高考英语知识点复习教案19.doc

2014高考英语知识点复习教案重点单词1._n.缺席；不在；缺乏；不存在_adj.缺席的；缺乏的；不存在的2_adj.不省人事的；未意识到的；无意识的_n.无意识；意识不清；人事不省3_vt.扎牢；系牢；束紧_n.纽扣；拉链_n.扣件；紧固件4_vt.保证；担保n.保证；保证书_n.保证人；担保人5_vt.校正；校准；调整；调节vi.适应_n.调节；校正；调整6_adj.紧的；绷紧的；吝啬的adv.紧紧地_adv.紧紧地_vt.(使)变紧7_vt.使窘迫；使尴尬；使不好意思_n.窘迫；困惑；为难_adj.使人尴尬的_adj.感到窘迫的；尴尬的8_int.谢谢；再见；干杯_adj.令人振奋的；令人欢欣鼓舞的_adj.高兴的；快乐的；兴高采烈的9_vt.包围；环绕；围绕_adj.周围的_n.周围的事物；环境10_vt.通知；告知；向报告_n.情报；资料；消息_adj.见多识广的；了解情况的重点短语1._(使)走在前面；进步；获得成功2._流行起来；懂得；理解3._未意识到4._故意；有意5._遵守；信守；坚持6._花费；付出(时间等)；打断；插嘴；安装；正式提出；申请7_如果；只要；倘若；条件是8_简单地说重点句式1.ifyousawafatherpattinghissononthebackwhile_smiling_happily,_whatwouldyouthinkwasgoingon?2thenumbersofgalapagostortoisesare_said_tohavebeguntheirdeclinewhenitwasrealizedthat.核心语法名词性从句自我校对重点单词：1absence;absent2.beunconscious;unconsciousness3.fasten;fastener;fastening4.guarantee;guarantor5adjust;adjustment6.tight;tightly;tighten7.embarrass;embarrassment;embarrassing;embarrassed8cheers;cheering;cheerful9.surround;surrounding;rm;information;informed重点短语：1videdthat8.toputitsimply重点词汇探究1absencen缺席；不在；缺乏；不存在常与介词from连用。in(during)onesabsence/in(during)theabsenceofsb当某人不在时absenceofmind心不在焉；发呆1)hislong_raisedfearsabouthissafety.他长期不在使得大家担心他的安全。2)whatwastherealreasonforyour_？你缺席的真正原因是什么？3)weare_experience.我们缺乏经验。【答案】1)absence2)absence3)intheabsenceof(1)完成句子_themanager,ishallbeincharge.经理不在时，由我负责。【答案】intheabsenceof(2)名校押题(2010山东省实验中学诊断性测试)theoldmantoldthestorywith_ofanyhumour,whichmadeusdisappointed.aappearancebabsencecsensedemotion【答案与解析】b考查名词。题意：老人讲故事缺乏幽默感，这让我们非常失望。appearance“外表；出现”；absenceofhumour“缺乏幽默感”；asenseofhumour“幽默感”；emotion“情感”。2surroundvt.包围；围住；围绕；环绕；与紧密相关surroundsb/sth(withsb/sth)(使某人/某物)包围某人/某物；围住某人/某物(尤指使之无法脱逃)surroundsth/sb(by/withsth)(常用于被动语态)包围或环绕某人/某物surroundoneselfwith喜欢结交(某类人)；喜欢身边总有(某类东西)1)theyhave_thetownwithtroops.他们出动军队包围了这个镇。2)trees_thepond.池塘四周绿树环抱。3)thehouse_highwalls.房子的四周有高墙。4)thenewplan_muchspeculation.新计划备受猜疑。【答案】1)surrounded2)surround3)wassurroundedby4)issurroundedby(1)完成句子davidlovedto_youngpeople.戴维很喜欢和年轻人在一起。【答案】surroundhimselfwith(2)名校押题(2011江苏南京调研)shehasalwaysbeen_withfashionablefriends.asurroundedbsurveyedcsuspecteddsurvived【答案与解析】a考查动词。besurroundedwithsb是surroundoneselfwithsb的被动形式，意为“被某人环绕着”。3adjustvt.&vi.调整；调节；适应；习惯adjustonesclock把钟表调准adjustto(doing)sth适应/习惯(做)某事adjustoneselftosth使某人自己适应某事1)thebraveguydeterminedto_thedesertlifeinafricasoon.这个勇敢的小伙子决心使自己很快适应非洲沙漠的生活。2)thenewstudentsslowly_thenewlife.新生们逐渐地适应了新生活。