高考英语阅读理解基础练习题（47）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解基础练习题（47）及答专题*推理判断一、题型特点与解题技巧这类题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。题目数量分布均匀，并且设题时往往和事实细节相连。常见的题干有：1) it can be inferred from the text that.2) we can conclude that.3) when the writer talks about., what he really means is that.4) which of the following can be inferred from the passage? 判断题考查学生在理解文章的基础上，对不同观点进行评价和判断的能力。推理题考查学生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力。1) 判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。2) 全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。3) 善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。4）不可直接选取文中的原句或对文中作字面解释。 注意点：1.如果是对某段内容进行推断，那么只需看题干要求的段落即可。 exchange a glance with someone, then look away. do you realize that you have made a statement? hold the glance for a second longer, and you have made a different statement. hold it for 3 seconds, and the meaning has changed again. it can be inferred from the first paragraph that_. a. every glance has its significance b. staring at a person is an expression of interest c. a gaze longer than 3 seconds is unacceptable d. a glance conveys more meaning than words 2. 选项措词过于绝对化的，一般不是答案项。 i recently visited a great little college in new york where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years. i talked with an african american who has been a professor there for a long time, and she remembers that when she first joined the community, there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. now ,all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity.it can be inferred form the passage that_. a. minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity b. american political circles will not accept diversity c. it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the u.s media d. diversity can result in better management. 3.合乎常理，意义深刻，或符合一般常识的选项一般是答案项，而照抄原文或对文中作字面解释的则不是答案。the illegal killing of rhinos(犀牛) for their horns is increasing in africa and asia. rhinoceros poachers(偷猎者)are killing an estimated two to three of the rare animals each week.the estimate for zimbabwe is two hundred thirty-five. the situation threatens gains made in its rhino populations in the nineteen nineties. in the last two years, only six people were found guilty of poaching charges outo f forty-one arrested. not all the news is bad, however, rhino populations are increasing in some areas. these include both white rhinos and black rhinos in the wild in africa. wildlife activities are urging governments to do more to fight rhino poaching. we can infer from the passage that _. a. the protection of rhino in zimbabwe once got improved in the 1990s b. only wildlife activists are responsible for the protection of rhinos c. the number of the rhinos is getting bigger in some areas. d. illegal hunting of rhinos can only be forbidden when governments act whats the tone of the passage? a. negative b. objective c. worried d. positive 4.弄清主题意思。在处理与全文主旨有关的题时，或处理与文章首尾有关的推论题时，一定要放慢速度将各段，尤其是全文首尾句意读懂，再快速阅读其他部分。 you can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. the life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings. but some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an n.b.d. those who recognize problems as a human condition and dont measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare. in this paragraph, the author tells us that_. a. difficulties are but part of everyones life b. depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in life c. everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstances d. good feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellence 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分） 阅读下列四篇短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b/c和d）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 awe live in central phoenix, near the canal. every day i used to see a homeless old man and his scruffy little dog hanging out down there.i would tell my husband we should give him food for the little dog. it wouldnt have been a problem; we have our own mini farm of animals! but he would say ok! and then blow the idea off because of our business.being in phoenix, arizona, you can just imagine how hot it gets here, but his winter was really chilly! i had just come from kfc with take-out food for dinner. as i was turning by the canal, the man and his dog were sitting right there all bundled up. even the doggy had a coat on! not even thinking about it, i pulled into the parking lot along the canal and piled up a plate of chicken with al the fixings