafterco2emissions 排放 peak soevenifemissionsweretobegintodecreasetoday wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimatechange hereiwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimateadaptation whenitcomestoadaptation itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions thisiswhy inpartatleast theusnationalclimateassessmentsaysthat thereisno one sizefitsall adaptation nevertheless therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskorcost aroundtheworld peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways especiallyinsomepoorcountries floods 五年高考 havebecomemoredamaginginbangladeshinrecentdecades mohammedrezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster hisnot for profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserveasfloatinglibraries schools andhealthclinics andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommuni catingfacilities rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity 连接 toreplacefloodedroadsandhigh ways butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondstopreventstarvationduringthewetseason elsewhereinasiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken chewangnorphellivesinamoun tainousregioninindia whereheisknownastheiceman thelossofglaciers 冰川 thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture withouttheglaciers waterwillarriveintheriversattimeswhenitcandamagecrops norphel sinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteofwateroverwinter whenitwasnotneeded hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze andwasstoreduntilthespring hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectlytimedirrigation 灌溉 wa ter havingcreatedninesuchicereserves norphelcalculatesthathehasstoredabout200 000m3ofwater climatechangeisacontinuingprocess sonorphel sicereserveswillnotlastforever warm ingwillovertakethem butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill perhaps be abletofindothermeansofadapting increasingearth sreflectivenesscancooltheplanet insouthernspainthesuddenincreaseofgreenhouses whichreflectlightbacktospace haschangedthewarmingtrendlocally andactuallycooledtheregion whilespainasawholeisheatingupquickly temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased thisexampleshouldactasaninspirationforallcities bypaintingbuildingswhite citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess inperu localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife givingice theoutcomeisstillfarfromclear buttheworldbankhasincludedtheprojectonitslistof 100ideastosavetheplanet moreordinaryformsofadaptationarehappeningeverywhere afriendofmineownsanareaoflandinwesternvictoria overfivegenerationsthelandhasbeentoowetforcropping butduringthepastdecadedecliningrainfallhasallowedhimtoplanthighlyprofitablecrops farmersinmanycountriesarealsoadaptinglikethis eitherbygrowingnewproduce orbygrowingthesamethingsdifferently thisiscommonsense butsomesuggestionsforadaptingarenot whenthepolluting industriesarguethatwe velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt it sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinaryandastonishingways butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution afterall ifweadaptinthatway wemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyothers 1 theunderlinedpartinparagraph2implies a adaptationisanever changingprocessb thecostofadaptationvarieswithtimec globalwarmingaffectsadaptationformsd adaptationtoclimatechangeischallenging2 whatisspecialwithregardtorezwan sproject a theprojectreceivesgovernmentsupport b differentorganizationsworkwitheachother c hisorganizationmakesthebestofabadsituation d theprojectconnectsfloodedroadsandhighways 3 whatdidtheicemandotoreducetheeffectofglobalwarming a storingiceforfutureuse b protectingtheglaciersfrommelting c changingtheirrigationtime d postponingthemeltingoftheglaciers 4 whatdowelearnfromtheperuexample a whitepaintisusuallysafeforbuildings b theglobalwarmingtrendcannotbestopped c thiscountryisheatinguptooquickly d sunlightreflectionmayrelieveglobalwarming 5 accordingtotheauthor pollutingindustriesshould a adapttocarbonpollutionb planthighlyprofitablecropsc leavecarbonemissionaloned fightagainstcarbonpollution6 what stheauthor spreferredsolutiontoglobalwarming a settingupanewstandard b reducingcarbonemission c adaptingtoclimatechange d monitoringpollutingindustries 答案 语篇解读 本文为议论文 题材为环境问题类 话题为 老问题 新方法 适应我们所面临的严峻的气候环境 而且要意识到环境的改变和适应环境是一个过程 1 a词义猜测题 根据第二段主题句whenitcomestoadaptation itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess 可知气候的改变是一个不断变化的过程 再结合后面几段给出的事例可知 适应也是一个不断变化的过程 由此可推断出画线部分意为adaptationisanever changingprocess 故答案为a项 2 c推理判断题 根据第三段第三句mohammedrezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawon lydisaster 及后面的描述可知他的非营利组织在充分利用糟糕的环境 故正确答案为c项 本题干扰项为d项 由第三段第五句rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivitytoreplacefloodedroadsandhighways 可知d项错误 3 a细节理解题 根据第四段第六句hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze andwasstoreduntilthespring 可知a项正确 4 d推理判断题 根据第六段首句inperu localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife givingice 可推断出答案为d 5 d观点态度题 根据倒数第二段中的whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt it sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual 可推知d项为正确答案 6 b推理判断题 根据最后一段第二句butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution 可知最明智的适应应该是改变我们的能量体系以减少碳排放污染 故b项正确 长难句原句 whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollu tionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt it sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual 分析 本句为复合句 when引导的时间状语从句中 that引导的宾语从句作动词argue的宾语 it sanonsense 为主句 其中designed为过去分词作后置定语修饰名词nonsense 译文 当污染企业辩解说我们已经在控制碳污染的战斗中失败并且别无选择只好适应它时 这是惯用的为了商业利益而设计好的胡说八道的伎俩 重点词汇adaptationn 适应adaptto适应fundamentaladj 基本的 根本的 passage2 2014江苏 b 词数 399howeverwealthywemaybe wecanneverfindenoughhoursinthedaytodoeverythingwewant economicsdealswiththisproblemthroughtheconceptofopportunitycost whichsimplyreferstowhethersomeone stimeormoneycouldbebetterspentonsomethingelse everyhourofourtimehasavalue foreveryhourweworkatonejobwecouldquiteeasilybedoinganother orbesleepingorwatchingafilm eachoftheseoptionshasadifferentopportunitycost namely whattheycostusinmissedopportunities sayyouintendtowatchafootballmatchbuttheticketsareexpensiveanditwilltakeyouacoupleofhourstogettoandfromthestadium whynot youmightreason watchthegamefromhomeandusetheleftovermoneyandtimetohavedinnerwithfriends this thealternativeuseofyourcashandtime istheopportunitycost foreconomists everydecisionismadebyknowledgeofwhatonemustforgo intermsofmoneyandenjoyment inordertotakeitup byknowingpreciselywhatyouarereceivingandwhatyouaremissingouton yououghttobeabletomakebetter informed morereasonabledecisions considerthatmostfamouseconomicruleofall there snosuchthingasafreelunch evenifsomeoneoffers totakeyououttolunchforfree thetimeyouwillspendintherestaurantstillcostsyousomethingintermsofforgoneopportunities somepeoplefindtheideaofopportunitycostextremelydiscouraging imaginespendingyourentirelifecalculatingwhetheryourtimewouldbebetterspentelsewheredoingsomethingmoreprofitableorenjoyable yet inasenseit shumannaturetodopreciselythat weassesstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofdecisionsallthetime inthebusinessworld apopularphraseis valueformoney peoplewanttheircashtogoasfaraspossible however anotherisfastobtaininganadvantage valuefortime thebiggestrestrictiononourresourcesisthenumberofhourswecandevotetosomething sowelooktomaximizethere turnwegetonourinvestmentoftime byreadingthispassageyouaregivingoverabitofyourtimewhichcouldbespentdoingotheractivities suchassleepingandeating inreturn however thispas sagewillhelpyoutothinklikeaneconomist closelyconsideringtheopportunitycostofeachofyourdecisions 1 accordingtothepassage theconceptof opportunitycost isappliedto a makingmoremoney b takingmoreopportunitiesc reducingmissedopportunitiesd weighingthechoiceofopportunities2 the leftover time inparagraph3probablyreferstothetime a sparedforwatchingthematchathomeb takentohavedinnerwithfriendsc spentonthewaytoandfromthematchd savedfromnotgoingtowatchthematch3 whatareforgoneopportunities a opportunitiesyouforgetindecision making b opportunitiesyougiveupforbetterones c opportunitiesyoumissaccidentally d opportunitiesyoumakeupfor 答案 语篇解读 本文属于说明文 题材为技巧指导 文章主要介绍了如何更好地支配自己的时间和金钱 以及如何在作决定时考虑花费的机会成本 1 d推理判断题 根据文章第三段最后一句this thealternativeuseofyourcashandtime istheopportunitycost 可知 opportunitycost的意思就是对你金钱和时间的其他用法 由此可推断opportunitycost和 对机会选择的权衡 有关 故选d项 2 c词义猜测题 上文提到你打算去体育场观看一场足球比赛 但门票太昂贵 而且从家到体育场的往返时间要花费几个小时 然后提到 为什么不在家里看比赛 而把剩余的金钱和时间用来和朋友共进晚餐呢 由此可推断 leftover time 指的就是从家到体育场的往返时间 故选c项 3 b推理判断题 根据第四段最后一句 thetimeyouwillspendintherestaurantstillcostsyousomethingintermsofforgoneopportunities 可知 即使有人带你出去享用免费的午餐 而从forgoneopportunities的角度来看你却要付出花费时间的代价 再结合第二句byknowingpreciselywhatyouarereceivingandwhatyouaremissingouton yououghttobeabletomakebetter informed morereasonabledecisions 可知 通过准确了解你会得到什么和你会错失什么获利的机会 你应该能够作出更明智的选择 由此可推断forgoneopportunities指的就是那些为了获得更好的机会而放弃的机会 