高考英语阅读理解专题训练极品题（11）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解专题训练极品题（11）及答案c72013陕西卷 -caccording to sociologists(社会学家), every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification(阶层)class, power and status are important in deciding peoples rank in society.class means a persons economic position in society.a commonly used classification is lower class, middle class and upper class.while sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined, they do describe societies like the united states quite well.one study shows that 53% of americans belong to the lower class, 46% the middle class, and 1% the upper class.interestingly, a surgeon earning $ 500，000 a year and a bus driver earning $ 50，000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class!power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people.obviously, people in positions of great power(such as governors) exercise(行使) big power, but people who take orders from others have less power.power and class do not always go hand in hand, however.for example, the governor of a state has great power, but he or she may not belong to a corresponding(相应的) economic class.generally, however, there is a relationship between power and class. to our knowledge, there arent too many people who arent millionaires in the us.senate!status is the honor or respect attached to a persons position in society.it can also be affected by power and class, but not necessarily so.for example, a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high social class or have a lot of power over others.54what can we learn about “the middle class” from paragraph 2?apeople earning $50，000 a year belong to the middle class.bnearly half americans belong to the middle class.cpeople generally consider bus drivers as the middle class.dsociologists have a clear definition of the middle class.55according to the text, we know that _apower and class do not always correspond with each otherbstatus refers to a persons economic position in societycpeople with high status have a lot of control over othersdclass is less important in deciding a persons social rank56which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?a b.c d.【要点综述】 本文说明了一个社会现象：每个现代工业社会都有其社会阶层。阶级权力和社会地位是判断一个人的社会阶层的重要标准。54b推理判断题。由第二段倒数第二句中的“46% the middle class”一句可知在美国，有差不多一半的人属于中产阶级，选b。55a细节理解题。由第三段中的“power and class do not always go hand in hand, however.”可知，权力和阶级并不总是保持一致。选a。56a篇章结构题。本文第一段是主题段，“class, power and status are important in deciding peoples rank in society.”是本文的主题句，后三段分别从这三个方面来论述，故本篇文章是总分的结构。选a。社会生活类-78as the railroads and the highways shaped the american west in the past centuries, a new electrical generating (发电) and transmission (输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the west, for better or worse. much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community. the same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around. the 19th century saw land grants (政府拨地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads, leaving public land in between privately owned land. in much of the west, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped, and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management. with the completion of the interstate highway system, many of the small towns, which sprang up as railway stops and developed well, have lost their lifeblood and died. big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the west. this is not an argument against building them. we need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now. so trade-offs will have to be made. some scenic spots will be sacrificed. some species (物种) will be forced to move, or will be carefully moved to special accommodations. deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects. the lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter. the 21st century development of the american west as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region. there are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good. but it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways. the money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions that control it will shape the west far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines. so lets remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the west. 1. what was the problem caused by the construction of the railways? a. small towns along the railways became abandoned.b. some railroad stops remained underused.c. land in the west was hard to manage.d. land grants went into private hands.2. what is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to thelast two paragraphs? a. the transmission of power. b. the use of money and power.c. the conservation of solar energy.d. the selection of an ideal place.3. what is the authors attitude towards building solar plants? a. cautious.b. approving.c. doubtful. d. disapproving.4. which is the best title for the passage? a. how the railways have affected the westb. how solar energy could reshape the westc. how the effects of power plants can be reducedd. how the problems of the highways have been settled【参考答案】78.1-4 cbab 社会生活类-79 blogging may have psychological（心理的）benefits for teens suffering from social anxiety, improving their self-esteem（自尊）and helping them relate better to their friends, according to the new research published by the american psychological association. research has shown that writing a personal diary and other forms of expressive writing is a great way to reduce emotional stress and just feel better, said the studys lead author, meyran boniel-nissim, phd, of the university of haifa, israel.teens are online anyway, so blogging enables free expression and easy communication with others.blogging has a stronger positive effect on troubled students well-being than merely expressing their social anxieties and concerns in a private diary, according to the article published online in