for the man and his little buddy. i gave it to him with a soda and a bottle of water for the little dog. he said, thank you, sweetie. you are an angel. and there were tears welling up in his eyes! i told him he ws so welcome, and then went home.when my husband dug into the kfc gag he asked, were you hungry, or what? i told him what i did and he said, only you! then he told me i had done a good thing.a few weeks later, we were walking along the canal and found the man walking to me, with his little dog. he asked whether i would mind adopting the dog. with tears in eyes, he said it had gotten too hard for him to care for the dog. he added that he was planning on heading to washington state but his dog wouldnt have been up to it, so he hoped to give it to me. only you! in this city, you are the only person i can believe in!now, every time i watch and pat the puppy lying near the fireplace, i will recall the old mans words and wish him good luck.26. the author and her husband didnt kelp the old man at the beginning because _ a.they had a farm of animals to feed b.they didnt have food even for themselves. c.they worked busily and often forget it. d.they were unwilling to help a man with a dog.【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。由“but he would say ok! and then blow the idea off because of our business.”可知我们一开始没有帮助老人是因为生意太忙，而忘记了。故选c。27. what can we learn about the author from paragraph 3? a. she gave the old man some food on a cold day. b. she met the old man after finishing her dinner. c. she offered the old man nothing but chicken. d. she burst into tears after helping the old man.【答案】a【解析】细节理解题。由“i pulled into the parking lot along the canal and piled up a plate of chicken with al the fixings for the man and his little buddy. i gave it to him with a soda and a bottle of water for the little dog.”可知在那个寒冷的日子，作者给了老人一些食物。28. what did the authors husband feel when she told him what she had done? a. grateful. b. delighted c. indifferent d. disappointed【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。由“then he told me i had done a good thing.”可知作者的丈夫为她所做的事情感到高兴。故选b。29. why did the old man hope to give the dog to the author? a. because he knew thee author was also a dog lover. b. because the author was the person he could trust. c. because the author was the only person he knew. d. because he believed that his dog liked the author.【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。由only you! in this city, you are the only person i can believe in!可知老人把狗给她，是因为她是老人信任的人。故选b。30. what can we infer from the ending of the passage? a. the author refused the old mans request. b. the author misses the old man and his dog. c. the author feels the old man was very lucky. d. the author adopted the old mans dog.【答案】d【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段“every time i watch and pat the puppy lying near the fireplace,”可知作者收养了老人的狗。故选d. 专题-猜词悟义 一、题型特点与解题技巧在英语阅读中， 利用上下文或句子结构猜测词义是学生必备的阅读能力之一。培养猜测词义的能力，不仅有助于提高阅读速度，扩大词汇量， 还能增强学习英语的信心。 一、巧借生词本身 在英语文章中， 一些人名、地名、节日等专有名词不影响理解，对它们可就词论词，不必猜测词义。例如. 1.the largest spider in the world is the goliath tarantula. 2.held on a farm, the glastonbury festival is the most well-known and popular in the u.k.二、巧用上下文信息 在阅读中， 可根据上下文的语境暗示， 运用逻辑推理来猜测生词词义。例如： 1.he is a resolute man. once he sets up a goal, he will not give up easily.2.the female mosquito is a vampire and lives on blood. 三、利用同义词或近义词 为使自己的意思表达得更清楚， 作者通常用其同义词或近义词来解释难词。例如： 1.mother was tall, fat and middle -aged. the principal of the school was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter. 2.all the members are of the same opinions. they are unanimous. 四、运用定义或释义 阅读中会遇到一些不熟悉的术语。为帮助读者理解，作者常用一个句子或一个段落来说明其内涵。对术语下定义的句子往往出现在段首，也是主题句。有时整个段落、甚至整篇文章都围绕这一定义展开。因而， 借助作者的定义或释义推断词义是最直接的办法。例如： 1.the enemy soldiers surrendered, that is, threw their weapons and walked out with their hands above their heads. 2.the word ecology means the study of the relationship between living things and their surroundings. 用来表示定义或释义的提示语有：mean, refer to, be defined as, be described as, be known as, be called, be termed, that is, or, in other words等。 五、巧用构词法 阅读中可运用合成、转化、派生等构词法知识来猜测词义。通过分析词缀及词根，不仅可猜测单词含义，还有利于扩大词汇量。例如： 1.they overestimate the interviewers ability and asked him many difficult questions.2.take out all removable parts and wash them with warm water. 掌握一些常见词缀及含义。如：形容词后缀有-ful, -less, -y, -ing,-able等； 名词后缀有- or, - er, - tion, - ist,- th, -ment, -age, -ness等；构成反义词的前缀有un-, dis-. in-,im-, ir-, non-等。 有特定意义的词缀有re-（ 重新，再），co-（合作的），anti-（反对的），over-（过高的），micro-（微型的），fore-（超前的），inter-（国际的,相互的）,pre-（先前的,提前的）,super-（超级的），tele-（远）等。 六、巧借标点符号 有时为了让读者更清楚文中某个词或短语的含义,作者经常借助标点符号（ 如括号、破折号、冒号、逗号等） 直接为生词提供定义或解释。例如： 1.in russia if we give flowers as a present, we have to give an odd number of them （one, three, five, etc） because even number of flowers （two, four, six, etc）are for funerals.2.one of the tourists has just been bluejackedsecretly sent a test message using short-range wireless technology called bluetooth. 七、妙用对比词 在文章中， 作者有时会运用一些相互对应、互为反义的词语，使不同事物的特点更为突出。我们可以通过上下文的逻辑关系， 透过两种事物或现象的对比描述， 从其中一个熟悉的词反推出生词词义。例如： 1.most of us agreed, however, bill dissented.2.her voice was usually soft and sweet, but now it is hoarse. 表示对比、转折的标志词通常有yet, but, however, otherwise, despite, even though, unlike, instead, rather than, on the other hand, on the contrary等。 八、找准信息词 通常情况下， 某些单词或短语所引出的内容可起到解释说明的作用,能帮助我们理解生词的含义。这样的信号词有：for example, for instance, such as, namely, and, like （ 像）, especially, include, consist of等。 1.many united nations employees are polyglots, mrs. white, for example, speaks five languages.2.but, on the other hand, we have such compound words as handshake and handbag. 九、巧借经验和常识 在阅读理解中结合自己的经验和社会常识， 往往也能有效地推断出生词的含义。如： 1.when you have tanks of air on your back, you can stay in deep water for a long time. 2.in the old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with them a large quantity of dowry. 根据生活经验猜测词义时， 要注意观察同一生词是否在文章中其他地方出现，把两处的语境进行比较，更容易准确地猜出词义。 十、巧用因果关系 不同的原因导致不同的结果； 反之，由结果也能够分析出原因。我们可以巧用因果关系来推测词义。例如： 1.since i could not afford to buy the original painting, i bought a replica. an inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. 2.he was so infuriated that he tore the letters into pieces.表示因果关系的标志词有because ,so, thus, due to, result in/from，as a result（of）等。 十一、活用语法知识 有些语法知识如定语从句和同位语等进一步说明的作用,可以帮助推断词义。例如： 1.he was a prestidigitator who amused the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks. 2.do you have any proof that he is a thief? 十二、注意指示代词和人称代词等 there are pressing calls on the resources of the government. using taxpayers money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them. ( 2010北京) 一般说来it, they, this等指代的都是上文提到的人或事，但一定按句意判断是上文哪个词。总之，我们要坚持“词不离句， 句不离文” 的原则， 在上下文的紧密联系中猜测词义。此外，还要训练带着问题， 按意群、句子去阅读， 不要把注意力集中在某个单词或短语上，这样既能加快阅读速度，又能把注意力集中在内容的理解上, 从而养成良好的阅读习惯。 parents need to be good role models to help their children make sensible financial decisions, according to adam hancock and his team, from east caronlina university in the us. their work highlights that parents who argue about finances contribute to increasing credit card debt among their children during their students years. their work is published online in springers journal of family and economic issues. credit card debt among college students has been a growing concern for researchers and policymakers over the last decade. in addition, there is growing concern among educators that more students are dropping out of school, not because of academic failure, but because of financial reasons, and credit card especially. hancock and colleagues study is the first to examine how parental interactions, and financial knowledge and attitudes may have a cumulative effect（累积效应）on the number of credit cards students own and their level of credit card debt. the researchers analyzed data for 420 undergraduate students from seven different american universities, who took part in the college student financial literacy survey. according to the online survey, nearly two-thirds of students had a credit card, and nearly a third had more than one. those students who reported that their parents argued about finances were more likely to have more than two cards than the students whose parents who did not argue about finances.in terms of debt, those students who had two or more credit cards were nearly three times more likely to report having credit card debt over 500.the researchers conclude, it is clear that the influence of parents cannot be neglected. researchers, educators and policymakers should work in finding effective ways to increase the positive financial behaviors fo college students. we need to help students learn financial skills and establish healthy financial attitudes at earlier ages to prevent poor financial habits from taking root.31. in adam hancocks research, students credit card debt is related to their _. a.knowledge b.concerns c.school d.parents【答案】d 【解析】细节理解题。由“their work highlights that parents who argue about finances contribute to increasing credit card debt among their children during their students years.”可知学生的信用卡债务和他们的父母有关。故选d。32. when college students have credit card debt, they may _. a.quit school b.fail in