故选b项 高级语块1 missouton错过失去 的好机会2 intermsof就 而言 在 方面3 inasense从某种意义上说 长难句thebiggestrestrictiononourresourcesisthenumberofhourswecandevotetosome thing sowelooktomaximizethereturnwegetonourinvestmentoftime 我们资源上最大的限制是我们可以投入在某事上的时间 因此我们期盼我们能从时间投资上得到最大的回报 整个句子是so连接的并列句 前一分句中wecandevotetosomething为定语从句 修饰hours 后一分句中wegetonourinvestmentoftime也是定语从句 修饰thereturn b组统一命题 省 区 市 卷题组passage1 2017课标全国 c 词数 291afteryearsofheateddebate graywolveswerereintroducedtoyellowstonenationalpark fourteenwolveswerecaughtincanadaandtransportedtothepark bylastyear theyellowstonewolfpopu lationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves graywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheyellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalu nitedstates buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment bythe1920s wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheyellowstonearea theywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofcanada wheretherewerefewerhumansaround thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults deerandelkpopulations majorfoodsources 来源 forthewolf grewrapidly theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation 植被 whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark intheabsenceofwolves coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark sredfoxes andcompletelydroveawaythepark sbeavers asearlyas1966 biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoyellowstonepark theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems manyfarmers opposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves theu s fishandwildlifeservicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinyellowstone today thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatyellowstone elk deer andcoyotepopulationsaredown whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeacomeback theyellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell 1 whatisthetextmainlyabout a wildliferesearchintheunitedstates b plantdiversityintheyellowstonearea c theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves d thereintroductionofwolvestoyellowstonepark 2 whatdoestheunderlinedword displaced inparagraph2mean a tested b separated c forcedout d trackeddown 3 whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout a damagetolocalecology b adeclineinthepark sincome c preservationofvegetation d anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals 4 whatistheauthor sattitudetowardstheyellowstonewolfproject a doubtful b positive c disapproving d uncaring 答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文 文章讲述的是 经过多年的激烈争论之后 灰狼又回到了黄石国家公园 1 d主旨大意题 文章第一段第一句为文章的主题句 文章围绕其展开 讲述的就是黄石国家公园再次引入灰狼这件事 故答案选d 2 c词义猜测题 根据第二段第一句和第二句可知 答案选c 灰狼曾经在黄石地区随处可见 可后来由于人类的发展 该种群被渐渐驱离这里 3 a推理判断题 根据第三段可以推断灰狼的消失对生态造成了破坏 4 b推理判断题 由文章最后一段最后一句话中的avaluableexperiment可知 作者觉得这个项目很有价值 说明作者的态度是积极的 重点词汇consumev 消耗 吃opposev 反对reintroducev 重新引入 passage2 2017课标全国 d 词数 311abuild it yourselfsolarstill 蒸馏器 isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable developedbytwodoctorsintheu s departmentofagriculture it sanexcellentwatercollector unfortunately youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou sinceit sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes theonlycomponentsrequired though area5 5 sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic sixfeetofplastictube andacontainer perhapsjustadrinkingcup tocatchthewater thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt toconstructaworkingstill useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher sproductivity placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup andout thesideofthehole next covertheholewiththeplasticsheet securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet scenterdownwitharock theplasticshouldnowformacone 圆锥体 with45 degree angledsides thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover andnomorethanthreeinch esabove thecup thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic groundwaterevaporates 蒸发 andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform rundownthematerial andfalloffintothecup whenthecontainerisfull youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube andwon thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink 1 whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph a it sdelicate b it sexpensive c it scomplex d it sportable 2 whatdoestheunderlinedphrase thewatercatcher inparagraph2referto a thetube