【答案】1)adjusthimselfto2)adjustedthemselvesto(1)完成句子she_thenewclimate.她很快适应了新气候。【答案】adapted(herself)quicklyto(2)名校押题(2010浙江八校联考)overtheyears,wealllearnedto_andtoadapttoournewfamilyarrangement.aadjustbconcernccombineddeclare【答案与解析】a考查动词。题意：经过这些年以后，我们都学会了调整自己，学会了适应我们新的家庭规则。4embarrassvt.使(某人)觉得不自然、忸怩、尴尬或害羞；使(某人)不安或焦虑常跟sb作宾语或用于被动语态。1)youdidnt_meintheslightest.你一点也没让我为难。2)shedraggedupthatincidentagainjust_me.她又扯起那件事故意让我难堪。3)he_manydebts.他被很多债务弄得焦头烂额。【答案】1)embarrass2)toembarrass3)wasembarrassedby(1)完成句子whenibegantosing,helaughed,whichmademe_.我开始唱歌时，他大笑起来，这使我感到很尴尬。【答案】embarrassed(2)名校押题(2010江苏南京调研)itis_thatourstreetsaresodirty.aembarrassmentbembarrassedcembarrassingdembarrass【答案与解析】c题意：我们的街道这么脏，真叫人难堪。此句中的it为形式主语，is后面要填形容词，且在此句中的含义是“令人难堪的”。5congratulatevt.祝贺；庆贺；恭喜congratulatesbon(doing)sth因某事向某人道贺congratulateyourself(onsth)(为成就或成功)感到高兴；感到自豪congratulation为名词形式，意为“恭贺；祝贺”，一般用复数形式。1)i_you_yourgreatdiscovery.我祝贺你的伟大发现。2)iwantto_youwithallmyheart.我衷心地祝贺你。【答案】1)congratulate;on2)congratulatecongratulate和celebratecongratulate专指对个人经过努力获得的成功的祝贺，只以言语表达祝贺之意；celebrate指以行为(如送礼、开聚会等)来庆祝生日、节日等。congratulate的宾语一般是人，而celebrate的宾语一般是事件。(1)完成句子ithinkheexpectstobe_everytimehedoesthewashingup.我觉得他期望每次做了大扫除都受表扬一番。【答案】congratulated(2)名校押题(2009山东)johnandiwillcelebrateourfortiethweddinganniversarynextmonth.oh,_！acheerupbwelldonecgoaheaddcongratulations【答案与解析】d考查交际用语。表示祝贺用congratulations。cheerup“高兴起来；振作起来”；welldone“干得好”，表示夸赞；goahead“开始吧”。6guaranteevt.保证；担保n.保证；担保；保证金；抵押品guardvt.保卫；警卫n.警卫员；看守guarantorn.担保人；保证人1)wecannot_thepunctualarrivaloftrainsinfoggyweather.我们不能保证火车在雾天能正点到达。2)anadvanceddegreeisno_ofadreamjob.拥有高学历并不能保证你会找到理想的工作。【答案】1)guarantee2)guarantee(1)完成句子we_thatyoullenjoyyourself.我们包你玩得痛快。【答案】guarantee(2)名校押题(2010山东百所名校联考)ifyousendtheapplicationforminstraightaway,ican_youaninterview.aguaranteebconcludecevaluatedassume【答案与解析】a考查动词。guarantee“保证”；conclude“推断；结束”；evaluate“评价；评估”；assume“假定；认为；以为”。7informvt.通知；告知；熟悉vi.(向警方)告发或检举informsb(of/aboutsth)告知/检举某人某事informsbthat熟悉/了解/检举informagainst/onsb告发某人1)please_mebyletterofyourplans.请来信告诉我你的计划。2)ifyouseeanythingsuspicious,_thepoliceatonce.你要是看到什么可疑的东西就马上通知警察。3)allthosewhoareimmediatelyinvolvedwill_thedecision.这个决定将被通知给所有直接有关的人。4)he_thepolicethatsomemoneywasmissing.他向警方报案说钱不见了。5)oneofthecriminals_therestofthegang.有一罪犯告发了同党。【答案】1)inform2)inform3)beinformedof4)informed5)informedagainst(1)完成句子ireadthenewspapertokeepmyself_astowhatishappeningeverywhere.我看报纸让自己知道世界上发生了什么事。