the apa journal psychological services.opening the blog up to comments from the online community strengthens those effects.the researchers randomly surveyed high school students in israel,who had agreed to fill out a questionnaire about their feelings on the quality of their social relationships. a total of 161 students - 124 girls and 37 boys, with an average age of 15 - were selected because their scores on the survey showed they all had some level of social anxiety or stress. all the teens reported difficulty in making friends or relating to the friends they had. the researchers assessed the teens self-esteem, everyday social activities and behaviors before, immediately after and two months after the 10-week experiment.four groups of students were assigned to blog. two of those groups were told to focus their posts on their social problems, with one group opening the posts to comments; the other two groups could write about whatever they wanted and, again, one group opened the blog up to comments. the number and content of comments were not evaluated for this experiment. the students could respond to comments but that was not required. two more groups acted as controlseither writing a private diary about their social problems or doing nothing. participants in the writing and blogging groups were told to post messages at least twice a week for 10 weeks.four experts, who held masters or doctoral degrees in consulting and psychology, assessed the bloggers social and emotional condition by way of their blog posts. students were assessed as having a poor social and emotional state if they wrote a lot about personal problems or bad relationships or showed evidence of low self-esteem.self-esteem, social anxiety, emotional stress and the number of positive social behaviors improved significantly for the bloggers when compared to the teens who did nothing and those who wrote private diaries.bloggers who were instructed to write specifically about their difficulties and whose blogs were open to comments improved the most. all of these results agreed with the two month follow-up.the authors admitted that the skewed（有偏向的）sex rate was a limitation to the study. however, the researchers analyzed the results separately by sex and found that boys and girls reacted similarly to the experiment and there were no major differences. they said future research should attempt to control the subjects for sex.50the selection of students for the experiment was largely based on. atheir social relationships btheir self-esteem ctheir problems in social lifedtheir willingness to fill out a question naire51whats the function of“controls” (paragraph 4) in the experiment? ato write down some social problems in a private diary. bto post messages to the blog and respond to comments. cto help evaluate the number and content of blog comments. dto offer a comparison for checking the experimental result.52from the experiment we can know that. awriting private diaries makes no difference to the relief of ones emotional stress bteenagers opening their blogs up to comments have more psychological benefits cthe positive effects of expressing ones emotions by blogging dont last very long dthose describing bad relationships on blogs tend to develop more mental problems53what can be inferred from the last paragraph? athe authors insisted that all the research findings were accurate. bsexrate had been taken into account before the survey was conducted. cthe authors were intended to improve the experiment in the future. dsimilar reactions of boys and girls indicated the failure of the experiment.54what is the main idea of thepassage? ablogging can help reduce social stress and anxiety. bthe research into blogging attracts public attention. cblogging provides a simple way for communication. dblog comments have a positive effect on teenagers.【参考答案】79.cdbcac72013四川卷 -dhome to me means a sense of familiarity and nostalgia(怀旧)its fun to come home. it looks the same. it smells the same. youll realize whats changed is you. home is where we can remember pain，love，and some other experiences：we parted here; my parents met here; i won three championships here.if i close my eyes, i can still have a clear picture in mind of my first home. i walk in the door and see a brown sofa surrounding a low glasstop wooden table. to the right of the living room is my first bedroom. its empty，but its where my earliest memories are.there is the dining room table where i celebrated birthdays, and where i cried on halloweenwhen i didnt want to wear the skirt my mother made for me.i always liked standing on that table because it made me feel tall and strong. if i sit at this table, i can see my favorite room in the house，my parents room. it is simple: a brown wooden dresser lines the right side of the wall next to a television and a couple of photos of my grandparents on each side. their bed is my safe zone. i can jump on it anytimewaking up my parents if i am scared or if i have an important announcement that cannot wait until the morning.im lucky because i know my first home still exists. it exists in my mind and heart, on a physical property(住宅)on west 64th street on the western edge of los angeles. it is proof i lived, i grew, and i learned.sometimes when i feel lost，i lie down and shut my eyes, and i go home. i know its where ill find my family，my dogs, and my belongings.i purposely leave the window open at night because i know ill be blamed by mom. but i dont mind, because i want to hear her say my name，which reminds me im home.43why does the author call her parents bed her “safe zone”(paragraph 3)?ait is her favorite place to play.b. her needs can be satisfied there.c. her grandparents photos are lined on each side.d. her parents always play together with her there.44what can be learned from the passage?a. the old furniture is still in the authors first bedroom.b. the author can still visit her first physical home in los