高考英语 黄金易错点专题汇编 专题06 动词的时态和语态(1).doc

2014高考英语 黄金易错点专题汇编 专题06 动词的时态和语态1 .he was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.a. were deciding b. have decided c. decided d. will decide2. they _ on the program for almost one week before i joined them, and now we it as no good results have come out so far. a. had been working; are still working b. had worked; were still working c. have been working; have worked d. have worked; are still working3.has sam finished his homework today? i have no idea. he _ it this morning. a. did b. has done c. was doing d. had done4. the window is dirty. i know. it for weeks. a. hasnt cleaned b. didnt clean c. wasnt cleaned d. hasnt been cleaned5.thank goodness, you are here! what_ you?traffic jam.a. keeps b. is keeping c. had kept d. kept6. the crazy fans patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.a. were waiting b. had been waiting c. had waited d. would wait7.maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _ such a beautiful palace.a. can you find b. you could tlnd c. you can find d. could you find8. the number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people to eat more fruit and vegetables.a. persuade b. will persuaded c. be persuaded d. are persuaded9 .millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of england last night.a. has been caused b. had been caused c. will be caused d. will have been caused10.why did you leave that position? i _ a better position at ibm.a. offer b. offered c. am offered d. was offered11. sarah,hurry up. im afraid you wouldnt have time to _ before the party.a. get changed b. get change c. get changing d. get to change12.according to the art dealer, the painting to go for at least a million dollars. a. is expected b. expects c. expected d. is expecting13. the mayor of beijing says that all construction work for the beijing olympics _ by 2007. a. has been completed b. has completed c. will have been completed d. will have completed14、when the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain.a. started; had already hidden b. had started; had already hidden c. had started; was hiding d. was starting; hid15. scientists think that the continents _ where they _ today.a. arent; are b. arent; were c. werent; are d. werent; were16. lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions.a. will never reach b. have never reached c. never reach d. never reached6.【错误解答】 a、c、或d【易错点点睛】 题于意思为:那些疯狂的影迷已经耐心地等了两个小时，而且他们会一直等到那位影星的出现谓语是针对过去某个时候而言一直持续的状态，故需要用过去完成进行时 不是过去某个时候正在发生的动作 (a)或即将发生的动作(d):若选c，最好是不再继续等待。 【正确解答】 b13. 【错误解答】 d【易错点点睛】 题干中有明显的时间状语by 2007，是一个将来的时间。短语by+将来的时间和将来完成时连用，同时construction和complete是被动关系，故用将来完成时的被动语态形式。【正确解答】 c易错起源1、常见的八种时态及其延伸时态的含义和基本用法 例1 now that she is out of job, lucy going back to school, but she hasat decided yet.a. had considered b. has been considering c. considered d. is going to considered1.一般现在时有计划的动作常用来表示计划、安排好了的将来动作，如go，come，start，leave，take off(起飞)，arrive，return等。例如:i leave for beijing next monday.the meeting begins in a minute.在here，there，in等开头的倒装句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如: i leave for beijing next monday.there goes the bell. in came the teacher.(3)表示感觉、状态、思想或理解的动词，如see ，hear，think，hope，wish，know， forget，understand，like，hate，mean，be feel，fit 等常有可用于一般现在时。例如: i feel a sudden pain in my head.2.一般过去时在口语中，want，hope，wish，wonder，think等动词可用一般过去时表示现在的一种委婉的语气或一种试探性的态度；情态动词的过去式could， should，would，might也可用于现在或将来时表示一种委婉语气。例如:i wanted to ask if you could help me.could you lend me your dictionary?would you like to have a walk in the garden with me?what should i do now? 3.一般将来时(1)条件状语从句中，will可以用作情态动词，表示“意愿”。will还可以用作表示一种倾向或习惯动作。例如: if you will wait for me, i shall go with you. (表示意愿) crops will die without water. (表示倾向性)where there is water, there will be life. (表示习惯性)be doing限于某些非延续性动词，如go， come，leave，start，finish等，表示按计划安排要发生的事。例如:i am finishing my homework.he is coming.they are leaving for tibet.4.