【答案】informed(2)名校押题(2010浙江省重点中学联考)i_ofthedecisionuntilyesterdaymorning.agotinformedbdidntinformcwasntinformeddwasinformed【答案与解析】cinform意为“通知；让某人知道”，为及物动词，其宾语为人，此处应该用被动式，即be/getinformed；另外本句运用了not.until结构。8ensurevt.确保；保证ensuremakesure“确保；保证”其后可以跟sth/that从句/sbsth作宾语。1)hisabilitywill_himsuccess.他的能力确保他会成功的。2)ican_theworkshallbedoneontime.我可以保证工作会按时完成。【答案】1)ensure2)ensurethat(1)完成句子theroleofthepoliceis_thelawisobeyed.警察的作用就是保证人们遵守法律。【答案】toensure(2)名校押题(2010海南重点中学联考)to_thechildsquickrecovery,manydoctorsandnursestookturnsinlookingafterhimdayandnight.aapproachbrequirecensuredpromise【答案与解析】c考查动词。ensuremakesureabout/of“确保；保证”。重点短语探究1getahead(使)走在前面；取得进步；获得成功getabout/around/round(消息、谣言等)传播；流传get(sth)across(tosb)(使某事)传播或为人理解getalongwithsb与某人合得来；与某人和睦相处getsthback失而复得；重新得到getoversth克服；战胜；掌握getthrough用完；消耗掉(一定量的某物)；(设法)做或完成某事；接通电话get(sb)through(sth)(帮助某人)(考试、测验等)及格1)thecarbehindwantsto_us.后面那辆车想超过我们。2)bydoingextrahomework,hesoon_hisclassmates.他靠多做家庭作业，很快在班上名列前茅。3)ive_mywork.我的工作已经有进展了。【答案】1)getaheadof2)gotaheadof3)gotaheadwith(1)完成句子healwaystriesto_othersineverything.他总是试图处处领先他人。【答案】getaheadof(2)名校押题(2011黄冈中学高三一模)itriedphoningheroffice,buticouldnt_.agetalongbgetoncgettodgetthrough【答案与解析】d考查动词短语。getalong和geton都意为“相处；进展”；getto“到达”；getthrough“打通电话”。2onpurpose有意地；故意地同义短语：bydesign反义短语：byaccident/chanceonpurpose有意地；故意地tothepurpose中肯tonopurpose无效；没有作用forthepurposeof为了1)whatisthe_ofthemeeting?会议的目的是什么？2)ifyoujokewithhimhellthinkyouareinsultinghim_.如果你和他开玩笑，他会认为你在有意羞辱他。【答案】1)purpose2)onpurpose(1)完成句子1)hehaslefthisbookhere_，sothatyoucanreadit.他故意把书留在这里以便你能读一读。2)hespokenothing_.他说的一点都不得要领。3)allmyeffortwere_.我所有的努力都付之东流了。4)icametobrighton_seeingyou.我到布赖顿是特地来看你的。【答案】1)onpurpose2)tothepurpose3)tonopurpose4)forthepurposeof(2)名校押题(2011山东省实验中学模拟)forgivehim,please.idontthinkhebrokeyourmirror_.awithcarebonpurposecforfundwithaim【答案与解析】b题意：请原谅他吧，我认为他不是故意把你的镜子打碎的。3catchon流行起来；受欢迎；懂得；理解becaughtin(therain,atrap)遇雨；陷入(圈套)catchat试图一把抓住catchsomeonedoingsth撞上/发现某人在做某事catchupwith追上；赶上1)itisanicesongandithinkitwill_quickly.这首歌很好，我想它很快会流行起来。2)hesalwaysthelastto_.他总是最后一个弄明白。3)afterafewdaysonthejob,youll_whatyouredoing.工作几天后，你就会对你的工作内容有所了解了。4)theladyrepeatedherquestionseveraltimesbutistillcouldnt_.那位女士把她的问题重复了好几遍，但我还是没有听懂。【答案】1)catchon2)catchon3)catchonto4)catchon(1)完成句子heinventedanewgame,butitneverreally_.他发明了一种新的游戏，但从未真正流行起来。【答案】caughton(2)名校押题(2010吉林省实验中学月考)ittookmealongtimeto_thedirectionsonthemachine.acatchontobcatchupwithcturntodreferto【答案与解析】a考查动词短语。题意：我花了很长时间才看懂机器上的说明。