高考英语阅读理解基础极品训练题（20）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解基础极品训练题（20）及答案2013安徽省级示范高中名校联考switzerland is the best place to be born in the world in 2013，and the us is just 16th. a new study made by the economist intelligence unit says american babies will have a dimmer future than those born in hong kong，ireland and even canada. the eiu，a sister company of the economist，tried to measure how well countries will provide the best opportunities for a healthy，safe and prosperous life in years to come.people born in switzerland will tend to be the happiest and have the best quality of life judged in terms of wealth，health and trust in public institutions，according to the analysis. the scandinavian countries of norway，sweden and denmark also all make the top five in a qualityoflife index(指数)highlighting where it is best to be born next year.one of the most important factors is being rich，but other factors come into playincluding crime，trust in public institutions and the health of family life. in total，the index takes into account 11 factors. these include fixed factors such as geography，others that change slowly over time such as demography (人口统计学)，social and cultural characteristics, and the state of the world economy. the index also looks at income per head in 2030，which is roughly when children born in 2013 will reach adulthood. small economies take up the top 10 countries，with australia coming second and new zealand and the netherlands not too far behind.half of the top 10 countries are european，but only one，the netherlands，is from the eurozone. the crisisridden south of europe，including greece，portugal and spain，falls behind despite the advantage of a favourable climate. interestingly，the largest european economiesgermany，france and britaindo not do particularly well. nigeria has the unenviable(不值得羡慕的)title of being the worst country for a baby to enter the world in 2013.11according to the passage，the happiest people live in_adenmark bswitzerlandcgermany dnigeria12the factors of telling the best place to be born dont include_aeconomy bgeographyctrust in public institutions dpollution13which of the following is true according to the text?athe economist intelligence unit is a company.bthe economist attempted to measure the best place to live.cthe scandinavian countries are hardly at the top of the list.dhalf of the top 10 countries are from the eurozone.14the purpose of the text is to show people_.athe best place to be born in 2013ba new study made by the eiucthe worst country to be born in 2013dthe factors of measuring the best place to be born【语篇导读】 本文主要通过经济学人智库对国家的幸福指数的研究得出在瑞士出生的人是最幸福的，生活质量也最高，而挪威、瑞典和丹麦这几个斯堪的纳维亚国家也跻身前五名。11. b细节理解题。 根据文章第一段“switzerland is the best place to be born in the world in 2013”和第二段“people born in switzerland will tend to be the happiest and have the best quality of life”可知，一般来说，在瑞士出生的人是最幸福的，其生活质量也最高。故答案为b项。12. d细节理解题。根据文章第二段中对于判断最佳居住地的因素介绍可知，没有提到“污染”的问题。故答案为d项。13. a推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“the eiu, a sister company of the economist”可知经济学人智库是一家公司。故a项正确。14. b主旨大意题。本文的目的是展示经济学人智库的研究结果，而其他三个选项只是其中的一个部分，不能作为文章的目的。故答案为b项。(二)a(2013全国，a)doctors are known to be terrible pilots. they dont listen because they already know it all. i was lucky: i became a pilot in 1970, almost ten years before i graduated from medical school. i didnt realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. i loved flying. as i flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, i learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理), or crm, a new idea to make flying safer. it means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.i first read about crm in 1980. not long after that, an attending doctor and i were flying in bad weather. the controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. the attending doctor was flying; i was safety pilot. he was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. he was a better pilotand my bossso it felt unusual to speak up. but i had to: our lives were in danger. i put aside my uneasiness and said, “we need to put the landing gear down now！” that was my first real lesson in the power of crm, and ive used it in the operating room ever since.crm requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. it further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesnt overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again. so when im in the operating room, i ask for ideas and help from others. sometimes theyre not willing to speak up. but i hope that if i continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from“landing_gear_up”文章大意：众所周知，医生是糟糕的飞行员，但飞行使我成为好的医生。1what dose the author say about doctors in general?athey like flying by themselves.bthey are unwilling to take advice.cthey pretend to be good pilots.dthey are quick learners of crm.答案：b推理判断题。根据短文最后一段一、二、三句话可知，crm要求飞行员或医生鼓励他人说出自己的建议，甚至相反的建议，但又阻止医生有过激反应，所以他们不愿意说出自己的建议，由此可知他们是不愿意接受建议，故b项正确。2the author deepened his understanding of the power of crm when _.ahe saved the plane by speaking upbhe was in charge of a flying taskchis boss landed the plane too latedhis boss operated on a patient答案：a推理判断题。