现在进行时 (1)用来表示现阶段正在进行的动作，尽管此刻这一动作不一定正在进行。例如:how are you getting along with your work these days?(2)在时间、条件状语从句中，有时可用进行时来代替一般将来时。例如:dont mention this when you are talking with the manager.(3)现在进行时与always，all the time，forever， constantly等词连用时，表示感叹、惊讶、厌恶等情绪。例如:he is always thinking of his study. (表示赞许)tom is talking his past all the time. (表示厌恶)(4)连系动词look，feel，smdl，taste，sound等，表示心理的动词want，like，prefer，have等一般不用于进行时态，也没有被动语态。但是，turn，become，get，grow，go等表示由一种状态进入另一种状态时，用进行时。例如:she feels worse today.the fish smells good.the rich man is becoming poorer and poorer.(改变状态)its getting darker and darker.(改变状态)5.般过去时和现在完成时的区别(1)一般过去时所表示的一个和一段过去时间是可以具体确定的，与其他时间没有牵连。所表示的事情纯属过去，和现在的情况没有关系。who pointed out the mistake?he will never be what he used to be.he went to town yesterday. ( 过去某次 )when i was young, i took bath regularly. (过去经常)i would tell him the great changes when i was in his home. (经常发生的动作)现在完成时表示的事情发生在不能具体指出的现在以前的过去某个或某段时间，所表示的事情与现在情况有关系，是过去事情在现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。例如:have you ever been to shanghai?he has gone to the library.(2)一般过去时常用的时间状语有yesterday， last night，two days ago，at that time等；例如:at that time, he was very poor.i finished my homework two days ago.现在完成时常用的状语，副词有already，just， yet，never，ever，before等，与表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语连用，如today， now，lately，recently，in the lastpast few days weeksyears，since then，up to now，so far等。例如:i have never seen such a big apple.he has remembered 500 words this month.he has been there for five months.i havent seen him since 典型例题 i havent seen him since he left.i wont believe you until i have seen it with my own eyes.比较下面句子，体会两种时态的不同:he served in the army from 1999 to 典型例题指过去的一件事，现在不是军人) he has served in the army for 6 years.(现在还在服役)he wrote many novels when he was at college. (写许多小说是读大学时的事情) he has written many novels。(写过许多小说，还在写)i saw war and peace lastyear.(去年看的)i have seen war and peace before.(以前看过)现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：现在完成时的动作发生在过去，对现在有着影响；现在完成进行时则强调延续或直接结果。例如: you look so tired ,what have you been doing?we have been discussing the problem but we havent drawn a conclusion.易错起源2、主动语态、被动语态的含义和用法 例2 why dont you put the meat in the fridge? it will fresh for several days.a. be stayed b. stay c. be staying d. have stayed 【错误解答】 a【易错点点睛】 一方面题干的意思说明“可以保留好几天”，是将来时态，一方面动词stay这里用作连系动词，不能用于被动语态，所以选b。【正确解答】 b1.在口语和非正式场合下为了强调动作，常用“get+过去分词”结构。有时带有不愉快、不顺利 的含义。其否定和疑问句要借助动词do来构成。有时也会出现“become+过去分词”的结构。例如: he got wounded in a battle.she got married last week.the patient gets treated once a week.did you get scolded yesterday?he became seized with a deep sorrow.2.短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态形式短语动词的被动结构中，构成短语动词的介词或副词不能省略。情态动词的被动语态形式是:情态动词 + be + 过去分词。例如:the old woman was often laughed at.the doctor has been sent for.time must be made good use of.the plan will be given up.bad habits have been done away with.the plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.3.主动形式表示被动意义的情况:1)某些连系动词的主动形式表示被动意义，如look(看上去)，smell，taste，sound，feel，appear (似乎)，prove(证明)，后面接形容词或名词做表语。例如:the roses smell sweet.the theory proved true.the examination turned out easy.2)某些具有及物意义的不及物动词的主动形式表示被动意义，如read，write，translate，record， lock，shut，open，wash，clean，run，sell等，此时主语大多指物，并且一般和副词连用。例如:your composition reads well.his voice records well.the door locks easily.the coat wears well.3)表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin， finish，start，open，close，stop，end，shut，rna，move等。例如work began at 7oclock this morning.the shop closes at 6 p.m. everyday.4)少数动词用于进行时，主动形式表示被动含义，如print，build，cook，fly，hang，make等。例如:the books are printing.the meat is cooking.my coat is hanging behind the door.某些不及物动词(短语)的主动形式表示被动的意义。常见的有:happen，take place，break out，belong to，go out，run out等。例如:the accident happened yesterday evening.the anti -japanese war broke out in 1937.the fire went out gradually.all of our food has run out.