高考英语阅读理解专题训练极品题（18）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解专题训练极品题（18）及答案社会生活类-andrew ritchie, inventor of the brompton folding bicycle, once said that the perfect portable bike would be“like a magic carpet. . . you could fold it up and put it into your pocket or handbag”. then he paused:“but youll always be limited by the size of the wheels. and so far no one has invented a folding wheel. “ it was a rareindeed uniqueoccasion when i was able to put ritchie right. a 19th-century inventor, william henry james grout, did in fact design a folding wheel. his bike, predictably named the grout portable, had a frame that split into two and a larger wheel that could be separated into four pieces. all the bits fitted into grouts wonderful bag, a leather case. grouts aim:to solve the problems of carrying a bike on a train. now doesnt that sound familiar? grout intended to find a way of making a bike small enough for train travel:his bike was a huge beast. and importantly, the design of early bicycles gave him an advantage:in grouts day, tyres were solid, which made the business of splitting a wheel into four separate parts relatively simple. you couldnt do the same with a wheel fitted with a one-piece inflated (充气的) tyre. so, in a 21st-century context, is the idea of the folding wheel dead? it is not. a british design engineer, duncan fitzsimons, has developed a wheel that can be squashed into something like a slender ellipse (椭圆). throughout, the tyre remains inflated. will the young fitzsimonss folding wheel make it into production? i havent the foggiest idea. but his inventiveness shows two things. first, people have been saying for more than a century that bike design has reached its limit, except for gradual advances. its as silly a concept now as it was 100 years ago:theres plenty still to go for. second, it is in the field of folding bikes that we are seeing the most interesting inventions. you can buy a folding bike for less than 1, 000 that can be knocked down so small that it can be carried on a planeminus wheels, of courseas hand baggage. folding wheels would make all manner of things possible. have we yet got the magic carpet of andrew ritchies imagination? no. but its progress. 1. we can infer from paragraph 1 that the brompton folding bike .a. was portable b. had a folding wheelc. could be put in a pocketd. looked like a magic carpet2. we can learn from the text that the wheels of the grout portable .a. were difficult to separateb. could be split into 6 piecesc. were fitted with solid tyresd. were hard to carry on a train3. we can learn from the text that fitzsimonss invention .a. kept the tyre as a whole pieceb. was made into production soonc. left little room for improvementd. changed our views on bag design4. which of the following would be the best title for the text? a. three folding bike inventorsb. the making of a folding bikec. progress in folding bike designd. ways of separating a bike wheel【参考答案】55.1-4 acac 专题讲座阅读理解之细节理解题 (2012大纲全国卷，c)last night i was driving from harrisburg to lewisburg, a distance of about eighty miles.it was late.several times i got stuck behind a slowmoving truck on a narrow road with a solid white line on my left，and i became increasingly impatient.at one point along an open road，i came to a crossing with a traffic light.i was alone on the road by now，but as i drove near the light，it turned red and i made a stop.i looked left，right and behind me.nothing.not a car，no suggestion of car lamps， but there i sat，waiting for the light to change，the only human being for at least a mile in any direction.i started wondering why i refused to run the light.i was not afraid of being caught，because there was clearly no policeman around，and there certainly would have been no danger in going through it.much later that night，the question of why id stopped for that light came back to me.i think i stopped because its part of a contract(契约) we all have with each other.its not only the law，but its an agreement we have，and we trust each other to honor it：we dont go through red lights.trust is our first inclination (倾向)doubting others does not seem to be natural to us.the whole construction of our society depends on mutual(相互) trust，not distrust.we do what we say well do；we show up when we say well show up；and we pay when we say well pay.we trust each other in these matters，and were angry or disappointed with the person or organization that breaks the trust we have in them.i was so proud of myself for stopping for the red light that night.1why did the author get impatient while driving?ahe was lonely on the road.bhe was slowed down by a truck.che got tired of driving too long.dhe came across too many traffic lights.2what was the authors immediate action when the traffic light turned red?astopping still.b driving through it.clooking around for other cars.dchecking out for traffic police. 