高考英语 阅读理解抓分练习精品题（21）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分练习精品（21）及答案阅读理解-cmost of us think that when we step under a shower were getting cleanwe are, but were also giving a home to lots of tiny little creatures we didnt even know abouta showerhead carries thousands of bacteria （细菌） called mycobacteriumthese can cause problems like coughs and tiredness, and a general feeling of poorliness （身体不舒服）when you turn on the water, the bacteria go from the showerhead onto and into your bodythis is a finding of norman rpace and his team at the university of colorado, in the usthe scientists investigated bacteria in all kinds of human environment, including showerspaces team looked at 45 showerheads in nine american citiesthey discovered that 30 percent of them had large amounts of flying mycobacteriumbut pace said that they pose few threats to the healthonly those with a frail （脆弱的） immune （免疫的） system might need to worryhe told the new york times that the bactertia are not as unpleasant as might be thoughthe said that having a shower is no more dangerous than anything else we do in the morningbut for those who feel sick about the idea of all those microorganisms （微生物）, he had some advicelet the water run for 30 seconds before getting into the showerwhy? the number of bacteria is smaller than when the water is just turned onif that seems like a waste of water, he added that you could also change your showerhead every few monthsbut pace had good news toohe has also been testing the air in us subwaysapart from iron particles （粒子）, which are ground off the track by the wheels of trains, subway air is freshthe reason is that a trains movement pumps fresh outdoor air into the tunnels（隧道）pace explained that he wanted to understand the natural microbial（微生物的） environments of public placesthis kind of knowledge might help detect the microbes to be used in a bioterrorist （生物恐怖分子） attack64according to the finding of norman rpace, after taking a shower, we might _aget much dirtier bbe covered by bacteriacget a frail immune system dcatch a cough or feel tired65paces research into showers shows that _athere is no reason to fear microorganismbshower water contains much less bacteria after being left to run for 30 secondchaving a shower in the morning is more dangerous than at other timedof 45 showerheads surveyed in nine cities, 30 carried large amounts of mycobacterium66according to the research of paces team, which of the following contributes to fresh air in us subways?atrain wheelsbiron particlescthe movement of the trains dair conditioners on the trains67the word “detect” in the last paragraph probably means “_”ato discover bto protect cto make dto prevent64d考查细节理解。第二段说，淋浴的喷头上有数以千计的细菌，使用者会引起咳嗽、疲劳、身体不舒服的症状。65b考查细节理解。从第八段可知b项陈述正确。66c考查细节理解。第九段说，他们的研究发现，地铁列车的来回移动将外面的空气抽到隧道里，因此地铁的空气很新鲜。67a考查猜测词义。从语境看，划线词表示了解公共场合的自然微生物环境，了解这方面的知识能帮助我们“监测/发现”恐怖分子的生物攻击所使用的微生物。1successful people in international business understand the cultures of other countries and learn to change their practices in different cultures. they understand the importance of avoiding business decisions based on misconceptionsmistaken ideasone cause of misconceptions is ethnocentrism, the belief that ones own cultures way of doing things is better than the way of other cultures. its ethnocentrism that leads to failure in international business. to avoid ethnocentrism, its necessary to study the different elements (组成部分) of culture：language, values and attitudes, and customs and manners.languagea knowledge of the local language can help international business people in four ways. first, people can communicate directly.second, people are usually more open in their communication with someone who speaks their language. third, an understanding of the language allows people to infer meanings that are not said directly.finally, knowing the language helps people to understand the culture better.values and attitudesvalues are peoples basic beliefs about the difference between right and wrong, good and bad. an attitude is a way of thinking or acting. values and attitudes influence international business. for example，many people in the united states believe that chocolate from switzerland is better than chocolate from other countries, and they buy a lot of it.customs and mannerscustoms are common social practices. manners are ways of acting that the society believes are polite. for example, in the united states, it is the custom to have salad (色拉) before the main course at dinner, not after. its not acceptable to talk with food in mouth at table. failure to understand the customs and manners of other countries will bring difficulty selling their products. orange juice as a breakfast drink of an american company in france doesnt sell well because the french dont usually drink juice with breakfast.【文章大意概括】成功的国际商人之所以能取得成功，一个重要原因是他们能够理解不同的民族文化，并能够根据不同的文化而改变自己的行为。针对如何避免每个人心中由来已久的“民族优越感”，文章就态度和价值观及风俗习惯等几方面提出了建议。1a knowledge of the local language allows international business people_.a. to be more open with their customersb. to communicate without outside helpc. to express their thoughts indirectlyd. to have a better idea of their own culture【详解剖析】事实细节题。由第三段中的first，people can communicate directly.可知本题选b。【最佳选项】b2the act of many people buying chocolate of switzerland shows the role of_.a. mannersb. valuesc. attitudes d. customs【详解剖析】推理判断题。由values and attitudes这一部分an attitude is a way of thinking or acting.可知答案为c。