易错起源3、情态动词+have+过去分词结构 例3that was really a splendid evening. its years _ i enjoyed myself so much.a. when b. that c. before d. since固定句式中的时态和语态的情况: 1.在if, unlless，evenif 引导的条件状语从句中，在when，until(till)，as soon ss，the moment，once引导的时间状语从句中，no mater whatwhowhichwhenwherehow或whateverwhoeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverhowever引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句是将来时(往往出现will shallcanmust)或主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如:ill not go unless i am invited.tell him the news as soon as he comes.2. “be + to do”表示拟订或计划中将发生的行为或按职责义务必须去做的事情；“be about to do”表示即将发生的事，句中一般不使用时间状语。例如:all the questions are to be answered at once.(表示拟订的事情)no one is to leave the room without the permission of the police.(表示按职责必须做的事)they are about to leave tonight.(错误，去掉tonight)3.语境中的过去时，往往表示“刚才，刚刚”的意思，暗示现在已“不再这样”。例如:i dont knew you were here.(说话时已经知道了你在这儿)i never thought he would do that.(说话时已经知道了他会这样做)4.表示愿望、打算一类的词，如hope，expect， mean，intend，want，think，suppose，want等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。例如:i had hoped to see more of newyork.(实际上没能实现)i had meant to help you，but i was too busy at that moment.(本来打算帮你，但没有实现)i had thought that he would come tomorrow. (结果是他明天不能来)三个特殊句式的固定时态。(1)thisit is the firstsecond.time + that从句。从句中一般用现在完成时，前面的is为was时，则用过去完成时。例如:this the firsr time i have come to the famous city.it was the forth time he had made the same mistake.(2)it ishas been + 一段时间 + since从句。 since从句中一般用一般过去时，如果前面是was，则since从句中用过去完成时。例如:it was ten years since we had hadsuch a wonderful time.(3)it + be + 一段时间 + before从句。如果主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，意思是多长时间后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意思是多长时间后发生了某事。例如:it wont be long before he succeeds.(要不了多久他就会成功)it was ten years before they met again.(十年后,他们又见面了) 1. i would have attended your birthday party last night but for the fact that it _ at that time. a. would rain b. was raining c. had rained d. had been raining2. hes already gone homebut before he lefthe_all the mistakes in his paperawould correct bhas corrected ccorrected dhad corrected3.- its many years since i saw you last； i _ you at all.- i wouldnt have, either, if someone _ you by the name.adidnt recognize; hadnt called bdidnt recognize; didnt callchavent recognized; didnt call drecognized; had called4. -what do you think of the eiffel tower?-splendidwhen i was in france，i it.ahave visited b. had visited ccould visit d. visited5. my mum is not in beijing now. she has gone to paris. oh, can you tell me when she _?a. is leaving b. would leave c. has left d. left6. i wonder if you could go with me to the post office. id like to, but i _ my experiment report and have to finish it this afternoon.a. wrote b. was writing c. have written d. am writing7.the iphone 4s has been on the market for some timehave you got one?yes, i _ one during my visit to hong kongahave bought bbought chad bought dwould buy8. the decision _ for almost a year because of the local residents complaints that the newly-built factory would disturb the quietness of the place.a. has been delayed b. was delayed c. would be delayed d. will be delayed9. before i began this job, i _ a baby sitter for two years.a. have been b. was c. would be d. had been10. the diamond mine _ accidentally by a little boy when he was playing hide-and-seek.a. discovered b. was discovered c. has been discovered d. would discover11.i have just received another message, telling me i have won a big prizedont jump on ityou _ashould be cheated bare being cheated care cheating dmust have cheated12. it is reported that many a new house _ at present in the disaster areaaare being built bwere being built cwas being built dis being built13.have you seen the film? yes. i _it three times when i was in america.a. sawb. had seenc. have seend. was seeing14.where is tom? well, he _you _hereotherwise he would come down right nowa