b thestill c thehole d thecup 3 whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill a digaholeofacertainsize b putthecupinplace c weightthesheet scenterdown d covertheholewiththeplasticsheet 4 whenasolarstillworks dropsofwatercomeintothecupfrom a theplastictubeb outsidetheholec theopenaird beneaththesheet 答案 语篇解读 本文为说明文 题材为科普实验类 文章具体描述了利用自制太阳能蒸馏器获取饮用水的方法 1 d细节理解题 根据第一段最后两句 尤其是尾句thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt 可知该装置是可折叠的 便携的 portable 故答案为d项 2 b词义猜测题 根据第二段前两句可知 画线短语指代的是该段首句中的aworkingstill 故答案为b项 3 c细节理解题 根据第二 三段可知四个选项正确的顺序是a b d c 故答案为c项 4 d细节理解题 根据尾段前两句可知该装置是利用蒸发到塑料薄片上的水分凝聚成水滴 最后滴落到杯子中 故答案为d项 长难句原句 thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup andout thesideofthehole 分析 本句为复合句 主句laythetubeinplace为祈使句 sothat引导目的状语从句 从句是and连接的并列句 inplace在恰当的地方 alltheway自始至终 译文 接着把管子放在恰当的位置 使得管子的一端一直放在杯子里并且管子的其余部分向上延伸到所挖坑的外部 重点词汇substituten 代用品componentn 零件 构成要素 成分productivityn 生产力 生产效率securev 把 弄牢falloffinto落入 注入 passage3 2017课标全国 b 词数 289ifirstmetpaulnewmanin1968 whengeorgeroyhill thedirectorofbutchcassidyandthesun dancekid introducedusinnewyorkcity whenthestudiodidn twantmeforthefilm itwant edsomebodyaswellknownaspaul hestoodupforme idon tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers thefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandthestingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandlivetv wewererespectfulofcraft 技艺 andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay bothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofamericanactors humorous aggressive andmakingfunofeachother butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection thosewerealsoatthecore 核心 ofourrelationshipoffthescreen wesharedthebeliefthatifyou refortunateenoughtohavesuccess youshouldputsomethingback hewithhisnewman sownfoodandhisholeinthewallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill andmewithsundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival paulandididn tseeeachotherallthatreg ularly butsharingthatbroughtustogether wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingup atevents ilastsawhimafewmonthsago he dbeeninandoutofthehospital heandibothknewwhatthedealwas andwedidn ttalkaboutit ourswasarelationshipthatdidn tneedalotofwords 1 whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst a paulnewmanwantedit b thestudiopowersdidn tlikehisagent c hewasn tfamousenough d thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse 2 whydidpaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship a theywereofthesameage b theyworkedinthesametheater c theywerebothgoodactors d theyhadsimilarcharacteristics 3 whatdoestheunderlinedword that inparagraph3referto a theirbelief b theircareforchildren c theirsuccess d theirsupportforeachother 4 whatistheauthor spurposeinwritingthetext a toshowhisloveoffilms b torememberafriend c tointroduceanewmovie d tosharehisactingexperience 答案 语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文 在电影界初出茅庐的作者得到了著名演员保罗 纽曼的支持 从而获得了一个重要的演出机会 他们建立了深厚的友谊 这份友谊一直持续到保罗 纽曼去世 1 c推理判断题 根据第一段中的 itwantedsomebodyaswellknownaspaul 可知 这家电影公司不想把这个角色给作者 是因为他们想把角色给像保罗这样出名的人 作者还不够出名 所以答案为c项 2 d细节理解题 根据第二段中的 bothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofamericanactors 可知 保罗和作者之所以有着长久的友谊 是因为他们两个人有着相似的品质 所以答案为d项 3 a词义猜测题 根据本段第一句话 wesharedthebeliefthatif 可知 尽管他们不经常见面 但是正是那种信念让他们聚在了一起 由此推断出画线单词指的是他们的共同的信念 所以答案为a项 4 b推理判断题 文章开头作者介绍了自己与著名演员保罗 纽曼相识的情景 后面描述了两人的交往和深厚的友谊 最后一段指出两人的最后一面是在医院 由此推断出作者写这篇文章就是为了纪念自己的一位朋友 所以答案为b项 长难句原句 wesharedthebeliefthatifyou refortunateenoughtohavesuccess youshouldputsomethingback 分析 本句为复合句 句子的主干为wesharedthebelief that引导同位语从句 说明belief的内容 译文 我们有着相同的信念 那就是如果你足够幸运而成功了的话 你应该对这个世界有所回报 重点词汇experiencen 经历berespectfulof尊重humorousadj 幽默的aggressiveadj 有进取心的 passage4 2017天津 c 词数 330thismonth germany stransportminister alexanderdobrindt proposedthefirstsetofrulesforautonomousvehicles 自主驾驶车辆 theywoulddefinethedriver sroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformincrasheswherelivesmightbelost theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe deathvalley ofautonomousvehicles thegreyareabetweensemi autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverlessfuture dobrindtwantsthreethings thatacaralwayschoosesproperty 财产 damageoverpersonalinjury thatitneverdistinguishesbetweenhumansbasedonageorrace andthatifahumanremoveshisorherhandsfromthedrivingwheel tocheckemail say thecar smakerisresponsibleifthereisacrash thechangetotheroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving say