高考英语大一轮复习（应试基础必备+考法突破）专题19 主旨大意课件.ppt

第3部分阅读理解 专题19主旨大意 目录 题型应考技巧 题型考法解析 题型应考技巧 技巧1速读文章 明确主题技巧2瞻首顾尾 定位中心句技巧3转义概括 或取其一 技巧1速读文章 明确主题 技巧1速读文章 明确主题 技巧1速读文章 明确主题 例 lungcanceristheworstcancerkillerinamerica about160 440americansdieeachyearfromit morethan87percentoflungcancersaresmokingrelated accordingtothelungcancerorganization 本段的语篇结构为 点出主题 围绕主题展开陈述 论证或说明 本段主题句为 lungcanceristheworstcancerkillerinamerica 技巧2瞻首顾尾 定位中心句 例 smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer besidesthemostseriousandterriblecancer cigarettesmokingcanalsocauseotherhealthproblems forexample itcangiveonea smoker scough finally studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller cancer smokingisharmful isitworthit 解析 该段首先提出主题smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth 然后展开论述 最后用smokingisharmful进一步呼应主题句 吸烟对身体有害 故选d项 d whatisthepassagemainlyabout a waysofexperimentingonsmoking b informationaboutsmoking c smokingresultingincancer d sideeffectsofsmoking 技巧3转义概括 或取其一 例 onthesatellitedesignedbydana thereisaradarsystemthatwouldscanforandfindapieceofspacejunk then thrusters 推进器 wouldchangethesatellite sorbitsothatitcouldchasedowntheobject asthesatellitegotclosetothejunk cameraswouldkeepitontarget atthelastminute adoorthatleadstoabulletproof 防弹的 containerwouldopen andthengetthejunkswallowed finallywhenthetrashcontainerwasfull itwouldbeloweredtowardearthonakilometers longcableanditscontentsreleasedintotheupperatmosphere wherethespacejunkwouldharmlesslyburnup 解析 文章首句陈述了卫星的设计 卫星的雷达系统 接下来描述了推动器的工作情况 最后说明了垃圾容器的运行情况 根据对全文的分析 概括可知 文章主要告诉我们卫星是怎样运行的 故选c项 c whatisthispassagemainlyabout a howspacetrashcouldbeused b howdanadesignedhersatellite c howthesatellitewouldwork d howthesatellitewouldbecreated 600分考点真题例解 passage1passage2 体裁 议论文主题 沉默的含义及治疗价值词数 325建议用时 8 themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups silencesmaybethoughtful ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness uneasiness orworry silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap 间隙 withconversation personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson sneeds manynativeamericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople justassometraditionalchineseandthaipersonsdo therefore whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops whatmaybeimplied 暗示 isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing inthesecultures silenceisacallforreflection 从篇章的角度看 第一段开篇点题 引出了文章要说明的话题 沉默在不同的文化群体里代表的意义也不相同 从段落的角度看 该段的首尾呼应 告诉我们沉默具有文化特性 首尾两句也是解答本文第1题的关键信息 第二 三段具体介绍了不同文化背景下沉默的含义 第二段告诉我们 在美洲原住民 传统的中国人和泰国人的文化中 沉默是仔细思考的表现 第二段最后一句点明了本段的主题 沉默是呼吁对方作出反应 passage1 语篇线索 课标全国 2016 d otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower forexample russian french andspanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion however mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher instillanotheruse personsinasianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority nursesandothercare giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily anursewhounderstandsthehealing 治愈 valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures 第三段第一句为本段的主题句 其他文化可能会以其他方式使用沉默 第四段就护士和其他护理工作者如何充分利用不同文化背景下沉默所代表的意义更好地开展好自己的工作提出了建议 该段是解答第3题的信息所在 语篇线索 1 whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations a itimpliesanger b itpromotesfriendship c itisculture specific d itiscontent based 2 whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought a thechinese b thefrench c themexicans d therussians 语篇导读 本文主要介绍了在不同文化背景下沉默的不同内涵 1 c 解析 推理判断题 根据文章第一段首句themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups 以及最后两句silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessary 可知 沉默是因文化而异的 故选 项 2 a 解析 细节理解题 根据第二段第一句manynativeamericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople justassometraditionalchineseandthaipersonsdo 以及最后一句inthesecultures silenceisacallforreflection 可知 许多美洲原住民和传统的中国人 泰国人一样 认为人们沉默是想呼吁仔细思考 故选a项 3 whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence a letitcontinueasthepatientpleases b breakitwhiletreatingpatients c evaluateitsharmtopatients d makeuseofitshealingeffects 4 whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext a soundandsilenceb whatitmeanstobesilentc silencetonativeamericansd speechissilver silenceisgold 3 d 解析 细节理解题 根据最后一段的最后一句话可知 作者建议护士要理解沉默的治疗价值 然后利用这种理解辅助护理病人 故选d项 4 b 解析 主旨大意题 纵观全文可以看出 作者向我们介绍了不同的文化背景下沉默的意义 并提出要在现实生活 比如护理工作 中运用沉默来提升工作效果 故选b项 体裁 说明文主题 家居环境与饮食词数 325建议用时 6 yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure expertssaythewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff youcanmakeyourenvironmentworkforyouinsteadofagainstyou herearesomewaystoturnyourhomeintopartofyourdietplan openthecurtainsandturnupthelights darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating forpeopleareoftenlessself conscious 难为情 whenthey reinpoorlylitplaces andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood ifyourhomedoesn thaveenoughwindowlight getmorelampsandfloodtheplacewithbrightness mindthecolors researchsuggestswarmcolorsfuelourappetites inonestudy peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom warmcolorslikeyellowmakefoodappearmoreappetizing whilecoldcolorsmakeusfeellesshungry sowhenit stimetorepaint goblue 第一段首句为本文的主题句 你的房子可能会影响你的身材 第一段最后一句承上启下 点明了本文的说明对象 如何使你的房子成为你的饮食计划的一部分 第二段第一句为本段的主题句 拉开窗帘 打开灯 第三段第一句为本段的主题句 留意颜色 暖色会使我们的胃口大开 passage2 语篇线索 课标全国 2015 b don tforgettheclock ortheradio peoplewhoeatslowlytendtoconsumeabout70fewercalories 卡路里 permealthanthosewhorushthroughtheirmeals beginkeepingtrackofthetime andtrytomakedinnerlastatleast30minutes andwhileyou reatit actuallysitdowntoeat ifyouneedsomehelpslowingdown turnonrelaxingmusic itmakesyoulesslikelytorushthroughameal downsizethedishes bigservingbowlsandplatescaneasilymakeusfat weeatabout22percentmorewhenusinga12 inchplateinsteadofa10 inchplate whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone totalintake 摄入 jumpsby14percent andwe llpourabout30percentmoreliquidintoashort wideglassthanatall skinnyglass 第四段第一句为本段的主题句 不要忘记钟表 或收音机 第五段第一句为本段的主题句 缩小盘子的尺寸 语篇线索 1 thetextisespeciallyhelpfulforthosewhocareabout a theirhomecomfortsb theirbodyshapec housebuyingd healthydiets2 ahomeenvironmentinbluecanhelppeople a digestfoodbetterb reducefoodintakec burnmorecaloriesd regaintheirappetites 语篇导读 本文向我们介绍了家居环境对我们饮食的影响 然后给出了如何通过改变房间光线 墙壁的颜色 餐具的大小等来控制饮食 从而保持身材的建议 1 b 解析 推理判断题 根据文章第一段第一句yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure 你的房子可能会对你的身材有影响 和第二句 thewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff 你设计房子的方式对你是增肥还是减肥会起作用 可以推断文章对那些在乎身材的人尤其有帮助 故选b项 2 b 解析 细节理解题 根据第三段第三句inonestudy peoplewhoatemealsinablueroomconsumed33percentlessthanthoseinayelloworredroom 可知 研究发现 在蓝色房间内吃饭的人要比在黄色或红色房间内吃饭的人少吃33 的食物 故选b项 3 whatarepeopleadvisedtodoatmealtimes a eatquickly b playfastmusic c usesmallerspoons d turndownthelights 4 whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext a isyourhousemakingyoufat b waysofservingdinnerc effectsofself consciousnessd isyourhomeenvironmentrelaxing 3 c 解析 细节理解题 根据最后一段第四句whenwechoosealargespoonoverasmallerone totalintakejumpsby14percent 可知 当我们用大汤匙的时候 摄入的总量要比使用小汤匙多14 所以作者建议我们要想保持身材 就应该用较小的汤匙 故选c项 4 a 解析 主旨大意题 文章开篇点题yourhousemayhaveaneffectonyourfigure 然后从专家的角度进一步说明thewayyoudesignyourhomecouldplayaroleinwhetheryoupackonthepoundsorkeepthemoff 并给那些想减肥的人士提了一些房间布置的建议 故选a项 700分考法完美应对 考法1概括文章标题考法2概括文章主旨考法3归纳段落大意 题型考法解析 考法1概括文章标题 例 课标全国 2016 c readingcanbeasocialactivity thinkofthepeoplewhobelongtobookgroups theychoosebookstoreadandthenmeettodiscussthem now thewebsitebookcturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare bookcrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit brucepederson themanagingdirectorofbookcrossing says thetwothingsthatchangeyourlifearethepeopleyoumeetandbooksyouread bookcrossingcombinesboth bookcrossingispartofatrendamongpeoplewhowanttogetbacktothe real andnotthevirtual 虚拟 thesitenowhasmorethanonemillionmembersinmorethanonehundredthirty fivecountries 解析 主旨大意题 由第三段中的 thetwothingsthatchangeyourlifearethepeopleyoumeetandbooksyouread bookcrossingcombinesboth 可知 bookc能使人们通过传递书而产生交集 这一过程把改变人生最重要的两样东西 遇到的人和阅读的书 联系在一起 d项的标题能够涵盖文章的中心思想 故选d项 d 32 whatisthebesttitleforthetext a onlinereading avirtualtourb electronicbooks anewtrendc abookgroupbringstraditionbackd awebsitelinkspeoplethroughbooks 考法2概括文章主旨 例 课标全国 2013 a somepeoplewilldojustaboutanythingtosavemoney andiamoneofthem takemyfamily slastvacation itwasmysix year oldson swinterbreakfromschool andwewereheadinghomefromfortlauderdaleafteraweeklongtrip theflightwasoverbooked anddelta theairline offeredus 400perpersonincreditstogiveupourseatsandleavethenextday ihadmeetingsinnewyork soihadtogetback butthatdidn tmeanmyhusbandandmysoncouldn tstay itookmynine month oldandtookoffforhome thenextday myhusbandandsonwereofferedmorecreditstotakeanevenlaterflight yes iencouraged okay ordered themtowaititoutattheairportto earn moredeltadollars ourtotaltake 1 600 notbad huh nowsomepeoplemaythinki mabadmotherandnotsuchagreatwifeeither butasabig timebargainhunter iknowthevalueofadollar andthesedays agooddealissomethingfewofuscanaffordtopassup i vemadealivinglookingforthebestdealsandexposing 揭露 theworsttricks andireallydowhatibelievein 例 课标全国 2013 a itellyouthisbecausethereisnoshameingettingyourmoney sworth i malsotight fistedwhenitcomestoshoes clothesformychildren andexpensiverestaurants butiwouldn thesitatetospendonagoodhaircu