根据短文第二段倒数四句话可知，说出建议是不寻常的，但当人们处于危险时，我把不安放在一边，大胆说出自己的建议，拯救了飞机，使我加深了对crm力量的理解。3in the last paragraph “landing gear up” probably means _.afollowing flying requirementsboverreacting to different opinionsclistening to what fellow doctors saydmaking a mistake that may cost lives答案：d词义理解题。由第二段可知，我大胆说出自己的建议，拯救了飞机，此处我希望继续鼓励他们说出建议，将来某一天会阻止犯让人丢性命的错误。4which of the following can be the best title for the text?acrm: a new way to make flying safe.bflying makes me a better doctor.cthe making of a good pilot.da pilotturned doctor.答案：b主旨大意题。第一段是主题段。第一段的第四句话是主题句，故b项正确。阅读理解-b(2013江苏，c)if a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. nitrogen(氮) dissolved (溶解)in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. the consequence, if the bubbles (气泡)accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name. if the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain, the consequence can be death. other airbreathing animals also suffer this decompression(减压)sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. and so, long ago, did ichthy osaurs (鱿). that these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. if bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. this kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. fossil(化石)bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends. bruce rothschild of the university of kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. what he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. to this end, he and his colleagues traveled the worlds naturalhistory museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the triassic period and from the later jurassic and cretaceous periods. when he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. more than 15% of jurassic and cretaceous ichthyosayurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single triassic specimen(标本)showed evidence of that sort of injury. if ichthyosaurs did evolve an antidecompression means, they clearly did so quicklyand, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. but that is not what dr rothschild thinks happened. he suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change. whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物)such as a large shark. one of the features of jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully sharkand crocodilefree. in the triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. in the jurassic and cretaceous, they were prey(猎物)as well as predatorand often had to make a speedy exit as a result. 文章大意：当下潜者突然浮出水面，血液中的氮气会突然释放出来，引起剧烈的疼痛和身体的弯曲。bruce rothschild研究为什么普遍存在的这种现象在早期鱼龙身上不存在，晚期的鱼龙身上就出现了。5which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?aa twisted body. ba gradual decrease in blood supply.ca sudden release of nitrogen in blood.da drop in blood pressure. 答案：a推理判断题。根据第一段第二句话“the consequence, if the bubbles accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name”当血液中的氮气释放，聚集在关节处，结果就是剧烈的疼痛和身体的弯曲这就是bends这个名字的由来。由此可知，bends的典型症状就是弯曲的身体。6the purpose of rothschilds study is to see _.ahow often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsbhow ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression cwhy ichthyosaurs bent their bodies dwhen ichthyosaurs broke their bones 答案：b细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话“what he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years.”可得出答案。7rothschilds finding stated in paragraph 4 _.aconfirmed his assumption bspeeded up his research process cdisagreed with his assumption dchanged his research objectives 答案：c推理判断题。根据根据第四段第二句话“instead，he was astonished to discover the opposite.”说明他的发现和他的假设是相反的。8rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs _.afailed to evolve an antidecompression means bgradually developed measures against the bends cdied out because of large sharks and crocodiles devolved an antidecompression means but soon lost it 答案：a推理判断题。根据最后一段，最初鱼龙处于食物链的顶端，没有动物捕杀它们，所以它们无需急剧浮出水面，因此无bends现象，但是到了鱼龙成为了猎物，所以有了bends现象，而它们没有跟着进化。阅读理解-e when we talk about stars ,especially women stars ,it seems that they are always young, pretty and own charming body shapes. but recently a britains got talent（英国达人）star susan boyle has changed our views absolutely. simon cowell ,one of the judges of the talent show spoke of his shock over ms boyles voice. this lady camp up ,and im thinking, this will take five seconds and i can go to have a cup of tea. that changed when she began to sing i dreamed to dream from les miserables. she knew we were going to have that reaction and just to see that look of satisfaction on her face through -it was one of my favorite moments, cowell said. the performance was posted on line and before long, the 47-year-old scottish woman has been famous all over the world. speaking from her home in scotland, ms boyle said that she hasnt thought of changing her appearance. she said that her friend helped her with make-up. i mean, thats hardly a makeover, she added.ms boyle also spoke of the reason she first began to explore her vocal talents, i was k