catchonto“懂得；理解”；catchupwith“追上；赶上”；turnto“转向；求助于”；referto“查阅；参考”。4keepto固守；遵守；坚持；待在某处；靠向；使不偏离；限制在(某话题、某范围内)keepat继续做keepback阻止；控制；隐瞒；扣留；延迟keepoff避开；不吃；不喝；勿走近；阻止keepon继续keepout留在外面；使不进入keepup保持；持续keepupwith跟上；不落后keepawayfrom不靠近；远离keepsbdoingsth让某人一直做某事keepsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事keepsthinmind记住某事keepintouchwith与保持联系1)healways_hispromises.他总是坚守诺言。2)hestill_hisfirstresolution.他仍坚持他最初的决定。3)hehasdecidedto_hisbed.他决定卧床。4)theweatherissoterriblethatmostpeopleareforcedto_thehouse.天气太糟糕了，大多数人都被迫待在家里。5)inchina,traffic_theright.在中国，车辆是靠右行驶的。【答案】1)keepsto2)keepsto3)keepto4)keepto5)keepsto(1)完成句子lets_thesubjectsincewedonthavemuchtime.我们不要离题，因为我们时间不多了。【答案】keepto(2)名校押题(2010山东省百所重点中学联考)nomatterwhatyousay,ishall_myplan.acarryonbkeepupcputondkeepto【答案与解析】d考查动词短语。题意：无论你说什么，我都坚持我的计划。carryon“继续”；keepup“保持；继续”；puton“增加；穿戴”；keepto“遵守；信守；坚持”。5providedthat如果；只要；倘若；条件是providedthat为连词短语，相当于providingthat/supposingthat。上述三个短语中的that均可省略。onconditionthat如果；只要so/aslongas只要；如果1)iwillgo,_yougotoo.你也去的话我就去。2)weshallgo_theweatherisfine.只要天晴，我们就去。3)_circumstancespermit,weshallholdthemeetingnextweek.只要情况允许，我们下周就举行会议。4)iwillagreetogo_(that)myexpensesarepaid.假如不要我负担费用，我就同意去。【答案】1)provided/providing/supposingthat2)provided/providing/supposing3)provided/providing/supposingthat4)provided/providing/supposing(1)单项填空youmayusemykitchenasyoulike_youcleanitupafterwards.asofarasbsolongascincasedevenif【答案与解析】b考查连词短语。so/asfaras“和一样远；就而言”；so/aslongas表示条件，意为“只要”；incase“以防”；evenif表示让步，意为“即使”。(2)名校押题(2011天津十校联考)marysparentsdontmindwhatjobshedoes_sheishappy.aeventhoughbassoonascaslongasdasthough【答案与解析】c考查连词短语。eventhough“即使”；assoonas“一就”；aslongas“只要”；asthough“好像；似乎”。重点句型探究1.ifyousawafatherpattinghissononthebackwhilesmilinghappily,whatwouldyouthinkwasgoingon?如果你看到一位父亲高兴地微笑着轻拍他儿子的背，你认为发生了什么事？(1)patsbonthe身体的部位(2)strike/hit/beatsbin/on/bythe身体的部位(3)grasp/catch/leadsb/sthbythe部位词 (4).whatwouldyouthinkwasgoingon?此句为混合型特殊疑问句，其句型结构为“特殊疑问词插入语陈述句句式”。注意：打较坚硬的部位一般用on，较软部位用in。【仿写】她紧紧抓住小男孩的手。_【答案】shegraspedtheboybythehand.1)theheadmaster_thepupil_.校长轻轻地拍了拍那个学生的肩膀。2)what_theyareuptonow?你猜他们现在在干什么？3)where_themeetingwillbeheld?你认为会议将在哪里举行？【答案】1)patted;ontheshoulder2)doyouthink3)doyousuppose(1)完成句子hehitme_thenose.他打了我的鼻子。【答案】on(2)名校押题(2010海南四校联考)_applefellfromthetreeandhitapasserbyrighton_head.aan;thebthe;thecan;不填dthe;不填【答案与解析】a考查冠词。前面是泛指一个苹果，故用不定冠词an；后面考查句型“hitsbonthe身体的部位”，故用定冠词the。2thenumbersofgalapagostortoisesaresaidtohavebeguntheirdecline.