3the event made the author strongly believe that .atraffic rules may be unnecessarybdoubting others is human naturecpatience is important to driversda society needs mutual trust4why was the author proud of himself?ahe kept his promise.bhe held back his anger.che followed his inclination.dhe made a right decision.参考答案14：badd,本文为记叙文，题材属于人物故事类。作者在没有警察且没有其他车辆的情况下仍然遵守交通规则，因为这个社会需要彼此的信任。we trust each other in these matters and were angry or disappointed with the person or organization that breaks the trust we have in them.本句中含有两个定语从句，that 为关系代词，代指 the person or organization，we have in them 也为定语从句，先行词为trust，关系代词省略掉了。在这些问题上，我们彼此信任，对于那些我们信任他们而他们却破坏这种信任的人或者组织，我们都感到气愤和失望。细节是围绕主题展开的，是对中心主题的进一步表达。细节题是针对原文提到的某个事物、现象或理论的考查。细节题主要考查考生是否能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，考生可采用以下步骤社会生活类-53the diet zone:a dangerous placediet coke,diet pepsi,diet pills,no-fat diet,vegetable diet. . . we are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. we have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. we are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically(身体上).diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. on one level,we are not allowing our brains to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight,but in controlling the consumption of fatty,high-calorie,unhealthy foods. diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale(秤)instead. all we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.on another level,diet products have greater psychological effects. every time we have a zero-calorie drink,we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we dont have to work to get results. diet products make people believe thatgain comes without pain,and that life can be without resistance and struggle.the danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us,but also in the physical harm that they cause. diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients(营养成分). diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. diet products may not be nutritional,and the chemicals that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us,it is time to seriously think about buying them. losing weight lies in the power of minds,not in the power of chemicals. once we realize this,we will be much better able to resist diet products,and therefore prevent the psychological and physical harm that comes from using them.1. from paragraph 1,we learn that.a. diet products fail to bring out peoples potentialb. people have difficulty in choosing diet productsc. diet products are misleading peopled. people are fed up with diet products2. one psychological effect of diet products is that people tend to.a. try out a variety of diet foodsb. hesitate before they enjoy diet foodsc. pay attention to their own eating habitsd. watch their weight rather than their diet3. in paragraph 3,“gain comes without pain” probably means.a. losing weight is effortlessb. it costs a lot to lose weightc. diet products bring no paind. diet products are free from calories4. diet products indirectly harm people physically because such products.a. are over-consumedb. lack basic nutrientsc. are short of chemicals d. provide too much energy5. which of the following shows the structure of the passage?cp:central pointp:pointsp:sub-point(次要点)c:conclusion【参考答案】53.1-5 cdabb社会生活类-54when it comes to friends, i desire those who will share my happiness, who possess wings of their own and who will fly with me. i seek friends whose qualities illuminate(照亮) me and train me up for love. it is for these people that i reserve the glowing hours, too good not to share. when i was in the eighth grade, i had a friend. we were shy and“too serious” about our studies when it was becoming fashionable with our classmates to learn acceptable social behaviors. we said little at school, but she would come to my house and we would sit down with pencils and paper, and one of us would say:“lets start with a train whistle today. “ we would sit quietly together and write separate poems or stories that grew out of a train whistle. then we would read them aloud. at the end of that school year, we, too, were changed into social creatures and the stories and poems stopped. when i lived for a time in london, i had a friend. he was in despair(失望) and i was in despair. but our friendship was based on the idea in each of us that we would be sorry later if we did not explore this great city because we had felt bad at the time. we met every sunday for five weeks and found many excellent things. we walked until our despairs disappeared and then we parted. we gave london to each other. for almost four years i have had a remarkable friend whose imagination illuminates mine. we write long letters in which we often discover our strangest selves. each of us appears, sometimes in a funny way, in the others dreams. she and i agree that, at certain times, we seem to be parts of the same mind. in my most interesting moments, i often think:“yes, i must tell. . . “ we have never met. it is such comforting companions i wish to keep. one bright hour with their kind is worth more to me than the lifetime serv