【最佳选项】c3what would be the best title for the text?a. misconceptions in businessb. basic beliefs in businessc. international business cultured. successful international business【详解剖析】主旨大意题。第二段是文章的主题段，由本段可知本题选c。【最佳选项】c4the authors purpose of writing this article is to tell people_.a. how to take a right attitude in businessb. how to avoid misunderstandings in businessc. how to use a local language in businessd. how to act politely and properly in business【详解剖析】推理判断题。由第二段可知作者的写作意图是针对如何避免每个人心中由来已久的“民族优越感”提出建议，故本题选b。【最佳选项】b*2“get your hands off me , i have been stolen，” the laptop，a portable computer, shouted. that is a new solution to laptop computer theft: a program that lets owners give their property a voice when it has been taken.the program allows users to display alerts on the missing computer s screen and even to set a spoken message. tracking software for stolen laptops has been on the market for some time, but this is thought to be the first that allows owners to give the thief a piece of their mind.owners must report their laptop missing by visiting a website, which sends a message to the model: a red and yellow “lost or stolen” sign appears on its screen when it is started.under the latest version(版本) of the software, users can also send a spoken message.the message can be set to reappear every 30 seconds, no matter how many times the thief closes it. “one customer sent a message saying，you are being tracked. i am right at your door ，” said carrie hafeman, chief executive of the company which produces the program, retriever.in the latest version, people can add a spoken message.for example, the laptop s speakers will say: “help, this laptop is reported lost or stolen. if you are not my owner, report me now.”the retriever software package, which costs $ 29.95 but has a free trial period, has the functions of many security software programs.owners can remotely switch to an alternative password if they fear that the thief has also got hold of the access details.if a thief accesses the internet with the stolen laptop, retriever will collect information on the internet service provider in use, so that the police can be alerted to its location.thousands of laptops are stolen every year from homes and offices, but with the use of laptops increasing, the number stolen while their owners are out and about has been rising sharply.other security software allows users to erase data remotely or lock down the computer.【文章大意概括】随着社会的发展，使用手提电脑的人越来越多，而盗窃手提电脑的行为也变得猖獗。本文介绍了一种新版本的电脑软件，电脑拥有者能够在程序中输入声音，一旦电脑被盗，只要被打开，它就会有规律地提醒盗贼，电脑不是他的，或者帮助主人发泄愤怒。1、the expression “to give the thief a piece of their mind” can be understood as“_”a. to give the thief an alert mindb. to express the owners anger to the thiefc. to remind the thief of his conscienced. to make the thief give up his mind【详解剖析】细节推理题。根据文章第一段中的“get your hands off me，i have been stolen”和下文第四段中的“you are being tracked.i am right at your door.”可推测出被盗者是很生气的，他通过电脑软件设计出的言语来表达自己的愤怒。所以答案选b。【最佳选项】b2、different from other security software, retriever can_.a. record the stealing processb. help recognize the lost laptopc. lock down the computer remotelyd. send a spoken message【详解剖析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句话“in the latest version，people call add a spoken message.”可知d项正确。a项没有提及；b项的recognize表述错误；c项不是这种新的安全程序所特有的，故答案为d。【最佳选项】d3、one function of the program is that it allows the owner to_at a distance.a. change some access details for switching on the laptopb. turn on the laptop by using the original passwordc. operate the laptop by means of an alternative passwordd. erase the information kept in the stolen laptop【详解剖析】细节理解题。根据文章第六段的最后一句话“owners can remotely switch to an alternative password if they fear that the thief has also got hold of the access details.”可知a项正确。【最佳选项】a4、which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?a. with no retriever, thousands of laptops are stolen every year.b. a new software provides a means to reduce laptop theft.c. retriever has helped to find thieves and lost computers.d. a new program offers a communication platform with the thief.【详解剖析】主旨大意题。这篇文章主要介绍了一种新的电脑软件，它可以提供多种安全程序，使得电脑偷盗者无处藏身，从而减少电脑被盗。a项太绝对了；c项只是文章的一个小的方面，并不是主题；d项表述错误，不符合文章的意思。【最佳选项】b阅读理解-dsince weeks ago, china has been involved in a worldwide a/h1n1 flu that has already killed more than 80 people in the middle of may, 2009, in mexico and has turned into a global pandemicthe central government has asked people entering china from the virus-hit countries to report flu-like symptoms（症状）to the authoritiesin an emergency notice issued on saturday night, the countrys top quality watchdog ordered the customs to check passengers temperature, tooa beijing airport official li said customs officers are on a high alert（警戒）level“three temperature detectors are now in operationwere ready with protection garments and equipment, toopassengers flying in from mexico and other a/h1n1 flu-hit countries are being monitored closely,” he saidthe ministry of health, however, said yesterday there was no evidence to suggest that a person would contract the disease by eating porkhong kong, too, has raised its alert level against the flu to “serious”secretary for foodhealth, mryork chow urged people to avoid visiting places from where a/h1n1 flu cases have been reported, and said the virus would be added to hong kongs list of the diseases which have been noticedthe terrible a/ h1n1 flu has been contracted by about 4000 people in mexico, and most of the killed were aged between 25