据说加拉帕戈斯龟的数量已开始变少本句用了“sb/sthbesaid/believed/reportedtodosth/bedoingsth/havedonesth”这一句型，该句型意为“据说某人/某物”。【仿写】据说玛丽这些日子在写一部新的小说。_【答案】maryissaidtobewritinganewnovelthesedays.1)thefox_tobeverysly.据说狐狸很狡猾。2)he_thefounderofmodernastronomy.他被誉为现代天文学的奠基人。【答案】1)issaid2)issaidtobe(1)单项填空(2011南京调研)itis_thathisproposalsaretheoreticallycorrectbutpracticallyimpossible.asaidbtosaycsayingdbeingsaid【答案与解析】a本题考查固定句型“itis/wassaidthat.”。(2)名校押题(2010杭州七校联考)thecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofwangmeng,whowasreported_theworldrecordinwomens500mshorttrackspeedskating.abreakingbhavingbrokenctohavebrokendtobreak【答案与解析】c考查句型“sb/sthbebelieved/reported.todo/tobedoing/tohavedone”。根据题意可知“王蒙打破纪录”这一动作已发生，故用动词不定式的完成时。高考真题探究1(2010安徽，35)_？thatwouldbegreat!pleasedropmeoffatthelibrary.acouldyoubringmethebillbwouldyoulikemetogiveyoualiftccouldyoutellmethepostcodeforparisdwouldyouliketohavemyemailaddress【答案与解析】b考查交际用语。根据答语“请在图书馆门口让我下车”可知b项正确，意为“你要我送你吗？”2(2010湖北，26)iwasntblaminganyone;i_saiderrorslikethiscouldbeavoided.amerelybmostlycrarelydnearly【答案与解析】a考查副词。mostly“大部分地；通常地”；nearlyalmost“几乎”；rarely“很少地；几乎不”；merely“仅仅；只不过”。题意：我并没有责怪任何人，我只是说类似这样的错误是可以避免的。3(2010辽宁，23)jimwenttoanswerthephone._，harrystartedtopreparelunch.ahoweverbneverthelesscbesidesdmeanwhile【答案与解析】d考查副词。题意：吉姆去接电话，与此同时，哈里开始准备午餐。前后两个句子是相同的语义关系，在时间上表示同时，所以用meanwhile。4(2010四川，1)heresyourchange._athankyou.bdontmentionit.cnoproblem.dwithpleasure.【答案与解析】a考查情景交际。题意：“这是找你的零钱。”“谢谢。”a项符合语境。dontmentionit用于回答道谢或道歉；noproblem和withpleasure两项用于回答求助。5(2010全国，18)canihelpyou?areyoulookingforanythinginparticulartoday?_.werejustlooking.ayespleasebno,thankyoucyes,youcandno,youneednt【答案与解析】b考查情景交际。结合语境，考查拒绝帮助的答语。6(2010福建，35)weshouldrespectfoodandthinkaboutthepeoplewhodonthave_wehavehereandtreatfoodnicely.athatbwhichcwhatdwhether【答案与解析】c考查宾语从句。题意：我们应该尊重食物，想一想那些人，他们没有我们拥有的食物，但是珍惜食物。what引导宾语从句，且what在宾语从句中作宾语。7(2010上海，36)onereasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeis_shecanhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.athatbhowcwhatdwhy【答案与解析】a考查表语从句。that引导表语从句，此处that不可以省略。题意：她偏爱城市生活的原因之一是在城市里容易找到像商店和餐馆一样的地方。8(2010北京，32)partofthereasoncharlesdickenslovedhisownnovel,davidcopperfield,was_itwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife.awhatbthatcwhydwhether【答案与解析】b考查表语从句。从句不缺成分，因此用that来引导。题意：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是这本书非常贴近他的真实生活。9(2009江苏，22)annisinhospital.oh,really?i_know.i_goandvisither.adidnt;amgoingtobdont